AISI 2330 Steel Tube,Pipe (UNS G23300)

AISI 2330 Steel Tube (UNS G23300) Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 2330 Steel Tube (UNS G23300) Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

AISI 2330 Steel (UNS G23300) Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **Product Introduction: AISI 2330 Steel (UNS G23300)** ## **Executive Summary** **AISI 2330 (UNS G23300)** is a nickel-chromium alloy steel designed for applications requiring good hardenability, strength, and toughness. As part of the AISI 23xx series, this steel contains approximately 3% nickel and 0.5% chromium, providing an excellent balance between deep hardening capability and mechanical properties. Positioned as a versatile engineering steel, AISI 2330 is particularly valued for components that undergo demanding service conditions where reliability and fatigue resistance are critical. Its combination of nickel (for toughness and low-temperature performance) and chromium (for hardenability and wear resistance) makes it suitable for oil quenching and subsequent tempering to achieve a wide range of strength-toughness combinations. --- ## **1. Chemical Composition** ### **Standard Composition Ranges** | Element | Content Range (% by weight) - **AISI 2330** | Primary Function | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Carbon (C)** | 0.28 - 0.33 | Provides hardness and strength through martensite formation | | **Nickel (Ni)** | 3.25 - 3.75 | Enhances toughness, improves impact resistance (especially at low temperatures), refines grain structure | | **Chromium (Cr)** | 0.45 - 0.75 | Increases hardenability, improves wear and corrosion resistance, contributes to secondary hardening | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.60 - 0.90 | Deoxidizer, improves hardenability, enhances forgeability | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.15 - 0.35 | Deoxidizer, strengthens ferrite matrix | | **Phosphorus (P)** | 0.035 max | Impurity (kept low for ductility) | | **Sulfur (S)** | 0.040 max | Impurity (affects hot workability) | | **Molybdenum (Mo)** | - | Typically not specified, but may be present in trace amounts (<0.06%) | | **Iron (Fe)** | Balance | Matrix element | ### **Key Metallurgical Features** - **Hardenability:** Excellent due to combined effects of Ni, Cr, and Mn - **Grain Structure:** Nickel refines austenite grain size, promoting toughness - **Transformation:** Forms predominantly martensitic structure upon oil quenching - **Temper Resistance:** Chromium contributes to secondary hardening during tempering --- ## **2. Physical & Mechanical Properties** ### **A. Fundamental Physical Properties** | Property | Condition | Value/Range | Notes | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Density** | All conditions | 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³) | - | | **Melting Point** | - | ~1480°C (2695°F) | - | | **Elastic Modulus** | Tempered | 200-205 GPa (29,000-29,700 ksi) | - | | **Shear Modulus** | Tempered | 80-82 GPa (11,600-11,900 ksi) | - | | **Poisson's Ratio** | - | 0.29 | - | | **Thermal Conductivity** | 100°C | 42.5 W/m·K | - | | **Specific Heat Capacity** | 20°C | 460 J/kg·K | - | | **Thermal Expansion Coefficient** | 20-100°C | 11.8 × 10⁻⁶/°C | - | | **Electrical Resistivity** | 20°C | 0.25 μΩ·m | - | | **Magnetic Properties** | Below Curie temp | Ferromagnetic | - | ### **B. Mechanical Properties by Heat Treatment Condition** #### **1. Annealed Condition (Typical Machining State)** - **Hardness:** 179-217 HB (Brinell) - **Tensile Strength:** 585-690 MPa (85-100 ksi) - **Yield Strength (0.2% offset):** 415-550 MPa (60-80 ksi) - **Elongation:** 22-28% - **Reduction of Area:** 55-65% - **Charpy V-Notch Impact:** 80-120 J (59-88 ft-lb) - **Machinability Rating:** 60-65% of B1112 #### **2. Quenched & Tempered Properties (Typical Ranges)** *Heat Treatment: Austenitize 830-850°C, oil quench, temper as specified* | Tempering Temperature | Tensile Strength | Yield Strength | Elongation | Hardness | Impact Energy | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **200°C (390°F)** | 1,240-1,380 MPa | 1,100-1,240 MPa | 12-15% | 38-42 HRC | 35-45 J | | **400°C (750°F)** | 1,070-1,170 MPa | 950-1,070 MPa | 15-18% | 32-36 HRC | 50-65 J | | **540°C (1000°F)** | 930-1,000 MPa | 830-900 MPa | 18-22% | 28-32 HRC | 70-85 J | | **650°C (1200°F)** | 760-830 MPa | 690-760 MPa | 20-25% | 22-26 HRC | 90-110 J | #### **3. Special Properties** - **Hardenability:** Excellent - through-hardens up to 75-100mm (3-4") diameter in oil - **Fatigue Strength:** ~450-500 MPa at 10⁷ cycles (tempered at 540°C, R=-1) - **Fracture Toughness:** Good for its strength level (K_IC ~70-100 MPa√m in tempered condition) - **Low-Temperature Toughness:** Maintains good impact strength down to -40°C (-40°F) - **Notch Sensitivity:** Moderate - lower than higher carbon steels of similar strength --- ## **3. International Standards & Specifications** ### **Primary Governing Standards** | Standard/Organization | Designation | Title/Scope | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **AISI/SAE** | 2330 | Standard grade designation | | **UNS** | G23300 | Unified Numbering System | | **ASTM** | A29/A29M | Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought | | **ASTM** | A322 | Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Alloy, Standard Grades | | **SAE** | J404, J412, J414 | Chemical compositions, hardenability bands, mechanical properties | | **AMS** | - | Various specifications for specific applications | ### **International Equivalents & Cross-References** | Country/Region | Equivalent Designation | Standard | Notes | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **ISO** | - | ISO 683-11 | Similar Ni-Cr steels in this standard | | **European** | **20NiCrMo2-2** | EN 10084 | Approximate equivalent | | **Germany** | **21NiCrMo2** | DIN 17210 | Similar composition and properties | | **United Kingdom** | **En 36** | BS 970 | Similar nickel-chromium steel | | **Japan** | **SNC 836** | JIS G4102 | Similar Ni-Cr steel (slightly different composition) | | **China** | **20CrNi** | GB/T 3077 | Approximate equivalent | | **Russia** | **20ХН** | GOST 4543 | Similar nickel-chromium steel | | **Hardenability Variant** | **2330H** | SAE J1268 | Available with guaranteed hardenability bands | ### **Related Standards for Specific Applications** - **AMS 6320:** For aircraft quality bars and forgings - **MIL-S-6049:** For military applications - **ASTM A331:** For cold-finished alloy steel bars --- ## **4. Product Applications & Industries** ### **Available Product Forms** - **Bar Stock:** Hot-rolled rounds (10-300mm), squares, hexagons - **Cold-Finished Bars:** Turned, ground, and polished to tight tolerances - **Forgings:** Open-die and closed-die forgings - **Billets & Blooms:** For further processing - **Wire Rod:** For cold heading and forming - **Plate:** Limited availability in specific thicknesses ### **Primary Industry Applications** #### **1. Automotive & Transportation** - **Transmission Components:** Gears, pinions, synchronizer hubs - **Drivetrain Parts:** Drive shafts, axle shafts (for heavy-duty applications) - **Engine Components:** Crankshafts, camshafts, connecting rods - **Steering & Suspension:** High-stress linkage components, king pins - **Fasteners:** High-strength bolts, studs, and special fasteners #### **2. Heavy Equipment & Machinery** - **Gear Manufacturing:** Industrial gears for power transmission - **Shafting:** Main drive shafts, jack shafts, line shafts - **Agricultural Equipment:** Tractor transmission components, combine parts - **Construction Machinery:** Excavator and loader components - **Mining Equipment:** Crusher parts, conveyor components #### **3. Aerospace & Defense** - **Aircraft Components:** Non-critical structural parts, landing gear components - **Missile & Rocket Parts:** Structural components requiring good toughness - **Armor Components:** For military vehicles (when properly hardened) - **Helicopter Parts:** Rotor components, transmission parts #### **4. General Manufacturing** - **Machine Tool Components:** Spindles, arbors, tool holders - **Hydraulic Components:** Cylinder rods, piston rods (high-pressure applications) - **Fastener Manufacturing:** Specialized high-strength fasteners - **Tooling:** Jigs, fixtures, dies for moderate service #### **5. Oil & Gas Industry** - **Drilling Components:** Tool joints, drill collar connections - **Valve Components:** High-pressure valve stems and parts - **Pump Components:** Shafts, impellers for demanding services --- ## **5. Heat Treatment Technology** ### **Standard Thermal Processing** #### **1. Annealing (Full Annealing)** - **Temperature:** 830-850°C (1525-1560°F) - **Time:** 1 hour per inch of thickness - **Cooling:** Furnace cool to 550°C (1020°F) at ≤25°C/hour, then air cool - **Purpose:** Softening for machining, grain refinement #### **2. Normalizing** - **Temperature:** 870-900°C (1600-1650°F) - **Time:** 30 minutes per inch - **Cooling:** Still air - **Purpose:** Homogenization, grain refinement #### **3. Hardening (Quenching)** - **Austenitizing:** 815-830°C (1500-1525°F) - **Soak Time:** 20-30 minutes per inch (minimum 30 minutes) - **Quench Medium:** Oil (fast oil preferred) - **Agitation:** Moderate to ensure uniform cooling - **Critical Diameter (50% martensite):** ~75mm (3") in oil #### **4. Tempering** - **Temperature Range:** 200-650°C (400-1200°F) - **Time:** 1-2 hours per inch (minimum 2 hours) - **Cooling:** Air cool (water quenching not recommended) - **Note:** Double tempering often beneficial for dimensional stability ### **Special Heat Treatment Considerations** - **Carburizing:** Can be carburized for case-hardened applications (creates hard wear-resistant surface with tough core) - **Nitriding:** Responds well to nitriding for enhanced surface hardness - **Induction Hardening:** Suitable for selective hardening of surfaces - **Sub-Zero Treatment:** Can be used to transform retained austenite (typically at -70°C/-95°F) --- ## **6. Manufacturing & Fabrication Characteristics** ### **Machinability Assessment** - **Annealed Condition:** 60-65% of B1112 free-machining steel - **Hardened Condition:** 25-35% of B1112 (requires carbide tools) - **Recommended Practices:** - **Turning:** 60-90 m/min (200-300 SFM) with carbide, 30-45 m/min (100-150 SFM) with HSS - **Drilling:** 20-30 m/min (65-100 SFM) with HSS drills - **Milling:** 75-120 m/min (250-400 SFM) with carbide cutters - **Threading:** Use sharp tools, moderate speeds, ample coolant - **Grinding:** Aluminum oxide or CBN wheels with adequate cooling ### **Weldability Characteristics** **Rating: FAIR to POOR (requires precautions)** #### **Welding Recommendations** 1. **Preheat Temperature:** 150-260°C (300-500°F) depending on thickness 2. **Interpass Temperature:** 150-200°C (300-390°F) 3. **Post-Weld Heat Treatment:** Stress relief at 595-650°C (1100-1200°F) recommended 4. **Filler Metals:** Low-hydrogen electrodes (E10018, E11018) or matching composition wire 5. **Processes:** SMAW (stick), GTAW (TIG), GMAW (MIG) with proper techniques 6. **Precautions:** Avoid rapid cooling, consider buttering technique for critical joints ### **Formability & Hot Working** - **Hot Working Temperature:** 1150-900°C (2100-1650°F) - **Forging:** Excellent forgeability with proper temperature control - **Cold Forming:** Limited in annealed condition; not recommended in hardened state - **Bending:** Good bendability in annealed condition --- ## **7. Quality Assurance & Testing** ### **Standard Certification Requirements** 1. **Chemical Analysis:** Heat analysis and product verification 2. **Mechanical Testing:** Tensile, hardness, impact (when specified) 3. **Non-Destructive Testing:** UT, MT, PT as required by specification 4. **Dimensional Inspection:** Per applicable tolerances 5. **Surface Quality:** Free from harmful defects per applicable standards ### **Specialized Testing (When Required)** - **Hardenability Testing:** Jominy end-quench for 2330H variant - **Microstructural Examination:** Grain size, inclusion rating - **Fatigue Testing:** For critical dynamic applications - **Fracture Toughness Testing:** For fracture-critical components ### **Quality Standards Compliance** - **General Industry:** ISO 9001, IATF 16949 (automotive) - **Aerospace:** AS9100, NADCAP accreditation for special processes - **Nuclear:** ASME NCA-3800, 10CFR50 Appendix B --- ## **8. Design & Engineering Guidelines** ### **Advantages of AISI 2330** 1. **Excellent Toughness:** Nickel content provides superior impact resistance 2. **Good Hardenability:** Suitable for larger sections than comparable carbon steels 3. **Versatile Properties:** Wide range of strength-toughness combinations through tempering 4. **Fatigue Resistance:** Good performance under cyclic loading 5. **Low-Temperature Performance:** Maintains toughness at sub-zero temperatures ### **Design Considerations** - **Section Size:** Consider hardenability limitations for through-hardening - **Notch Sensitivity:** Design with adequate fillet radii - **Surface Finishing:** Important for fatigue-critical applications - **Corrosion Protection:** Requires protection in corrosive environments - **Cost vs. Performance:** Balance against lower-alloy alternatives ### **Economic Considerations** - **Material Cost:** Moderate premium over carbon steels - **Processing Cost:** Standard heat treatment requirements - **Total Cost:** Competitive for performance-driven applications - **Availability:** Readily available from major steel producers --- ## **9. Comparative Analysis: 23xx Series Steels** | Grade | C% | Ni% | Cr% | UTS (MPa) | YS (MPa) | Impact Energy | Primary Applications | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **2317** | 0.15-0.20 | 3.25-3.75 | 0.20-0.60 | 620-860 | 415-690 | Very High | Case-hardened gears, high toughness parts | | **2320** | 0.18-0.23 | 3.25-3.75 | 0.45-0.75 | 860-1030 | 690-860 | High | Gears, shafts requiring good core properties | | **2330** | 0.28-0.33 | 3.25-3.75 | 0.45-0.75 | 1030-1380 | 860-1240 | Good | Heavy-duty gears, shafts, high-strength parts | | **2340** | 0.38-0.43 | 3.25-3.75 | 0.45-0.75 | 1380-1720 | 1240-1550 | Moderate | Very high strength components | | **2345** | 0.43-0.48 | 3.25-3.75 | 0.45-0.75 | 1520-1860 | 1380-1720 | Lower | Maximum strength applications | --- ## **10. Special Considerations & Limitations** ### **Corrosion Resistance** - **General:** Similar to low-alloy steels - requires protective coatings - **Atmospheric Corrosion:** Moderate - better than carbon steels but not stainless - **Protection Methods:** Painting, plating, galvanizing as required ### **Temperature Limitations** - **Maximum Service:** 400-425°C (750-800°F) for continuous service - **Short-Term Exposure:** Up to 480°C (900°F) for brief periods - **Cryogenic Service:** Good down to -40°C (-40°F) ### **Environmental Considerations** - **Nickel Content:** May require special considerations for recycling - **Chromium Content:** Hexavalent chromium concerns during welding (use proper ventilation) - **Sustainability:** Fully recyclable at end of life --- ## **Technical Summary & Selection Guidelines** **Select AISI 2330 when:** 1. Good toughness combined with medium to high strength is required 2. Components will experience impact or shock loading 3. Low-temperature service is anticipated 4. Hardenability requirements exceed those of carbon steels 5. Fatigue resistance is important for dynamic applications **Consider Alternatives when:** 1. Maximum strength is the sole requirement (consider 2340 or 2345) 2. Case hardening is primary need (consider 2320) 3. Cost is primary driver (consider 1330 or 1340 with lower alloy content) 4. Corrosion resistance is needed without coatings (consider stainless steels) 5. Very large sections require through-hardening (consider boron steels) --- ## **Future Developments & Market Trends** 1. **Leaner Alloy Variants:** Development of lower-nickel versions for cost reduction 2. **Microalloyed Grades:** Addition of V, Nb, Ti for grain refinement 3. **Clean Steel Technology:** Improved inclusion control for enhanced fatigue life 4. **Additive Manufacturing:** Development of powders for 3D printing applications 5. **Sustainability Initiatives:** Improved recycling processes and lower carbon footprint --- **AISI 2330 (UNS G23300)** represents a well-established, reliable nickel-chromium alloy steel that offers a balanced combination of properties for demanding engineering applications. Its versatility, good hardenability, and excellent toughness make it a preferred choice for critical components across automotive, heavy equipment, and general manufacturing industries. While not the most economical option, its performance characteristics justify its use in applications where reliability, durability, and safety are paramount. Proper application requires understanding its heat treatment response, fabrication characteristics, and performance limitations to fully utilize its capabilities. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 2330 Steel (UNS G23300) Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <4009 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 2330 Steel (UNS G23300) Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of AISI 2330 Steel Tube (UNS G23300) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers AISI 2330 Steel Tube (UNS G23300) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of AISI 2330 Steel Tube (UNS G23300) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Tube drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 480 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition