AK Steel ASTM A 1018, Grade 36 Type 1 and 2 Hot Rolled Carbon Steel, Structural Steel (SS)

AK Steel ASTM A 1018, Grade 36 Type 1 and 2 Hot Rolled Carbon Steel, Structural Steel (SS) Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AK Steel ASTM A 1018, Grade 36 Type 1 and 2 Hot Rolled Carbon Steel, Structural Steel (SS) Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

AK Steel ASTM A 1018, Grade 36 Type 1 and 2 Hot Rolled Carbon Steel, Structural Steel (SS) Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: **Product Name:** AK Steel ASTM A1018, Grade 36 (Type 1 & Type 2) Hot-Rolled Carbon Steel, Structural Steel (SS) --- ### **1. Overview** AK Steel's ASTM A1018 Grade 36, available in both **Type 1** and **Type 2**, represents a class of **normalized** or controlled-processed hot-rolled structural steels. These grades are distinguished from standard ASTM A1011 Grade 36 by a mandatory heat treatment (normalizing) that refines the grain structure, resulting in superior and more consistent mechanical properties, enhanced notch toughness, and improved internal soundness. The **Type 1** and **Type 2** classifications define the specific grain-refining practice used to achieve this fine-grained condition. With a minimum yield strength of 36 ksi (250 MPa), these steels are engineered for critical structural, pressure vessel, and construction applications where material reliability, uniformity, and toughness are paramount. --- ### **2. International Standards** This product conforms to the following specification, which mandates both strength and grain refinement requirements: * **ASTM A1018 / A1018M:** Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip, Heavy-Thickness Coils, Hot-Rolled, Carbon, Commercial, Drawing, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy, and High-Strength Low-Alloy with Improved Formability, Grade 36. * **Type 1:** Steel made to a fine austenitic grain size practice using **Aluminum** as the primary grain refiner. * **Type 2:** Steel made to a fine austenitic grain size practice using other grain refiners, such as **Niobium (Columbium), Vanadium, or Titanium**, or a combination thereof. * Both types require **normalizing** or an equivalent controlled processing after hot rolling. --- ### **3. Chemical Composition (Typical, % by Weight)** The key difference between Type 1 and Type 2 lies in their grain-refining elements, while both share a base chemistry optimized for normalization. | Element | Type 1 (Aluminum-Killed) | Type 2 (Microalloyed) | Role & Implication | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Carbon (C)** | 0.20% - 0.26% max | 0.18% - 0.25% max | Provides base strength. Often slightly lower in Type 2 to compensate for microalloy strengthening. | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.80% - 1.20% | 0.90% - 1.35% | Primary strengthener. Higher in Type 2 to work with microalloys. | | **Phosphorus (P)** | 0.035% max | 0.035% max | Residual; kept low. | | **Sulfur (S)** | 0.035% max | 0.035% max | Residual; kept low. | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.10% - 0.30% | 0.10% - 0.40% | Deoxidizer. | | **Aluminum (Al), Total** | **0.010% min (Key Element)** | May be present (for deoxidation) | **Type 1 Definer:** Primary grain refiner via AlN precipitation. | | **Niobium (Nb)** | Typically not added | **0.005% - 0.05%** | **Type 2 Definer:** Provides grain refinement and precipitation strengthening. | | **Vanadium (V)** | Typically not added | **0.01% - 0.08%** | **Type 2 Definer:** Provides potent precipitation strengthening. | | **Process:** | **Normalized** | **Normalized** | Both types are heat treated to refine the austenite grain size, resulting in a uniform, fine ferrite-pearlite microstructure. | --- ### **4. Physical & Mechanical Properties** Both types meet the same minimum strength requirements, but their microstructures offer nuanced performance benefits. | Property | Specification Minimum (ASTM A1018 Grade 36) | Type 1 Typical Profile | Type 2 Typical Profile | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Yield Strength (min)** | 36 ksi (250 MPa) | Consistent, typically 38-45 ksi. | Consistent, often 40-50 ksi with potential for higher through-thickness strength. | | **Tensile Strength** | 53 ksi min (365 MPa) | 53-70 ksi. | 55-75 ksi. | | **Elongation in 2" (min)** | 20% (for thickness ≥ 0.23 in.) | Good, ~20-25%. | Good, ~18-23%. | | **Key Distinguishing Feature** | **Superior & Consistent Toughness** | Excellent isotropic toughness from fine Al-killed grains. Stable properties in all directions. | Exceptional toughness with slightly higher strength. Microalloys provide excellent grain-pinning for thermal stability (e.g., during welding). | | **Notch Toughness (Charpy V-Notch)** | Excellent (inherent to normalized, fine-grained steel). | Very good, consistent. | Often superior, especially at lower temperatures, due to precipitation effects. | | **Weldability** | Very Good | Excellent due to fine, stable grain structure. | Excellent; microalloys often allow for lower carbon, improving HAZ toughness. | --- ### **5. Key Features & Advantages** * **Guaranteed Toughness & Homogeneity:** The normalization process is the primary advantage, ensuring a uniform, refined grain structure that delivers exceptional impact resistance and consistent mechanical properties throughout the coil/plate. * **Superior Weldability with Stable HAZ:** Both types provide a stable base for welding. The pre-existing fine grain structure minimizes grain growth in the heat-affected zone, leading to a tougher weld area. * **Ideal for Thick Sections & Heavy Fabrication:** ASTM A1018 is designed for heavier gauges. Normalization eliminates the property gradients (center-to-surface) common in thick as-rolled plate, ensuring uniform performance. * **Code Compliance & Reliability:** Routinely specified in ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, API standards, and critical structural codes where **normalized material** is required for proven performance and safety. * **Choice of Metallurgy:** **Type 1** offers excellent, isotropic formability and consistency. **Type 2** offers potentially higher strength-to-weight and exceptional low-temperature toughness. --- ### **6. Product Applications** These steels are specified for demanding applications where failure is not an option and material consistency is critical. * **Pressure Vessels & Boilers:** Shells, heads, nozzles, and supports for industrial boilers, heat exchangers, and storage tanks (ASME construction). * **Critical Structural Members:** Building columns, crane runway girders, bridge components, and offshore platform nodes subject to dynamic loads. * **Heavy Mining & Construction Equipment:** Excavator booms, shovel dipper arms, and heavy-duty machine bases. * **Wind Energy:** Tower flanges and structural sections where through-thickness properties and toughness are vital. * **Shipbuilding & Barge Construction:** Hull plating and structural members requiring certified toughness. --- ### **7. Fabrication & Processing Notes** * **Descaling:** Mill scale removal (blasting, pickling) is required prior to welding or high-quality painting. * **Forming:** Excellent for cold forming. The normalized condition provides predictable springback and uniform ductility. * **Welding:** Highly weldable. Standard low-hydrogen procedures (SMAW with E7018, GMAW, FCAW) are recommended. Preheat is generally not required for moderate thicknesses due to the favorable microstructure. * **Post-Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT):** Often not required, as the base metal is already normalized. However, PWHT may be mandated by specific codes for severe service or to relieve fabrication stresses in complex weldments. * **Thermal Cutting:** Plasma, laser, and oxy-fuel cutting are all applicable. --- **Disclaimer:** *This profile is a technical summary. AK Steel is now part of Cleveland-Cliffs Inc.* For all engineering and procurement, it is imperative to consult the latest official **ASTM A1018** standard and the certified **Mill Test Report (MTR)**. The MTR will specify the **Type (1 or 2)**, confirm the **normalized condition**, and provide the actual chemistry and mechanical properties. **Type selection (1 vs. 2) should be based on specific design requirements, such as required toughness level, welding procedures, and final fabrication steps.** -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AK Steel ASTM A 1018, Grade 36 Type 1 and 2 Hot Rolled Carbon Steel, Structural Steel (SS) Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <4591 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AK Steel ASTM A 1018, Grade 36 Type 1 and 2 Hot Rolled Carbon Steel, Structural Steel (SS) Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of AK Steel ASTM A 1018, Grade 36 Type 1 and 2 Hot Rolled Carbon Steel, Structural Steel (SS) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers AK Steel ASTM A 1018, Grade 36 Type 1 and 2 Hot Rolled Carbon Steel, Structural Steel (SS) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of AK Steel ASTM A 1018, Grade 36 Type 1 and 2 Hot Rolled Carbon Steel, Structural Steel (SS) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 1062 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition