ASTM A514 Steel Sheet,Plate, grade P

ASTM A514 Steel Sheet/Plate, grade P, plate thickness ≤ 19 mm Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A514 Steel Sheet/Plate, grade P, plate thickness ≤ 19 mm Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

ASTM A514 Steel, grade P, plate thickness ≤ 19 mm Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **ASTM A514 Grade P Steel Plate (≤19mm thickness) - Technical Data Sheet** ## **1. Product Overview** **ASTM A514 Grade P** is a **high-strength, quenched and tempered alloy steel plate** specifically designed for applications requiring exceptional strength-to-weight ratios in construction and heavy equipment manufacturing. When supplied in thicknesses ≤19mm (0.75 inches), this material achieves optimal mechanical properties through controlled heat treatment processes, making it ideal for structural components where weight reduction and durability are critical. This grade represents one of the **highest strength structural steels** commercially available, with minimum yield strength of 690 MPa (100 ksi) combined with good weldability and toughness. The "P" designation indicates it meets supplementary requirements for notch toughness, making it suitable for fracture-critical applications in demanding environments. --- ## **2. Chemical Composition (ASTM A514/A514M)** | Element | Composition Range (%) | Metallurgical Function | |---------|----------------------|------------------------| | **Carbon (C)** | 0.12 - 0.21 | Provides strength while maintaining weldability and toughness | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.95 - 1.30 | Enhances hardenability and strength; improves hot workability | | **Phosphorus (P)** | ≤ 0.035 | Impurity; strictly controlled for improved toughness | | **Sulfur (S)** | ≤ 0.040 | Impurity; controlled for better through-thickness properties | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.40 - 0.80 | Deoxidizer; provides solid solution strengthening | | **Chromium (Cr)** | 0.40 - 0.65 | Enhances hardenability and atmospheric corrosion resistance | | **Molybdenum (Mo)** | 0.15 - 0.25 | Improves hardenability and high-temperature strength | | **Vanadium (V)** | 0.03 - 0.08 | Grain refiner; provides precipitation strengthening | | **Boron (B)** | 0.0005 - 0.005 | Significant hardenability enhancer at minimal addition | | **Nickel (Ni)** | ≤ 0.25 (max) | Residual; may be present but not intentionally added | | **Copper (Cu)** | ≤ 0.35 (max) | Residual; may be present but not intentionally added | | **Iron (Fe)** | Balance | Base metal | **Key Characteristics for ≤19mm Thickness:** - Optimized chemistry for through-thickness properties in thinner sections - Enhanced toughness due to faster cooling rates during quenching - Reduced risk of segregation and anisotropy - Improved weldability compared to thicker sections --- ## **3. Physical & Mechanical Properties (≤19mm thickness)** ### **Mandatory Mechanical Properties (ASTM A514):** | Property | Minimum Requirement | Typical Range | Test Standard | |----------|---------------------|---------------|---------------| | **Yield Strength (0.2% offset)** | 690 MPa (100 ksi) | 700-850 MPa | ASTM A370 | | **Tensile Strength** | 760-895 MPa (110-130 ksi) | 780-900 MPa | ASTM A370 | | **Elongation (in 50mm/2")** | 18% minimum | 18-22% | ASTM A370 | | **Reduction of Area** | 40% minimum | 45-55% | ASTM A370 | ### **Impact Toughness Requirements:** | Test Temperature | Minimum Charpy V-Notch Impact Energy | |-----------------|--------------------------------------| | **-18°C (0°F)** | 27 J (20 ft-lbf) minimum | | **-32°C (-25°F)** | 27 J (20 ft-lbf) minimum (when specified) | | **-46°C (-50°F)** | 27 J (20 ft-lbf) minimum (when specified) | ### **Typical Properties for ≤19mm Plate:** - **Hardness:** 235-293 HB (22-30 HRC) - **Modulus of Elasticity:** 205 GPa (29,700 ksi) - **Shear Modulus:** 80 GPa (11,600 ksi) - **Poisson's Ratio:** 0.29 - **Fatigue Strength:** 330-380 MPa at 10⁷ cycles (polished, R=-1) - **Fracture Toughness (K₁C):** 120-160 MPa√m at room temperature ### **Physical Properties:** - **Density:** 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³) - **Melting Point:** 1480-1520°C (2695-2770°F) - **Thermal Conductivity:** 42.5 W/m·K at 100°C - **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion:** 11.8 μm/m·°C (20-100°C) - **Specific Heat:** 460 J/kg·K at 20°C ### **Advantages of ≤19mm Thickness:** 1. **Uniform properties** through entire thickness 2. **Excellent through-thickness ductility** (Z-direction properties) 3. **Reduced residual stresses** from quenching 4. **Better weldability** with lower preheat requirements 5. **Superior fatigue performance** due to lower stress concentration factors --- ## **4. Manufacturing & Heat Treatment** ### **Production Process for Thin Plate (≤19mm):** 1. **Steelmaking:** Electric arc furnace with ladle refining 2. **Continuous Casting:** Slab production with controlled cooling 3. **Hot Rolling:** Controlled temperature rolling to final thickness 4. **Quenching:** Accelerated water quenching from 870-925°C 5. **Tempering:** 540-680°C to achieve required strength/toughness balance 6. **Ultrasonic Testing:** 100% examination for internal quality ### **Heat Treatment Specifics for Thin Plate:** - **Austenitizing Temperature:** 900-925°C (1650-1700°F) - **Quenching Medium:** High-pressure water spray - **Cooling Rate:** >50°C/second through transformation range - **Tempering Range:** 600-650°C (1110-1200°F) typical - **Resulting Microstructure:** Tempered martensite with fine carbides ### **Special Considerations for ≤19mm:** - **Reduced distortion** during quenching compared to thicker plates - **Faster quench rates** enable use of water instead of oil - **Lower tempering temperatures** required for same hardness - **Minimal property gradient** through thickness --- ## **5. Product Applications** ### **Construction & Infrastructure:** - **High-rise building** core columns and transfer girders - **Long-span bridges** and bridge components - **Crane runways** and support structures - **Transmission towers** and electrical substations - **Offshore platform** modules and decks ### **Heavy Equipment & Mining:** - **Excavator** booms, arms, and chassis components - **Mining truck** frames and body structures - **Crane** booms and outrigger pads - **Shovel** dipper handles and crowd decks - **Dragline** components and support structures ### **Transportation Equipment:** - **Railcar** underframes and coupler yokes - **Heavy trailer** frames and goosenecks - **Mobile crane** carriers and outriggers - **Military vehicle** armor support structures ### **Material Handling:** - **Stacker/reclaimer** booms and portal frames - **Conveyor** trusses and support structures - **Ship loader** components - **Heavy-duty storage racks** ### **Energy Sector:** - **Wind turbine** towers and foundations - **Hydroelectric** gate structures and penstocks - **Nuclear plant** support structures - **Transformer** support frames ### **Why ≤19mm Thickness is Selected:** - **Weight-critical** structures where every kilogram matters - **Complex fabrication** requiring formed or welded components - **Fatigue-sensitive** applications with cyclic loading - **Mobile equipment** where payload capacity is critical - **Architectural applications** requiring slender members --- ## **6. Welding & Fabrication** ### **Welding Characteristics (≤19mm):** - **Preheat Temperature:** 65-120°C (150-250°F) typically required - **Interpass Temperature:** 65-200°C (150-400°F) maximum - **Post-Weld Heat Treatment:** Generally not required for ≤19mm - **Heat Input Control:** 1.0-2.0 kJ/mm recommended ### **Recommended Welding Processes:** | Process | Electrode/Consumable | Notes | |---------|----------------------|-------| | **SMAW (Stick)** | E11018-M, E12018-M | For field welding, repair | | **FCAW (Flux-Cored)** | E110T5-K3, E120T5-K4 | High deposition, all-position | | **GMAW (MIG)** | ER110S-G, ER120S-G | For semi-automatic production | | **SAW (Submerged Arc)** | F11A8-ECM2-B2H4 | For long, straight seams | | **GTAW (TIG)** | ER110S-G, ER120S-G | For root passes, critical joints | ### **Fabrication Guidelines:** - **Cold Forming:** Possible with radius ≥4× thickness - **Hot Forming:** Recommended for tight radii; heat to 900-1100°C - **Cutting:** Plasma, laser, or waterjet preferred; oxy-fuel with caution - **Drilling/Tapping:** Use carbide tools with adequate cooling - **Machining:** Reduced speeds/feeds compared to mild steel --- ## **7. International Standards & Equivalents** ### **Primary Standards:** | Standard | Designation | Title | |----------|-------------|-------| | **ASTM** | **A514/A514M** | Standard Specification for High-Yield-Strength, Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Plate, Suitable for Welding | | **ASTM** | **A6/A6M** | Standard Specification for General Requirements for Rolled Structural Steel Bars, Plates, Shapes, and Sheet Piling | ### **Global Equivalent Grades:** | Country/Region | Standard | Equivalent Grade | Notes | |----------------|----------|-----------------|-------| | **International (ISO)** | ISO 4950-3 | **E690Q** | Grade 690, quality Q | | **Europe (EN)** | EN 10025-6 | **S690Q** | Yield strength 690 MPa | | **Germany** | DIN EN 10025-6 | **S690Q** | Direct equivalent | | **Japan** | JIS G3128 | **SHY685** | Similar properties | | **China** | GB/T 16270 | **Q690D/E** | Grades D/E for toughness | | **Canada** | CSA G40.21 | **690W** | Category W (welding) | ### **Related Specifications:** - **AWS D1.1/D1.8:** Structural Welding Code - **AISC 360:** Specification for Structural Steel Buildings - **API 2H:** Specification for Carbon Manganese Steel Plate - **MIL-S-23786:** Military Specification for Steel Plate --- ## **8. Quality Control & Testing** ### **Mandatory Testing (per ASTM A514):** 1. **Chemical Analysis:** Per heat (ASTM A751) 2. **Tensile Testing:** One test per plate (ASTM A370) 3. **Impact Testing:** Three Charpy V-notch specimens (ASTM A673, Frequency H) 4. **Hardness Testing:** Optional but commonly performed (ASTM E18) ### **Additional Testing for ≤19mm Plate:** - **Ultrasonic Testing:** Per ASTM A578/A435 for internal quality - **Surface Inspection:** Visual and dimensional checks - **Flatness Measurement:** Per ASTM A6 requirements - **Through-Thickness Testing:** Optional for critical applications ### **Certification Requirements:** - **Mill Test Certificate:** 2.1 or 3.1 per EN 10204 - **Traceability:** Heat number to specific plates - **Test Reports:** Complete mechanical and chemical data - **Compliance Statements:** To all specified requirements --- ## **9. Design Considerations** ### **Structural Design Values (≤19mm):** | Loading Condition | Allowable Stress | Safety Factor | Code Reference | |-------------------|-----------------|---------------|----------------| | **Tension (on gross area)** | 415 MPa | 1.67 | AISC 360 | | **Tension (on net area)** | 483 MPa | 1.67 | AISC 360 | | **Shear** | 250 MPa | 1.67 | AISC 360 | | **Bearing** | 1.2Fu = 1034 MPa | 2.00 | AISC 360 | | **Fatigue (Category B)** | 165 MPa at 2×10⁶ cycles | Variable | AISC 360 | ### **Advantages for Structural Design:** 1. **Weight Reduction:** Up to 50% compared to A36 steel for same load 2. **Smaller Sections:** Reduced member sizes for architectural appeal 3. **Increased Spans:** Longer unsupported lengths possible 4. **Reduced Foundation Costs:** Lower dead loads on supports ### **Limitations & Considerations:** - **Higher cost per kilogram** but often lower total project cost - **Specialized fabrication** expertise required - **Stricter welding procedures** must be followed - **Brittle fracture** considerations in cold environments - **Fatigue design** more critical due to higher stresses --- ## **10. Technical Performance** ### **Fatigue Characteristics:** - **Endurance Limit:** Approximately 45% of tensile strength - **Notch Sensitivity:** Moderate to high - **Surface Finish Effect:** Significant; machined surfaces improve fatigue life - **Weld Detail Categories:** Typically Category B or C depending on detail ### **Fracture Toughness:** - **Transition Temperature:** Typically below -40°C - **CTOD Values:** 0.15-0.25mm at design temperature - **Crack Arrest Capability:** Good when properly specified ### **Corrosion Resistance:** - **Atmospheric Corrosion:** Similar to carbon steel (requires protection) - **Weathering Grades:** Available with improved atmospheric corrosion resistance - **Coatings:** Excellent paint adhesion with proper surface preparation --- ## **11. Economic Considerations** ### **Cost Factors:** | Factor | Impact | Typical Range | |--------|--------|---------------| | **Material Cost** | Higher than conventional steels | 2.0-2.5× A36 price | | **Fabrication Cost** | Slightly higher due to special procedures | +10-20% | | **Transportation Cost** | Lower due to reduced weight | -30-50% | | **Foundation Cost** | Lower due to reduced loads | -20-40% | | **Total Project Cost** | Often lower for optimized designs | -5-15% | ### **Life Cycle Benefits:** - **Reduced maintenance** due to fewer components - **Extended service life** through superior fatigue resistance - **Adaptability** for future modifications - **Sustainability** through material efficiency --- ## **12. Storage, Handling & Protection** ### **Storage Recommendations:** - **Indoor Storage:** Preferred to prevent rust - **Outdoor Storage:** Elevate from ground, cover with tarpaulins - **Stacking:** Use timber dunnage between plates - **Handling:** Use non-marring slings and equipment ### **Surface Protection:** - **Temporary:** Rust preventive oils or coatings - **Permanent:** Blast cleaning to Sa 2½ followed by painting - **Galvanizing:** Possible with proper procedures (preheat/post-treat) ### **Quality Preservation:** - **Shelf Life:** 6 months unprotected, indefinite with protection - **Inspection:** Regular checks for rust or damage - **Re-cleaning:** May be required before fabrication if stored long-term --- **Technical Significance:** ASTM A514 Grade P plate in thicknesses ≤19mm represents an optimal balance between ultra-high strength and fabricability. The thinner gauge allows for full exploitation of the quenched and tempered microstructure while minimizing issues common in thicker high-strength plates, such as through-thickness anisotropy and welding complications. This makes it particularly valuable for weight-critical structures where both performance and constructability are paramount. **Revision:** 1.1 **Date:** October 2023 **Disclaimer:** This technical data is for informational purposes. Actual properties may vary based on specific manufacturing processes, heat treatment parameters, and plate dimensions. Always consult with material suppliers and conduct application-specific testing for critical applications. Welding procedures must be qualified for the specific application and plate thickness. Design values should be verified against applicable building codes and standards. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A514 Steel, grade P, plate thickness ≤ 19 mm Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <4122 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A514 Steel, grade P, plate thickness ≤ 19 mm Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of ASTM A514 Steel Sheet,Plate, grade P, plate thickness ≤ 19 mm -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers ASTM A514 Steel Sheet,Plate, grade P, plate thickness ≤ 19 mm -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of ASTM A514 Steel Sheet/Plate, grade P, plate thickness ≤ 19 mm -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Sheet/Plate drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 593 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition