AISI 1045 Steel, annealed

AISI 1045 Steel, cold drawn, annealed, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1045 Steel, cold drawn, annealed, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

AISI 1045 Steel, cold drawn, annealed, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **AISI 1045 Steel, Cold Drawn & Annealed, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) Round Bar** ## **1. Product Overview** AISI 1045 steel in the **cold drawn and annealed** condition represents a specially processed medium-carbon steel that combines the dimensional precision of cold drawing with the optimized machinability and ductility of annealing. For the **19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) diameter range**, this product offers manufacturers a premium material stock that requires minimal preparation for complex machining operations. The annealing process, performed after cold drawing, relieves internal stresses, reduces hardness, and creates a homogeneous microstructure—making it ideal for components requiring extensive machining followed by heat treatment. ## **2. Chemical Composition** The composition conforms to standard AISI 1045 specifications with additional controls for annealing response. | Element | Composition (%) (Typical) | Specification Range (%) | |---------|--------------------------|------------------------| | Carbon (C) | 0.45 | 0.43 - 0.50 | | Manganese (Mn) | 0.75 | 0.60 - 0.90 | | Phosphorus (P) | 0.025 max | ≤ 0.040 | | Sulfur (S) | 0.025 max | ≤ 0.050 | | Silicon (Si) | 0.25 | 0.15 - 0.35 | | Iron (Fe) | Balance | Balance | *Note:* Consistent chemistry is critical for predictable annealing response and uniform hardness throughout the bar cross-section. ## **3. Manufacturing Process: Cold Drawing + Annealing** This two-stage processing creates a unique combination of properties: ### **Processing Sequence:** 1. **Cold Drawing:** Hot-rolled bars are pickled to remove scale, then drawn through dies at room temperature to achieve precise dimensions and improved surface finish. 2. **Annealing:** The cold-drawn bars are heated to approximately 870-900°C (1600-1650°F) in a controlled atmosphere, held at temperature, then slowly cooled (typically furnace cooled) to achieve: * Complete stress relief from cold working * Recrystallization and grain refinement * Reduction of hardness to optimal machining range * Homogenization of microstructure (predominantly fine pearlite and ferrite) ### **Key Advantages for 19-32 mm Rounds:** * **Dimensional Precision:** Maintains cold-drawn tolerances (±0.075 mm typical) * **Stress-Free Condition:** Eliminates distortion during machining * **Uniform Machinability:** Consistent hardness throughout bar length and cross-section * **Enhanced Microstructure:** Prepared for optimal response to subsequent heat treatment ## **4. Physical & Mechanical Properties (Annealed Condition)** ### **Physical Properties** * **Density:** 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³) * **Modulus of Elasticity:** 200 GPa (29 × 10⁶ psi) * **Poisson's Ratio:** 0.29 * **Thermal Conductivity:** 51.9 W/m·K * **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion:** 11.7 × 10⁻⁶/°C (20-100°C) ### **Mechanical Properties** *Properties reflect the fully annealed state, optimized for machining.* | Property | Typical Value | Notes | |----------|--------------|-------| | **Hardness** | **150-190 HB** | **Primary advantage - optimized for machining** | | Tensile Strength | 515-585 MPa (75-85 ksi) | Lower than cold-drawn-only condition | | Yield Strength (0.2% Offset) | 310-380 MPa (45-55 ksi) | Provides good formability | | Elongation in 50mm (2 in) | 20-28% | Excellent ductility | | Reduction of Area | 45-55% | Superior to non-annealed conditions | | **Machinability** | **~70% (vs. 100% for AISI 1212)** | **Improved over standard cold-drawn (65%)** | | **Surface Finish** | **3.2 μm Ra (125 μin) or better** | Maintains cold-drawn surface quality | ### **Microstructural Characteristics** * **Structure:** Fine lamellar pearlite in a ferrite matrix * **Grain Size:** ASTM 6-8 (fine to medium) * **Inclusion Content:** Low, with uniform distribution * **Decarburization:** Minimal due to controlled atmosphere annealing ## **5. Product Applications** The annealed condition makes this product particularly suitable for applications requiring: ### **Primary Applications** * **Precision Machined Components:** Gears, splined shafts, complex couplings requiring extensive material removal * **Tooling and Dies:** Mold bases, die plates, fixture components requiring stability during machining * **Automotive Parts:** Transmission components, differential gears, steering system parts (prior to hardening) * **Hydraulic/Pneumatic Components:** Valve bodies, complex manifolds, pump housings * **Fastener Manufacturing:** High-strength bolt blanks, especially for large diameters in the 19-32 mm range * **General Machinery:** Lead screws, precision guides, machine tool components ### **Processing Advantages:** * **Minimal Distortion:** Annealing eliminates stresses that cause part movement during machining * **Extended Tool Life:** Consistent, reduced hardness prolongs cutting tool performance * **Improved Chip Control:** Annealed microstructure produces more manageable chips * **Better Surface Finish:** Machined surfaces require less finishing work ## **6. Subsequent Heat Treatment** AISI 1045 cold drawn and annealed is typically supplied as a "prepared blank" for final heat treatment: ### **Common Treatment Paths:** 1. **Machining:** Complete all machining operations in the soft, annealed condition 2. **Heat Treatment:** Apply final hardening process: * **Through Hardening:** Quench and temper to achieve 35-45 HRC * **Induction Hardening:** Surface hardening of wear areas (up to 55-60 HRC) while maintaining tough core * **Flame Hardening:** For large components or selective area hardening 3. **Finishing:** Final grinding/polishing as needed ### **Heat Treatment Response:** * **Hardenability:** Moderate (ideal for sections up to 25-30 mm) * **Quenching Media:** Oil preferred for minimal distortion; water for maximum hardness * **Tempering Range:** 200-600°C (400-1100°F) depending on required properties ## **7. International Standards & Specifications** ### **Primary Material Standards** | Country/Region | Standard | Grade Designation | Condition Specification | |----------------|----------|-------------------|------------------------| | **USA** | **ASTM A311/A311M** | **Class A, Grade 1045** | **Stress-relieved cold-drawn bars (annealed subset)** | | USA | ASTM A108 | Grade 1045 + Annealed | With supplementary annealing requirement | | USA | SAE J403 | 1045 | Chemical composition | | **European Union** | **EN 10083-2** | **C45E (1.1191) + A** | **'+A' denotes annealed condition** | | Germany | DIN 17200 | Ck45 + geglüht | Normalized or annealed condition | | **Japan** | **JIS G4051** | **S45C** | **Typically supplied normalized or annealed** | | International | ISO 683-1 | Type 1.1191 | Heat-treatable steels, various conditions | ### **Dimensional & Quality Standards** * **ASTM A108:** Tolerances for cold-finished bars * **ASTM A29:** General requirements for steel bars * **ISO 286-2:** Geometrical tolerances * **Customer Specifications:** Often include additional requirements for maximum hardness, microstructure, or decarburization limits ## **8. Comparison: Product Conditions** | Parameter | Hot-Rolled 1045 | Cold-Drawn 1045 | **Cold-Drawn & Annealed 1045** | |-----------|-----------------|-----------------|-------------------------------| | Hardness (HB) | 170-210 | 201-241 | **150-190** | | Yield Strength (MPa) | ~345 | ~585 | **~345** | | Machinability | 60% | 65% | **70%** | | Dimensional Tolerance | Wide (±0.4 mm) | Tight (±0.075 mm) | **Tight (±0.075 mm)** | | Residual Stress | Moderate | High | **Very Low** | | Distortion During Machining | Moderate | Significant Risk | **Minimal Risk** | | Cost | Lowest | Medium | **Highest** | ## **9. Economic & Technical Considerations** ### **When to Specify This Product:** * Complex parts requiring extensive machining * Components with tight dimensional stability requirements * Production runs where extended tool life is critical * Applications requiring uniform response to final heat treatment * Parts subject to grinding after heat treatment ### **Cost-Benefit Analysis:** * **Higher Initial Cost:** ~15-25% premium over standard cold-drawn * **Reduced Machining Costs:** 10-30% savings from longer tool life, faster feeds/speeds * **Improved Quality:** Reduced scrap from machining distortion * **Better Consistency:** Uniform hardness ensures predictable machining performance ## **10. Summary** AISI 1045 cold drawn and annealed round bars in the 19-32 mm range represent a **premium, process-optimized material** designed for demanding manufacturing applications. By combining the dimensional accuracy of cold drawing with the machinability benefits of full annealing, this product offers manufacturers a superior starting material that reduces total production costs for complex components. The annealed condition provides a stable, stress-free foundation for precision machining operations, while maintaining the inherent hardenability and strength potential of medium-carbon steel. This makes it particularly valuable for components that require extensive machining in the soft state followed by final heat treatment to achieve high strength and wear resistance. For applications where dimensional stability, machining efficiency, and consistent final properties are paramount—such as precision gears, automotive components, and tooling elements—this product delivers technical advantages that frequently justify its premium cost through reduced total manufacturing expenses and improved component reliability. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1045 Steel, cold drawn, annealed, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <6068 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1045 Steel, cold drawn, annealed, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of AISI 1045 Steel, cold drawn, annealed, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers AISI 1045 Steel, cold drawn, annealed, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of AISI 1045 Steel, cold drawn, annealed, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 2539 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition