AISI 1012 Steel, hot rolled

AISI 1012 Steel, hot rolled bar, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round or thickness Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1012 Steel, hot rolled bar, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round or thickness Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

AISI 1012 Steel, hot rolled bar, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round or thickness Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ## **Product Specification: AISI 1012 Low Carbon Steel, Hot-Rolled Bar** ### **Product Designation** * **Standard Name:** AISI 1012 / SAE 1012 * **UNS Number:** G10120 * **Condition:** **Hot-Rolled (As-Rolled)** * **Product Form:** **Round Bar** (or equivalent thickness in other sections) * **Size Range:** **19 mm to 32 mm (0.75 inch to 1.25 inch)** in diameter or thickness * **Surface:** Characteristic dark, adherent mill scale. * **Key Feature:** An economical, medium-strength mild steel with **good inherent machinability**, suitable for general fabrication, forging, and as stock for further processing. ### **Overview** AISI 1012 hot-rolled bar is a versatile and commonly available low-carbon steel in its most basic mill form. The hot-rolling process provides sound internal structure and consistent mechanical properties within the 19-32 mm cross-section. With a carbon content slightly higher than 1010, it offers a noticeable improvement in strength and, importantly, better machinability due to more favorable chip formation. It serves as a cost-effective raw material for a wide range of industrial applications where final dimensions and surface finish will be achieved through subsequent machining, forging, or fabrication. --- ### **1. Chemical Composition (Typical % by Weight, AISI/SAE Standard)** | Element | Content (%) | Role & Effect | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Carbon (C)** | 0.10 - 0.15 | The primary differentiator. Provides a solid base for strength and significantly improves machinability over lower-carbon grades (1008, 1010) by reducing material "gumminess." | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.30 - 0.60 | Enhances strength and hardenability slightly. | | **Phosphorus (P)** | 0.040 max | Impurity; controlled. | | **Sulfur (S)** | 0.050 max | Impurity; can be present at levels that mildly aid machinability. | | **Iron (Fe)** | Balance | Primary constituent. | --- ### **2. Physical & Mechanical Properties (Hot-Rolled Condition, 19-32 mm)** **A. Physical Properties** * **Density:** 7.87 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³) * **Elastic Modulus (E):** 200 GPa (29,000 ksi) * **Poisson's Ratio:** 0.29 * **Thermal Conductivity:** ~60 W/m·K * **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion:** 11.7 x 10⁻⁶ /K * **Magnetic Properties:** Strongly ferromagnetic. **B. Mechanical Properties (Typical, As-Hot-Rolled)** *Properties are generally uniform in all directions.* * **Yield Strength (0.2% Offset):** 290 - 385 MPa (42 - 56 ksi) * **Tensile Strength:** 420 - 530 MPa (61 - 77 ksi) * **Elongation in 50 mm:** **18% - 28%** (Good ductility) * **Hardness (Brinell):** 115 - 160 HB * **Surface Finish:** Covered in a tenacious mill scale that must be removed for most finishing operations (painting, plating) or precision welding. * **Dimensional Tolerance:** Meets standard commercial hot-rolled bar tolerances (e.g., ASTM A29), suitable for general use but not for precision applications without machining. * **Machinability:** **Good.** Superior to 1008 and 1010 hot-rolled. The carbon content promotes shorter, more manageable chips, making it a preferred hot-rolled grade for parts requiring significant machining. * **Hardenability:** **Very Low.** Cannot be through-hardened. A good candidate for **case hardening (carburizing)**. --- ### **3. Product Applications** Hot-rolled AISI 1012 bar is a staple for general manufacturing where strength, machinability, and cost are balanced. * **Forging Stock:** An excellent and popular material for hot-forged parts like levers, linkages, hooks, and hand tools, where the improved machinability of 1012 is beneficial for post-forge trimming or machining. * **Machined Parts (After Descaling):** Components such as bushings, flanges, spacers, and brackets where the final dimensions are achieved by machining away the scaled surface. * **General Fabrication & Structures:** Frames, supports, base plates, and brackets in agricultural equipment, material handling, and light structural applications. * **Shafts and Pins (Non-Critical):** Axles, pivot pins, and rollers for light-duty applications where high precision is not required. * **Construction & Hardware:** Anchor bolts, tie rods, and raw material for standard fasteners. * **Case Hardening Substrate:** Commonly used for parts that will be carburized, such as gears, camshafts, and wear surfaces, benefiting from its tough, low-carbon core. --- ### **4. International Standards & Designations** | Standard System | Designation | Notes / Key Comparison | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **SAE / AISI (USA)** | **SAE 1012 / AISI 1012** | The standard grade designation. | | **UNS (USA)** | **G10120** | Unified Numbering System. | | **ASTM (USA)** | **ASTM A36** (Structural), **ASTM A575** (Merchant Quality), **ASTM A576** (Special Quality) | Often supplied under these broader ASTM specifications which cover similar property ranges. Grade 1015 or 1020 may be substituted. | | **DIN / EN (Germany/EU)** | **S235JR (1.0038), C15 (1.0401)** | **S235JR** is the common structural steel equivalent. **C15** is a quality steel for heat treatment with similar carbon content. | | **JIS (Japan)** | **SS400, S12C** | **SS400** for structural use; **S12C** (JIS G4051) is the direct equivalent for steel bars. | | **GB (China)** | **Q235B, 15** | **Q235B** is the dominant structural steel equivalent. **15** is a grade for quality carbon structural steel. | | **ISO** | **ISO 630-2: E235B, ISO 683-1: C15E** | E235B for structural steel; C15E for engineering steel. | --- ### **Key Processing Notes** 1. **Scale Removal:** Essential for painting, plating, or precision welding. Achieved via abrasive blasting, pickling, or machining. 2. **Weldability:** **Excellent.** No pre-heat or post-heat treatment required for most processes. 3. **Cold Bending/Forming:** Good formability. Mill scale will crack and spall during bending. 4. **Machining Advantage:** When comparing hot-rolled grades for a job requiring extensive machining, 1012 will typically offer better tool life and chip control than 1008 or 1010. 5. **Case Hardening:** A highly valuable attribute. The steel is readily carburized to create a hard, wear-resistant surface while the core remains tough. ### **Summary** **AISI 1012 hot-rolled bar (19-32 mm) is a practical and widely used grade that offers a distinct advantage in machinability within the family of economical hot-rolled mild steels.** It provides a reliable increase in strength over 1010 and is often the preferred choice for applications involving both fabrication and machining, or as a forging stock where post-forge machinability is important. While it lacks the precision and finish of cold-drawn products, its combination of properties, availability, and low cost makes it a fundamental material in workshops, foundries, and fabricators worldwide. Its specifications align with common international standards such as **ASTM A36, EN S235JR, and GB Q235B**. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1012 Steel, hot rolled bar, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round or thickness Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <4747 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1012 Steel, hot rolled bar, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round or thickness Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of AISI 1012 Steel, hot rolled bar, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round or thickness -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers AISI 1012 Steel, hot rolled bar, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round or thickness -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of AISI 1012 Steel, hot rolled bar, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round or thickness -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 1218 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition