AK Steel ASTM A 1011, Grade 45 Type 1 Hot Rolled Carbon Steel, Structural Steel (SS)

AK Steel ASTM A 1011, Grade 45 Type 1 Hot Rolled Carbon Steel, Structural Steel (SS) Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AK Steel ASTM A 1011, Grade 45 Type 1 Hot Rolled Carbon Steel, Structural Steel (SS) Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

AK Steel ASTM A 1011, Grade 45 Type 1 Hot Rolled Carbon Steel, Structural Steel (SS) Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: **Product Name:** AK Steel ASTM A1011, Grade 45 Type 1 Hot-Rolled Carbon Steel, Structural Steel (SS) --- ### **1. Overview** AK Steel's ASTM A1011 Grade 45 Type 1 is a premium, higher-strength structural steel sheet and strip designed for applications demanding robust load-bearing capacity combined with superior internal quality and consistency. As a **fully-killed, aluminum-treated (fine-grained)** steel, Type 1 denotes a controlled manufacturing process that yields a homogeneous microstructure. With a minimum yield strength of 45 ksi (310 MPa), this grade provides a significant 25% strength increase over the ubiquitous Grade 36, making it an efficient choice for weight reduction and performance enhancement in structural designs where reliability and fabricability are paramount. --- ### **2. International Standards** This product is manufactured to meet the stringent requirements of the following key standard, with precise adherence to its type and grade classification: * **ASTM A1011 / A1011M:** Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip, Hot-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy and High-Strength Low-Alloy with Improved Formability. * **Grade:** 45 * **Type:** 1 (Aluminum-Killed, Fine-Grained Practice). This designation is critical and indicates a specific quality level beyond basic chemistry and strength requirements. --- ### **3. Chemical Composition (Typical, % by Weight)** The chemistry for Grade 45 Type 1 is engineered to achieve the higher strength while maintaining the benefits of the fine-grained, killed steel practice. Key elements are carefully balanced. | Element | Content (Maximum, unless specified) | Role & Implication | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Carbon (C)** | 0.22% - 0.28% (Typical) | Primary strength contributor. Higher than lower grades, necessitating attention during welding. | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 1.00% - 1.35% | Major strengthening element; enhances hardenability and works in synergy with carbon. | | **Phosphorus (P)** | 0.035% max | Residual; kept low for ductility and weldability. | | **Sulfur (S)** | 0.035% max | Residual; controlled for weld integrity. | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.10% - 0.30% | Essential deoxidizer; contributes to strength. | | **Aluminum (Al), Total** | **0.010% min (typically 0.015-0.060%)** | **Defining for Type 1.** Primary grain refiner. Ensures a fine, uniform austenite grain size during rolling, which translates to improved toughness, ductility, and more consistent mechanical properties in all directions. | | **Copper (Cu)** | 0.20% min (when specified) | Optional for enhanced atmospheric corrosion resistance. | **Key Distinction (Type 1):** The mandatory aluminum addition for grain refinement is the hallmark. This results in a finer, more isotropic microstructure compared to non-killed or rimmed steels, providing superior toughness and formability for its strength level. --- ### **4. Physical & Mechanical Properties** Properties reflect the combination of higher carbon-manganese strength and the benefits of fine-grain practice. The material exhibits excellent consistency. | Property | Specification Minimum (ASTM A1011 for Grade 45) | Typical Value / Description | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Yield Strength (min)** | 45 ksi (310 MPa) | Often consistent across the coil/plate. | | **Tensile Strength** | 60 ksi min (415 MPa) | Typically ranges from 60 - 80 ksi (415 - 550 MPa). | | **Yield-to-Tensile Ratio** | ~0.75 - 0.85 | Efficient use of material strength. | | **Elongation in 2" (min)** | 18% - 20% (varies with thickness) | Good ductility is maintained despite the higher strength, a benefit of the fine-grained structure. | | **Modulus of Elasticity** | 29,000 ksi (200 GPa) | | | **Notch Toughness** | **Very Good.** The fine-grained microstructure provides better resistance to brittle fracture than similarly-strengthened non-killed steels. | Particularly important for dynamic or impact-loaded structures. | | **Surface Finish** | Standard hot-rolled mill finish with uniform scale. | Requires descaling for finishing. | --- ### **5. Key Features & Advantages** * **Higher Strength with Good Toughness:** The 45 ksi minimum yield strength offers substantial load capacity, while the fine-grained Al-killed structure ensures adequate notch toughness and resistance to brittle fracture. * **Superior Internal Quality & Consistency:** The fully killed process minimizes porosity and segregation, resulting in homogeneous properties and predictable performance in all forming directions (reduced anisotropy). * **Excellent Formability for its Strength:** Maintains better elongation and bendability than expected for its yield strength, allowing for more reliable fabrication of complex parts. * **Improved Weldability (for its strength level):** While its carbon equivalent requires care, the fine grain structure improves the toughness of the weld heat-affected zone (HAZ) compared to coarse-grained steels of similar chemistry. * **Reliable Structural Performance:** Provides a dependable and consistent material for calculated designs where safety factors are critical. --- ### **6. Product Applications** ASTM A1011 Grade 45 Type 1 is selected for demanding structural applications where strength, reliability, and fabricability intersect. * **Heavy Construction & Infrastructure:** Building columns, heavy trusses, crane runway beams, and base plates for high-rise structures. * **Bridge Components:** Girders, diaphragms, and other primary or secondary load-bearing members. * **Mining & Heavy Equipment:** Excavator booms, loader frames, mining truck chassis, and crusher components. * **Material Handling:** Heavy-duty conveyor structures, large lifting beams, and the framework for automated storage/retrieval systems. * **Agricultural Machinery:** High-stress components in large combines, tractors, and tillage equipment. * **Energy Sector:** Support structures for power generation equipment, transmission towers, and wind turbine internal frames. --- ### **7. Fabrication & Processing Notes** * **Descaling:** Essential. Mill scale must be removed via pickling or abrasive blasting prior to welding or painting. * **Forming:** Capable of cold forming and bending. Due to higher strength, larger bend radii are required (e.g., 2t minimum is common). The fine-grained structure aids in uniform deformation. * **Welding:** **Requires controlled procedures.** Use of low-hydrogen electrodes (E7018, E71T-1) and processes is mandatory. Preheating in the range of 150-250°F (65-120°C) is typically required for sections over 0.75" thick or for highly restrained joints to prevent hydrogen-induced (cold) cracking. Post-weld heat treatment may be necessary for thick sections. * **Machining:** Machines adequately with proper tooling and coolants. Higher strength may result in increased tool wear compared to softer grades. --- **Disclaimer:** *This profile is a technical summary. AK Steel is now part of Cleveland-Cliffs Inc.* For all engineering, design, and fabrication activities, it is imperative to consult the latest **ASTM A1011** standard and the certified **Mill Test Report (MTR)** or **Technical Data Sheet** from the producer. These documents contain the legally binding specifications for chemistry, mechanical properties (which can vary between CS and SS designations), and tolerances for your specific material lot. Always perform procedure qualification for welding. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AK Steel ASTM A 1011, Grade 45 Type 1 Hot Rolled Carbon Steel, Structural Steel (SS) Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <4586 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AK Steel ASTM A 1011, Grade 45 Type 1 Hot Rolled Carbon Steel, Structural Steel (SS) Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of AK Steel ASTM A 1011, Grade 45 Type 1 Hot Rolled Carbon Steel, Structural Steel (SS) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers AK Steel ASTM A 1011, Grade 45 Type 1 Hot Rolled Carbon Steel, Structural Steel (SS) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of AK Steel ASTM A 1011, Grade 45 Type 1 Hot Rolled Carbon Steel, Structural Steel (SS) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 1057 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition