AISI 1018 Steel, cold drawn

AISI 1018 Steel, cold drawn Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1018 Steel, cold drawn Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

AISI 1018 Steel, cold drawn Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **Product Specification: AISI 1018 Low Carbon Steel, Cold-Drawn Bar** ## **Product Identification** * **Standard Designation:** AISI 1018 / SAE 1018 * **UNS Number:** G10180 * **Condition:** Cold-Drawn (Bright Drawn) * **Common Forms:** Round, Hexagonal, Square, Flat Bar; Wire * **Key Feature:** Industry-standard low-carbon steel with excellent balance of strength, machinability, and case hardenability in cold-worked condition ## **Overview** AISI 1018 cold-drawn steel represents one of the most widely utilized and versatile materials in precision manufacturing. As the workhorse of the 10xx series, it provides an optimal combination of moderate carbon content (0.15-0.20%) for strength and machinability with excellent response to cold working. The cold-drawing process transforms hot-rolled stock into a premium product characterized by bright surface finish, tight dimensional tolerances, and significantly enhanced mechanical properties through strain hardening. This material is the benchmark for screw machine products, precision components, and applications requiring reliable performance with excellent manufacturability. --- ## **1. Chemical Composition (Weight %, AISI/SAE Standard)** | Element | Content (%) | Metallurgical Significance | |---------|-------------|----------------------------| | **Carbon (C)** | 0.15 - 0.20 | Optimal for machinability and case hardening response | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.60 - 0.90 | Enhanced hardenability and strength over 1015/1017 | | **Phosphorus (P)** | ≤ 0.040 | Impurity control for improved cold workability | | **Sulfur (S)** | ≤ 0.050 | Standard impurity level, can aid machinability | | **Iron (Fe)** | Balance | Matrix element | **Grade Distinction:** - **vs. 1015:** Higher manganese (0.60-0.90% vs. 0.30-0.60%) for better hardenability - **vs. 1020:** Slightly lower carbon but higher manganese for balanced properties - **Optimal Balance:** Combines good strength, excellent machinability, and superior case hardening potential --- ## **2. Physical & Mechanical Properties** ### **A. Physical Properties (Cold-Drawn Condition)** - **Density:** 7.87 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³) - **Elastic Modulus:** 200 GPa (29,000 ksi) - **Poisson's Ratio:** 0.29 - **Thermal Conductivity:** ~58.0 W/m·K - **Electrical Resistivity:** ~11.5 μΩ·cm - **Magnetic Properties:** Strongly ferromagnetic - **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion:** 11.7 × 10⁻⁶ /K (20-100°C) ### **B. Mechanical Properties (Typical, Cold-Drawn - Various Sizes)** | Property | Value Range | Comparison Notes | |----------|-------------|------------------| | **Yield Strength (0.2% offset)** | 480 - 690 MPa (70 - 100 ksi) | 35-45% higher than hot-rolled | | **Tensile Strength** | 570 - 790 MPa (83 - 115 ksi) | Enhanced by cold work and Mn content | | **Elongation (50 mm)** | 10% - 18% | Maintains reasonable ductility | | **Hardness (Brinell)** | 165 - 230 HB | Surface typically harder than core | | **Surface Finish (Ra)** | 0.8 - 3.2 μm (32 - 125 μin) | Excellent for plating/painting | | **Machinability Rating** | 78% of 1212 steel | Industry benchmark for machining | ### **C. Cold-Drawing Effects & Characteristics** 1. **Surface Enhancement:** Bright, smooth finish (Ra 0.8-3.2 μm) 2. **Dimensional Accuracy:** ASTM A29 Cold-Drawn tolerances 3. **Strength Increase:** Significant work hardening (30-45% yield increase) 4. **Anisotropic Properties:** Enhanced longitudinal properties 5. **Residual Stress:** Moderate, may require stress relief for precision parts --- ## **3. Product Applications** ### **Precision Machined Components (Primary Application)** - **Screw Machine Products:** Bushings, spacers, standoffs, fittings (largest application) - **Automotive Components:** Fuel injection parts, brake components, transmission parts - **Hydraulic/Pneumatic Systems:** Valve bodies, fittings, connectors, adapters - **Fastener Components:** Precision bolts, studs, special fasteners ### **Case Hardening Applications** - **Carburized Parts:** Gears, camshafts, bearing races, wear surfaces - **Carbonitrided Components:** Fasteners, small gears requiring wear resistance - **Induction Hardened Parts:** Shafts, pins with localized hardness ### **General Manufacturing** - **Shafts & Axles:** Precision ground shafts, dowel pins, guide rods - **Tooling & Fixtures:** Jigs, fixtures, gauge components - **Consumer Products:** Appliance parts, furniture hardware, sporting goods - **Electrical Components:** Connectors, terminals, conductive parts ### **Specialized Applications** - **Cold Heading:** Wire for formed fasteners and components - **Welded Assemblies:** With machined precision interfaces - **Plated/Coated Parts:** Excellent substrate for various finishes --- ## **4. International Standards & Equivalents** ### **Direct Chemical Equivalents** | Standard System | Designation | C (%) | Mn (%) | Notes | |-----------------|-------------|-------|--------|-------| | **AISI/SAE (USA)** | **1018** | 0.15-0.20 | 0.60-0.90 | Primary standard | | **UNS (USA)** | **G10180** | 0.15-0.20 | 0.60-0.90 | Unified numbering | | **DIN (Germany)** | **1.0419** (C18E) | 0.15-0.21 | 0.60-0.90 | Direct equivalent | | **EN (Europe)** | **C18E** | 0.15-0.21 | 0.60-0.90 | EN 10083-2 | | **JIS (Japan)** | **S18C** | 0.15-0.20 | 0.60-0.90 | JIS G4051 | | **GB (China)** | **18** | 0.15-0.21 | 0.35-0.65 | GB/T 699 | | **ISO** | **C18E4** | 0.15-0.21 | 0.60-0.90 | ISO 683-1 | ### **Functional Equivalents** | Standard | Grade | Application Context | |----------|-------|-------------------| | **ASTM A108** | Grade 1018 | Cold-finished bars standard | | **ASTM A29** | Cold-Drawn | Dimensional standard | | **EN 10083-2** | C18E | European engineering steel | | **JIS G4051** | S18C | Japanese carbon steel | --- ## **5. Processing Characteristics** ### **Cold-Drawing Specifications** - **Tolerance Class:** ASTM A29 Cold-Drawn (Standard) - **Special Tolerances:** Turned/ground, centerless ground available - **Straightness:** Commercial (0.5 mm/m) or special straightness - **Surface Condition:** Bright, scale-free, minimal imperfections - **Decarburization:** Typically <0.13 mm depth ### **Machining Performance** 1. **Chip Formation:** Excellent - short breaking chips 2. **Tool Life:** Extended with proper speeds/feeds 3. **Surface Finish:** Can achieve 0.4-0.8 μm Ra with fine machining 4. **Recommended Parameters:** - Cutting Speed: 100-150 m/min (carbide), 30-45 m/min (HSS) - Feed Rate: 0.15-0.30 mm/rev - Depth of Cut: Up to 5 mm for roughing ### **Heat Treatment Capabilities** - **Annealing:** 790-845°C (1450-1550°F) for maximum softness - **Normalizing:** 870-925°C (1600-1700°F) for grain refinement - **Carburizing:** Excellent - case depths 0.25-2.0 mm, hardness 58-63 HRC - **Stress Relieving:** 315-455°C (600-850°F) for 1-2 hours - **Carbonitriding:** Effective for thin case applications ### **Forming & Fabrication** - **Cold Bending:** Good with proper radius (min. 2× thickness) - **Welding:** Excellent - all processes applicable, no preheat <25 mm - **Grinding:** Responds well to precision grinding operations - **Plating/Coating:** Excellent substrate for zinc, chrome, nickel plating --- ## **6. Quality Assurance** ### **Testing & Inspection Standards** | Test Method | Standard | Typical Requirements | |-------------|----------|---------------------| | **Chemical Analysis** | ASTM A751 | Heat and product analysis | | **Tensile Testing** | ASTM A370 | Per lot or heat | | **Hardness Testing** | ASTM E10/E18 | Brinell or Rockwell | | **Surface Inspection** | Visual/Magnaflux | Per ASTM A275/A1088 | | **Dimensional Check** | ASTM A29 | Full compliance | | **Decarburization** | ASTM E1077 | Depth measurement | ### **Certification & Traceability** - **Mill Test Certificate:** EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2 standard - **Heat Traceability:** Complete from melt to finished product - **Quality Documentation:** Certificates of Conformance, test reports - **Compliance:** RoHS, REACH, and other regulatory requirements --- ## **7. Technical Comparison Matrix** ### **vs. AISI 1015/1017** | Parameter | AISI 1018 Advantage | |-----------|---------------------| | **Hardenability** | Superior due to higher Mn | | **Core Strength** | Better in carburized parts | | **Machinability** | Slightly improved | | **Cold Work Response** | More consistent | | **Cost Difference** | Minimal (2-5%) | ### **vs. AISI 1020/1022** | Parameter | AISI 1018 Advantage | |-----------|---------------------| | **Weldability** | Better (lower carbon) | | **Machinability** | Superior | | **Cold Formability** | More ductile | | **Cost** | Generally lower | | **Availability** | Better inventory/lead times | ### **Performance Summary** 1. **Strength-to-Cost Ratio:** Excellent 2. **Manufacturing Flexibility:** Superior 3. **Heat Treatment Response:** Very Good 4. **Surface Finish Capability:** Excellent 5. **Global Supply Chain:** Extensive --- ## **8. Packaging & Delivery** ### **Standard Specifications** - **Lengths:** 3-6 meters standard, cut lengths available - **Bundling:** 500-2000 kg bundles, plastic wrapped - **Identification:** Color-coded ends, tags with full traceability - **Surface Protection:** Lightly oiled or dry as specified - **Marking:** Grade, size, heat number, supplier ID ### **Special Packaging Options** - **Individual Wrapping:** For critical surface protection - **VCI Paper:** For extended corrosion protection - **Custom Cutting:** Precision cut to length with deburring - **Barcoding/RFID:** For automated inventory management - **Just-in-Time Delivery:** Scheduled delivery programs ### **Storage & Handling Recommendations** - **Storage Conditions:** Dry, covered storage preferred - **Handling:** Use non-marring equipment - **Shelf Life:** Virtually unlimited with proper storage - **First-In-First-Out:** Recommended for optimal surface quality --- ## **Summary** **AISI 1018 cold-drawn steel represents the gold standard in low-carbon precision manufacturing materials**, offering an unparalleled combination of performance, manufacturability, and cost-effectiveness. Its popularity stems from three key attributes: 1. **Optimized Chemistry:** The 0.15-0.20% carbon with 0.60-0.90% manganese provides the perfect balance for machining, forming, and heat treatment 2. **Enhanced Cold-Drawn Properties:** Delivering 35-45% higher yield strength than hot-rolled material with superior surface finish 3. **Exceptional Versatility:** Suitable for everything from simple fasteners to complex carburized components The material excels in applications requiring: - **Precision machining** with excellent chip control - **Consistent mechanical properties** in high-volume production - **Good response to case hardening** for wear resistance - **Excellent surface quality** for plating or painting - **Reliable performance** across diverse manufacturing processes With global standardization through equivalents like **EN C18E (1.0419)** and **JIS S18C**, AISI 1018 cold-drawn offers manufacturers a universally recognized, consistently available material solution. Its extensive use has led to deep knowledge bases, proven processing parameters, and reliable performance expectations across industries. For engineers and purchasing professionals, specifying AISI 1018 cold-drawn represents a low-risk, high-reward decision that leverages decades of manufacturing experience and global supply chain efficiency. Whether for automotive components, industrial machinery, consumer products, or specialized applications, this material delivers proven performance with the manufacturing flexibility needed in today's competitive environment. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1018 Steel, cold drawn Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <4767 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1018 Steel, cold drawn Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of AISI 1018 Steel, cold drawn -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers AISI 1018 Steel, cold drawn -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of AISI 1018 Steel, cold drawn -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 1238 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition