AISI 1021 Steel, hot rolled

AISI 1021 Steel, hot rolled, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1021 Steel, hot rolled, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

AISI 1021 Steel, hot rolled, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # AISI 1021 Steel - Hot Rolled Round Bar Product Technical Datasheet ## (19-32 mm / 0.75-1.25 in Diameter) --- ## 1. Product Overview AISI 1021 hot rolled round bar is a low-carbon steel supplied in the as-rolled condition with a characteristic mill scale surface. In the diameter range of **19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 inches)**, this product offers an optimal balance of strength, formability, and cost-effectiveness for medium-section applications. The hot rolling process produces a uniform microstructure with isotropic properties suitable for components requiring machining, forming, or heat treatment. --- ## 2. Chemical Composition (Weight %) | Element | AISI 1021 Specification (%) | Typical Heat Analysis (%) | Notes | |---------|-----------------------------|---------------------------|-------| | Carbon (C) | 0.18 - 0.23 | 0.20 - 0.21 | Primary strengthening element | | Manganese (Mn) | 0.30 - 0.60 | 0.45 - 0.55 | Enhances strength & hardenability | | Phosphorus (P) | ≤ 0.040 | 0.008 - 0.015 | Impurity (controlled) | | Sulfur (S) | ≤ 0.050 | 0.020 - 0.030 | Affects machinability | | Silicon (Si) | - | 0.15 - 0.30 | Deoxidizer (residual) | | Iron (Fe) | Balance | Balance | Matrix | *Notes on composition for this size range:* - Carbon content typically targets mid-range (0.20-0.21%) for optimal weldability and formability - Manganese at upper range enhances strength in medium sections - Sulfur may be controlled for improved machinability in certain applications --- ## 3. Physical Properties | Property | Typical Value | Test Condition | |----------|---------------|----------------| | **Density** | 7.87 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³) | At 20°C | | **Melting Point** | 1510 - 1530°C (2750 - 2786°F) | - | | **Modulus of Elasticity** | 200 GPa (29 × 10⁶ psi) | - | | **Shear Modulus** | 80 GPa (11.5 × 10⁶ psi) | - | | **Poisson's Ratio** | 0.29 | - | | **Thermal Conductivity** | 51.9 W/m·K | At 100°C | | **Specific Heat Capacity** | 486 J/kg·K | At 20°C | | **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion** | 11.7 × 10⁻⁶ /K | 20-100°C | | **Electrical Resistivity** | 0.159 µΩ·m | At 20°C | *Section-Specific Note:* In the 19-32 mm range, thermal properties are particularly relevant for heat treatment uniformity. --- ## 4. Mechanical Properties (As-Hot Rolled) *Note: Properties may vary slightly across the diameter range due to differential cooling rates.* | Property | 19 mm (0.75") Diameter | 25 mm (1.0") Diameter | 32 mm (1.25") Diameter | Test Standard | |----------|------------------------|------------------------|------------------------|----------------| | **Tensile Strength** | 410-480 MPa (59-70 ksi) | 400-470 MPa (58-68 ksi) | 390-460 MPa (57-67 ksi) | ASTM A370 | | **Yield Strength (0.2% offset)** | 290-350 MPa (42-51 ksi) | 280-340 MPa (41-49 ksi) | 270-330 MPa (39-48 ksi) | ASTM A370 | | **Elongation (in 50 mm)** | 25-30% | 25-30% | 25-30% | ASTM A370 | | **Reduction of Area** | 50-60% | 50-60% | 50-60% | ASTM A370 | | **Hardness** | 126-149 HB | 121-143 HB | 116-137 HB | ASTM E10 | | **Charpy V-Notch Impact** | 40-60 J (30-44 ft·lb) | 35-55 J (26-41 ft·lb) | 30-50 J (22-37 ft·lb) | ASTM A370 | **Key Characteristics for 19-32 mm Range:** - Consistent elongation across the size range indicates good formability - Moderate yield-to-tensile ratio (0.65-0.72) provides good overload capacity - Impact properties suitable for dynamic loading applications --- ## 5. Hot Rolling Process & Product Characteristics **Manufacturing Process:** - Continuously cast billets reheated to 1150-1250°C (2100-2280°F) - Multiple rolling passes to achieve final diameter - Air cooling on cooling bed - Straightening and cutting to length **Product Characteristics for 19-32 mm Rounds:** - **Surface Condition:** Mill scale present (typically 0.05-0.15 mm thick) - **Dimensional Tolerances:** Per ASTM A29, Table 3 (Hot Rolled) - **Out-of-Roundness:** ≤ 0.5% of diameter - **Straightness:** ≤ 3 mm per meter (0.12 in per 3 ft) - **Decarburization:** Minimal in this size range (typically < 0.25 mm) --- ## 6. Primary Applications **19-32 mm hot rolled 1021 rounds are ideally suited for:** ### A. Automotive Components - **Steering & Suspension:** Tie rods, linkage arms, bracket components - **Drivetrain:** Secondary shafts, spacer tubes, mounting pins - **Chassis:** Bolts, studs, and fasteners (after machining) ### B. Machinery & Equipment - **General Shafting:** Power transmission shafts, conveyor rollers - **Agricultural Equipment:** Implement pins, linkage parts, tillage components - **Construction Machinery:** Hydraulic cylinder rods (after machining/plating), pivot pins ### C. Fabrication & Structural - **Custom Fasteners:** Large bolts, anchor rods, U-bolts - **Machine Bases:** Structural supports, mounting posts - **Material Handling:** Axles for casters, rollers for conveyors ### D. Further Processing Stock - **Forging Billets:** Excellent pre-form material for closed-die forgings - **Cold Drawing Feedstock:** Starting material for cold finished bars - **Machining Blanks:** Cost-effective stock for turned parts --- ## 7. Fabrication Characteristics | Process | Suitability (1-5, 5=Excellent) | Notes for 19-32 mm Rounds | |---------|--------------------------------|----------------------------| | **Machining** | 4 | Good chip formation; may require removal of mill scale first | | **Welding** | 5 | Excellent weldability; preheat not required for this thickness | | **Cold Forming/Bending** | 4 | Minimum bend radius ≈ 2 × diameter | | **Hot Forging** | 5 | Ideal forging temperature: 1150-900°C | | **Heat Treatment** | 4 | Responds well to carburizing, normalizing, annealing | **Specific Recommendations:** - **Machining:** Remove mill scale before precision machining operations - **Welding:** All common processes suitable; match strength of filler metal - **Forming:** Annealing (870°C + slow cool) improves formability if needed --- ## 8. Heat Treatment Response For 19-32 mm sections: ### A. Annealing - **Temperature:** 870-900°C (1600-1650°F) - **Cooling:** Furnace cool or slow air cool - **Result:** 150-180 HB, improved machinability/formability ### B. Normalizing - **Temperature:** 900-925°C (1650-1700°F) - **Cooling:** Still air - **Result:** Refined grain structure, 140-170 HB ### C. Carburizing (Case Hardening) - **Temperature:** 900-925°C (1650-1700°F) - **Case Depth:** 0.5-1.5 mm achievable (20-60 mils) - **Result:** Surface hardness 55-62 HRC with tough core --- ## 9. International Standards & Cross-References | Standard System | Standard Number | Grade Designation | Condition | Notes | |-----------------|----------------|-------------------|-----------|-------| | **ASTM/SAE (USA)** | ASTM A29 | 1021 | Hot rolled | Primary specification | | **ASTM/SAE (USA)** | SAE J403 | 1021 | - | Chemical composition | | **EN (Europe)** | EN 10025-2 | S235JR* | Hot rolled | *Similar properties, not chemical equivalent | | **EN (Europe)** | EN 10083-2 | 1.1151 (C22E) | - | Closest chemical equivalent | | **DIN (Germany)** | DIN 17200 | 1.1151 | - | Equivalent material | | **JIS (Japan)** | JIS G4051 | S20C | Hot rolled | Similar, slightly different composition | | **ISO** | ISO 630 | Fe360B* | - | *Similar mechanical properties | | **BS (UK)** | BS 970 | 080M20 | - | Equivalent grade | | **GB (China)** | GB/T 699 | 20# | - | Similar grade | **Important Note for Procurement:** When ordering 19-32 mm hot rolled 1021 rounds, specify: 1. **ASTM A29 Grade 1021** 2. **Hot rolled condition** 3. **Diameter and tolerance class** 4. **Special requirements (if any):** ultrasonic testing, specific chemistry ranges, etc. --- ## 10. Quality & Inspection **Standard Testing:** - Chemical analysis (cast or product analysis) - Tensile test (one per heat/lot) - Hardness test (optional) - Visual inspection for surface defects **Typical Certifications:** - Mill test certificate (MTC) per EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2 - Compliance with ASTM A29 - RoHS compliance (typically supplied) **Common Defects to Monitor:** - Excessive scale or rust pitting - Surface seams or laps (rolled-in defects) - Excessive decarburization (>0.5 mm) - Out-of-specification straightness --- ## 11. Advantages for 19-32 mm Applications 1. **Cost Efficiency:** Most economical form for medium-sized components 2. **Isotropic Properties:** Uniform strength in all directions 3. **Excellent Weldability:** Low carbon equivalent (CE ≈ 0.35) minimizes cracking risk 4. **Good Machinability:** 65-70% of 1212 steel baseline 5. **Heat Treatable:** Responsive to case hardening for wear applications 6. **Wide Availability:** Stock item at most steel service centers 7. **Forging Compatibility:** Ideal pre-form for hot forgings --- ## 12. Limitations & Considerations 1. **Surface Finish:** Mill scale must be removed for many applications 2. **Dimensional Tolerance:** ±0.4 mm (±0.015") typical; tighter tolerances require cold finishing 3. **Straightness:** May require straightening for precision applications 4. **Decarburization:** Surface layer may have reduced carbon content (affects case hardening) 5. **Scale Removal:** Additional processing (pickling, blasting, machining) often required --- ## 13. Storage & Handling Recommendations 1. **Storage:** Keep dry, elevated from ground, protected from weather 2. **Handling:** Use appropriate lifting equipment to prevent bending 3. **Identification:** Maintain heat/lot identification through processing 4. **First-In-First-Out:** Rotate stock to prevent excessive corrosion --- ## 14. Comparative Economics **Cost Factors for 19-32 mm Hot Rolled 1021:** - Typically 15-25% less expensive than cold drawn equivalent - 30-40% less expensive than alloy steels (e.g., 4140) - Minimal additional processing required for many applications - Excellent value for components requiring subsequent machining or heat treatment --- *Technical Disclaimer: This datasheet provides typical values and characteristics. Actual properties may vary by manufacturer, heat treatment, and specific production conditions. For critical applications, consult the manufacturer's certified test reports and conduct appropriate validation testing. Always comply with applicable industry standards and safety regulations when specifying and using this material.* -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1021 Steel, hot rolled, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <4776 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1021 Steel, hot rolled, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of AISI 1021 Steel, hot rolled, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers AISI 1021 Steel, hot rolled, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of AISI 1021 Steel, hot rolled, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 1247 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition