AISI 1050 Steel, as cold drawn

AISI 1050 Steel, as cold drawn bar, 16-22 mm (0.625-0.875 in) round Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1050 Steel, as cold drawn bar, 16-22 mm (0.625-0.875 in) round Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

AISI 1050 Steel, as cold drawn bar, 16-22 mm (0.625-0.875 in) round Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **Technical Datasheet: AISI 1050 Steel - Cold Drawn Round Bar (16-22 mm / 0.625-0.875 in)** --- ## **1. Product Overview** AISI 1050 Cold Drawn Round Bar is a precision-engineered high-carbon steel product manufactured through a cold drawing process that significantly enhances mechanical properties, dimensional accuracy, and surface finish. This manufacturing method involves pulling hot-rolled bars through a die at room temperature, resulting in strain hardening and superior geometric characteristics. The 16-22 mm (0.625-0.875 in) diameter range is particularly suitable for precision mechanical components requiring tight tolerances, smooth surfaces, and consistent performance in demanding applications such as automotive, machinery, and tool manufacturing. --- ## **2. Key Characteristics & Advantages** - **Enhanced Mechanical Properties**: Cold working increases yield strength by 40-60% compared to hot-rolled material - **Superior Dimensional Accuracy**: Maintains tight diameter tolerances (±0.05 mm / ±0.002 in typical) - **Excellent Surface Finish**: Produces smooth, bright surface (0.8-1.6 µm Ra / 32-63 µin Ra) suitable for bearing applications - **Improved Straightness**: Essential for high-precision rotating components - **Good Hardenability**: Responds well to subsequent heat treatment for additional strength - **Reduced Machining Requirements**: Often used as-machined or with minimal finishing - **Consistent Quality**: Uniform properties throughout length and cross-section --- ## **3. Chemical Composition** | Element | Composition Range (%) | Standard Reference | |---------|----------------------|-------------------| | **Carbon (C)** | 0.48 - 0.55 | ASTM A108 / SAE J403 | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.60 - 0.90 | ASTM A108 / SAE J403 | | **Phosphorus (P)** | ≤ 0.040 | ASTM A108 / SAE J403 | | **Sulfur (S)** | ≤ 0.050 | ASTM A108 / SAE J403 | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.15 - 0.35 | ASTM A108 / SAE J403 | | **Iron (Fe)** | Balance | - | *Note: The high carbon content (0.48-0.55%) provides excellent hardenability and wear resistance potential.* --- ## **4. Typical Mechanical Properties (Cold Drawn Condition)** ### **As-Cold Drawn Properties** | Property | Value Range | Test Standard | |----------|-------------|---------------| | **Tensile Strength** | 750 - 900 MPa (109 - 131 ksi) | ASTM A370 | | **Yield Strength (0.2% offset)** | 620 - 780 MPa (90 - 113 ksi) | ASTM A370 | | **Elongation in 50 mm (2")** | 10% - 15% | ASTM A370 | | **Reduction of Area** | 35% - 45% | ASTM A370 | | **Brinell Hardness** | 229 - 285 HB | ASTM E10 | | **Surface Roughness (Ra)** | 0.8 - 1.6 µm (32 - 63 µin) | ASME B46.1 | | **Modulus of Elasticity** | 200 GPa (29,000 ksi) | ASTM E111 | | **Shear Modulus** | 80 GPa (11,600 ksi) | ASTM E143 | | **Poisson's Ratio** | 0.29 | ASTM E132 | | **Fatigue Strength (10⁷ cycles)** | 350 - 420 MPa | Rotating bending | | **Machinability Rating** | ~30% (relative to 1212 steel) | - | ### **Physical Properties** | Property | Value | |----------|-------| | **Density** | 7.87 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³) | | **Thermal Conductivity** | 47.8 W/m·K (33.1 BTU·in/hr·ft²·°F) | | **Specific Heat Capacity** | 486 J/kg·K (0.116 BTU/lb·°F) | | **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion** | 11.3 µm/m·°C (6.3 µin/in·°F) 20-100°C | | **Electrical Resistivity** | 0.235 µΩ·m | --- ## **5. Dimensional Specifications & Tolerances** ### **Standard Tolerances (Per ASTM A108)** | Diameter (mm) | Diameter (in) | Diameter Tolerance (±) | Out-of-Round (max) | Straightness (mm/m) | |---------------|---------------|------------------------|-------------------|-------------------| | 16.00 | 0.6250 | 0.05 mm (0.002 in) | 0.03 mm (0.0012 in) | 0.3 | | 18.00 | 0.7090 | 0.05 mm (0.002 in) | 0.03 mm (0.0012 in) | 0.3 | | 20.00 | 0.7875 | 0.05 mm (0.002 in) | 0.04 mm (0.0016 in) | 0.4 | | 22.00 | 0.8750 | 0.05 mm (0.002 in) | 0.04 mm (0.0016 in) | 0.4 | ### **Surface Finish Standards** - **As-drawn**: 0.8-1.6 µm Ra (32-63 µin Ra) - **Polished**: 0.2-0.4 µm Ra (8-16 µin Ra) available upon request - **Ground**: 0.4-0.8 µm Ra (16-32 µin Ra) special finish - **Special Finishes**: Chrome plated, nickel plated, or phosphate coated options --- ## **6. International Standard Equivalents** | Standard System | Designation | Primary Specification | |----------------|-------------|----------------------| | **UNS** | G10500 | Unified Numbering System | | **SAE/AISI** | 1050 | SAE J403 | | **ASTM** | Grade 1050 | ASTM A108 (Cold-Finished) | | **EN (Europe)** | 1.1206 (C53E) | EN 10083-2 | | **ISO** | C53E | ISO 683-18 | | **JIS (Japan)** | S50C / S53C | JIS G4051 | | **GB (China)** | 50# (50钢) | GB/T 699 | | **DIN (Germany)** | 1.1206, Ck53 | DIN 17200 | --- ## **7. Heat Treatment Response** ### **Recommended Heat Treatment Parameters** | Process | Temperature Range | Cooling Method | Typical Results for 16-22 mm Diameter | |---------|------------------|----------------|---------------------------------------| | **Annealing** | 790-815°C (1450-1500°F) | Furnace cool | Softened to 156-207 HB for machining | | **Normalizing** | 870-925°C (1600-1700°F) | Air cool | Grain refinement, 201-255 HB | | **Quenching** | 830-855°C (1525-1575°F) | Oil or water | Maximum hardness (62-66 HRC) | | **Tempering** | 200-650°C (400-1200°F) | Air cool | Desired hardness and toughness | ### **Hardenability Characteristics** - **Jominy Test Results (Typical)**: - 1.5 mm (1/16"): 62-66 HRC - 10 mm (3/8"): 45-55 HRC - 20 mm (3/4"): 35-45 HRC - **Maximum Hardness**: 65-67 HRC achievable in thin sections - **Ideal Quenchant**: Water for maximum hardness, oil for reduced distortion - **Through-Hardening**: Full hardening achievable for 16-22 mm diameter ### **Typical Heat-Treated Properties** | Tempering Temperature | Hardness (HRC) | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Yield Strength (MPa) | Impact Energy (J) | |----------------------|----------------|------------------------|----------------------|------------------| | **200°C (400°F)** | 52-56 | 1600-1800 | 1450-1650 | 10-20 | | **400°C (750°F)** | 44-48 | 1300-1500 | 1150-1350 | 20-30 | | **600°C (1110°F)** | 32-36 | 900-1100 | 800-1000 | 35-45 | --- ## **8. Primary Applications** ### **Precision Automotive Components** - Transmission shafts and gear blanks - Steering system precision shafts - Suspension linkage components - High-strength fasteners and studs - Brake system parts ### **Industrial Machinery** - Machine tool spindles and arbors - Pump shafts and impellers - Hydraulic cylinder rods - Linear motion shafts and guide rods - Bearing races and sleeves ### **Tool & Die Applications** - Cutting tool blanks (drills, taps, reamers) - Die inserts and punches - Tool holders and fixtures - Mold base components - Shear blades and cutting edges ### **General Engineering** - Precision pins and dowels - Valve stems and actuator rods - Fastener stock for critical applications - Custom machined components - Wear-resistant bushings and sleeves ### **Consumer Products** - High-strength bicycle components - Exercise equipment parts - Power tool shafts and components - Hardware and fittings requiring precision ### **Agricultural Equipment** - Implement drive shafts - PTO shaft components - Tractor transmission parts - Cultivator and harrow components --- ## **9. Fabrication & Processing Guidelines** ### **Machining Operations** - **Tool Selection**: Premium carbide, CBN, or ceramic tools required - **Cutting Parameters**: - Turning: 20-35 m/min (65-115 ft/min) - Milling: 25-40 m/min (80-130 ft/min) - Drilling: 15-25 m/min (50-80 ft/min) - **Coolant Requirement**: High-pressure coolant essential - **Chip Control**: Produces continuous chips; chip breakers recommended - **Surface Finish**: < 1.6 µm Ra easily achievable with proper technique ### **Welding Procedures** - **Pre-heating**: 250-350°C (480-660°F) mandatory - **Electrodes**: E10018, E11018 low-hydrogen required - **Interpass Temperature**: 200-250°C (400-480°F) - **Post-Weld Treatment**: 600-650°C (1110-1200°F) stress relief + full re-heat treatment - **Alternative Methods**: Mechanical fastening or brazing preferred for critical applications ### **Grinding & Finishing** - **Grinding Wheels**: Aluminum oxide or CBN wheels suitable - **Parameters**: Light cuts with frequent dressing - **Surface Finish**: Capable of < 0.4 µm Ra with proper grinding technique - **Stress Relief**: Additional tempering may be required after heavy grinding ### **Forming & Bending** - **Cold Forming**: Limited capability; annealing recommended first - **Bend Radius**: Minimum 3-4× diameter for 90° bends - **Hot Forming**: Recommended for complex shapes - **Springback**: Significant; account for in tool design --- ## **10. Quality Assurance & Inspection** ### **Standard Testing Requirements** | Test Type | Frequency | Standard | Acceptance Criteria | |-----------|-----------|----------|-------------------| | **Chemical Analysis** | Per heat | ASTM E415 | Within specification limits | | **Tensile Test** | Per lot | ASTM A370 | Meet minimum specified values | | **Hardness Test** | Per bundle | ASTM E10 | Within 229-285 HB range | | **Surface Finish** | Per batch | ASME B46.1 | ≤ 1.6 µm Ra standard | | **Dimensional Check** | 100% | ASTM A108 | Within specified tolerances | | **Straightness** | 100% | Visual/optical | ≤ 0.4 mm/m maximum | ### **Optional Testing Services** - **Ultrasonic Testing**: For internal defect detection - **Magnetic Particle Inspection**: Surface crack detection - **Microstructural Analysis**: Grain size and structure evaluation - **Residual Stress Measurement**: X-ray diffraction analysis - **Fatigue Testing**: Rotating bending or axial fatigue tests ### **Certification & Documentation** - **Mill Test Reports**: Complete chemical and mechanical certification - **Heat Treatment Records**: When applicable - **NDT Reports**: Upon customer request - **Material Traceability**: Full chain of custody documentation - **Compliance Certificates**: ISO 9001, IATF 16949, etc. --- ## **11. Storage, Handling & Packaging** ### **Storage Conditions** - **Environment**: Dry, controlled conditions (<60% RH) - **Temperature**: 15-25°C (59-77°F) stable - **Protection**: VCI paper or protective coatings recommended - **Stacking**: Maximum 1.5m height with proper support - **Separation**: By grade, size, and heat number ### **Packaging Standards** - **Individual Protection**: Plastic end caps, VCI wrapping - **Bundling**: Steel strapping with edge protection - **Identification**: Clear, weather-resistant labeling - **Shipping Protection**: Secured to prevent movement and damage ### **Handling Procedures** - **Lifting Equipment**: Non-marring nylon slings or magnets - **Transportation**: Flatbed trucks with proper securing - **Unloading**: Avoid dropping or impact loading - **Inspection**: Visual check upon receipt for damage --- ## **12. Comparison with Similar Grades** ### **Performance Comparison** | Grade | Carbon % | Yield Strength (CD) | Hardness (HB) | Machinability | Cost Index | |-------|----------|---------------------|---------------|---------------|------------| | **1045 CD** | 0.43-0.50 | 585-725 MPa | 207-255 | 40% | 100 | | **1050 CD** | 0.48-0.55 | 620-780 MPa | 229-285 | 30% | 105 | | **1055 CD** | 0.50-0.60 | 650-820 MPa | 241-302 | 25% | 110 | | **4140 CD** | 0.38-0.43 | 655-795 MPa | 197-255 | 45% | 130 | ### **Application Selection Guide** | Application Requirement | Recommended Grade | Reasoning | |------------------------|-------------------|-----------| | Maximum wear resistance | 1050 CD | High carbon content | | Precision shafts | 1050 CD | Good dimensional stability | | Heavy-duty fasteners | 1050 CD | High strength | | Complex machined parts | 1045 CD | Better machinability | | Critical dynamic loads | 4140 | Better toughness | --- ## **13. Technical Guidelines & Best Practices** ### **Design Considerations** 1. **Stress Concentrations**: Minimize sharp corners and notches (Kt < 2.0) 2. **Surface Finish Requirements**: Specify based on application needs 3. **Heat Treatment Planning**: Allow for distortion during quenching 4. **Quality Requirements**: Define appropriate inspection levels 5. **Safety Factors**: Use 3.0+ for dynamic loading applications ### **Manufacturing Best Practices** 1. **Machining Sequence**: Rough machine → Heat treat → Finish machine 2. **Tool Management**: Regular inspection and replacement schedule 3. **Process Control**: Statistical monitoring of critical dimensions 4. **Quality Verification**: First article and periodic inspections 5. **Documentation**: Complete process records for traceability ### **Troubleshooting Common Issues** | Problem | Possible Causes | Solutions | |---------|----------------|-----------| | Excessive tool wear | Hard material | Use premium carbide or CBN | | Poor surface finish | Incorrect parameters | Optimize speed/feed/coolant | | Dimensional variation | Temperature changes | Climate control in shop | | Cracking during HT | Rapid heating/cooling | Control heating rates | | Warping after machining | Residual stresses | Stress relieve before finish | --- ## **14. Economic & Supply Chain Considerations** ### **Cost Factors** - **Raw Material**: 60-70% of total cost - **Cold Drawing Processing**: 20-30% - **Testing & Certification**: 5-10% - **Packaging & Shipping**: 3-5% ### **Lead Time Considerations** - **Standard Sizes**: 4-6 weeks - **Special Sizes**: 8-10 weeks - **Heat Treatment**: Additional 2-3 weeks - **Testing Services**: Additional 1-2 weeks ### **Minimum Order Quantities** - **Standard Grades**: 500 kg minimum - **Special Processing**: 1000 kg minimum - **Certified Material**: 2000 kg minimum - **Just-in-Time Programs**: Negotiable based on partnership --- ## **15. Environmental & Sustainability** ### **Environmental Compliance** - **REACH**: Fully compliant with European regulations - **RoHS**: Contains no restricted substances - **Recyclability**: 100% recyclable material - **Carbon Footprint**: Lower than equivalent alloy steels ### **Sustainable Practices** - **Energy Efficiency**: Cold drawing reduces energy vs. machining from larger stock - **Material Efficiency**: Near-net shape processing minimizes waste - **Long Service Life**: Durable material reduces replacement frequency - **End-of-Life Management**: Fully recyclable in standard steel recycling streams --- ## **16. Technical Support & Services** ### **Available Technical Support** - **Material Selection Assistance**: Engineering consultation - **Process Optimization**: Manufacturing guidance - **Problem Solving**: Troubleshooting support - **Technical Training**: Seminars and workshops ### **Value-Added Services** - **Just-in-Time Delivery**: Inventory management solutions - **Kanban Systems**: Automated replenishment programs - **Vendor Managed Inventory**: Complete supply chain management - **Technical Documentation**: Comprehensive material data packages --- **Disclaimer**: This technical data sheet provides comprehensive information about AISI 1050 Cold Drawn Steel Round Bars. Actual properties may vary based on specific manufacturing parameters, heat treatment conditions, and processing history. For critical applications, consult with material engineers, review certified test reports, and conduct application-specific validation testing. Professional engineering judgment should always be applied for safety-critical applications. The high carbon content requires special consideration in fabrication, heat treatment, and application design. --- **Revision**: 1.0 **Date**: November 2023 **Status**: Current Specification **Contact**: Technical Services Department -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1050 Steel, as cold drawn bar, 16-22 mm (0.625-0.875 in) round Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <4832 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1050 Steel, as cold drawn bar, 16-22 mm (0.625-0.875 in) round Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of AISI 1050 Steel, as cold drawn bar, 16-22 mm (0.625-0.875 in) round -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers AISI 1050 Steel, as cold drawn bar, 16-22 mm (0.625-0.875 in) round -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of AISI 1050 Steel, as cold drawn bar, 16-22 mm (0.625-0.875 in) round -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 1303 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition