AISI 1050 Steel, as rolled

AISI 1050 Steel, as rolled Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1050 Steel, as rolled Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

AISI 1050 Steel, as rolled Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **Technical Datasheet: AISI 1050 Steel - As Rolled Condition** --- ## **1. Product Overview** AISI 1050 as-rolled steel is a high-carbon, non-alloy steel supplied directly from hot-rolling operations without subsequent heat treatment or cold finishing. This condition represents the most economical form of the material, characterized by a characteristic mill scale surface and mechanical properties developed through controlled rolling and air cooling. With its high carbon content (0.48-0.55%), AISI 1050 offers superior strength, excellent wear resistance, and good hardenability compared to lower-carbon steels. This material serves as an ideal starting point for components that will undergo further heat treatment, machining, or forging operations. --- ## **2. Key Characteristics** - **High Strength Properties**: Highest strength among standard 10xx series carbon steels in as-rolled condition - **Excellent Hardenability**: Responds well to quenching and tempering treatments - **Good Wear Resistance**: High carbon content provides inherent abrasion resistance - **Economical Production**: Lowest cost form of high-carbon steel - **Versatile Fabrication**: Can be machined, welded (with precautions), and formed - **Forging Capability**: Excellent for hot forging operations - **Characteristic Surface**: Features blue/black mill scale requiring removal for finishing --- ## **3. Chemical Composition** | Element | Composition Range (%) | Standard Reference | |---------|----------------------|-------------------| | **Carbon (C)** | 0.48 - 0.55 | SAE J403 / ASTM A29 | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.60 - 0.90 | SAE J403 / ASTM A29 | | **Phosphorus (P)** | ≤ 0.040 | SAE J403 / ASTM A29 | | **Sulfur (S)** | ≤ 0.050 | SAE J403 / ASTM A29 | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.15 - 0.35 | SAE J403 / ASTM A29 | | **Iron (Fe)** | Balance | - | *Note: The high carbon content (0.48-0.55%) places this steel at the upper limit of medium-carbon classification, approaching high-carbon steel properties.* --- ## **4. Typical Mechanical Properties (As-Rolled Condition)** | Property | Value Range | Test Standard | |----------|-------------|---------------| | **Tensile Strength** | 655 - 795 MPa (95 - 115 ksi) | ASTM A370 | | **Yield Strength (0.2% offset)** | 450 - 590 MPa (65 - 86 ksi) | ASTM A370 | | **Elongation in 50 mm (2")** | 13% - 18% | ASTM A370 | | **Reduction of Area** | 40% - 50% | ASTM A370 | | **Brinell Hardness** | 179 - 235 HB | ASTM E10 | | **Modulus of Elasticity** | 200 GPa (29,000 ksi) | ASTM E111 | | **Shear Modulus** | 80 GPa (11,600 ksi) | ASTM E143 | | **Poisson's Ratio** | 0.29 | ASTM E132 | | **Fatigue Strength (10⁷ cycles)** | 280 - 350 MPa | Rotating bending | | **Impact Strength (Charpy V-notch)** | 15 - 30 J (11 - 22 ft-lb) | ASTM A370 | | **Machinability Rating** | ~35% (relative to 1212 steel) | - | --- ## **5. Physical Properties** | Property | Value | |----------|-------| | **Density** | 7.87 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³) | | **Melting Point** | 1460 - 1510°C (2660 - 2750°F) | | **Thermal Conductivity** | 47.8 W/m·K (33.1 BTU·in/hr·ft²·°F) | | **Specific Heat Capacity** | 486 J/kg·K (0.116 BTU/lb·°F) | | **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion** | 11.3 µm/m·°C (6.3 µin/in·°F) 20-100°C | | **Electrical Resistivity** | 0.235 µΩ·m | | **Magnetic Properties** | Ferromagnetic | --- ## **6. Microstructural Characteristics** ### **Typical As-Rolled Structure** - **Primary Phases**: Pearlite (75-85%) with proeutectoid ferrite network - **Grain Size**: ASTM 5-7 (medium grain size) - **Banding**: Moderate banding of ferrite and pearlite typical - **Decarburization**: Surface decarburization of 0.1-0.4 mm depending on rolling conditions - **Inclusions**: Commercial quality with typical stringer-type inclusions (ASTM E45 ≤ 2.0) ### **Effect of Cooling Rate** | Cooling Condition | Microstructure | Hardness (HB) | |------------------|----------------|---------------| | **Fast Air Cool** | Fine pearlite + ferrite | 185-235 | | **Normal Air Cool** | Medium pearlite + ferrite | 179-229 | | **Slow Cool** | Coarse pearlite + ferrite | 170-220 | --- ## **7. International Standard Equivalents** | Standard System | Designation | Comparable Specification | |----------------|-------------|--------------------------| | **UNS** | G10500 | Unified Numbering System | | **SAE/AISI** | 1050 | SAE J403 | | **ASTM** | Grade 1050 | ASTM A29 / ASTM A576 | | **EN (Europe)** | 1.1206 (C53E) | EN 10083-2 | | **ISO** | C53E | ISO 683-18 | | **JIS (Japan)** | S50C / S53C | JIS G4051 | | **GB (China)** | 50# (50钢) | GB/T 699 | | **DIN (Germany)** | 1.1206, Ck53 | DIN 17200 | | **BS (UK)** | 080M50 | BS 970 | --- ## **8. Heat Treatment Response & Potential** ### **Subsequent Heat Treatment Capabilities** | Process | Temperature Range | Purpose | Expected Results | |---------|------------------|---------|-----------------| | **Annealing** | 790-815°C (1450-1500°F) | Soften for machining | 156-207 HB, improved machinability | | **Normalizing** | 870-925°C (1600-1700°F) | Grain refinement | 187-229 HB, uniform structure | | **Spheroidizing** | 700-750°C (1290-1380°F) | Maximum softness | 149-179 HB, best machinability | | **Quenching** | 830-855°C (1525-1575°F) | Maximum hardness | 62-66 HRC as-quenched | | **Tempering** | 200-650°C (400-1200°F) | Desired properties | 25-55 HRC depending on temperature | ### **Typical Hardness After Heat Treatment** | Tempering Temperature | Hardness (HRC) | Tensile Strength | |----------------------|----------------|-----------------| | **200°C (400°F)** | 52-56 | 1600-1800 MPa | | **400°C (750°F)** | 44-48 | 1300-1500 MPa | | **600°C (1110°F)** | 32-36 | 900-1100 MPa | ### **Hardenability Data (Jominy Test Typical)** | Distance from Quenched End | Hardness (HRC) | |----------------------------|----------------| | **1.5 mm (1/16")** | 63-66 | | **5.0 mm (3/16")** | 55-60 | | **10.0 mm (3/8")** | 45-50 | | **20.0 mm (3/4")** | 35-40 | | **30.0 mm (1-3/16")** | 25-30 | --- ## **9. Primary Applications** ### **Forging & Hot Working Applications** - Drop forging blanks for tools and hardware - Hot upset forging stock - Forged shaft and axle blanks - Hand tool forgings (hammers, wrenches) - Agricultural tool components ### **Machinery & Equipment Components** - Gear blanks for subsequent hardening - Sprocket and chain wheel blanks - Machine tool components requiring heat treatment - Heavy-duty shaft and spindle stock - Bearing race and roller blanks ### **Automotive & Transportation** - Heavy-duty axle shafts (after heat treatment) - Transmission gear blanks - Steering system components - Suspension parts requiring high strength - Brake system components ### **Tool & Die Applications** - Tool holder blanks - Die blocks and inserts - Cutting tool shanks - Mold bases and components - Punch and die stock ### **Industrial & Construction** - Excavator bucket teeth blanks - Wear plate and liner stock - Heavy equipment pins and bushings - Crane hook and lifting component blanks - Mining and quarrying equipment parts ### **Agricultural Equipment** - Plow share and cultivator point blanks - Harvester cutting component stock - Tractor transmission part blanks - Implement drive shaft stock --- ## **10. Fabrication & Processing Guidelines** ### **Machining Operations** - **Optimal Condition**: Annealed or spheroidized for best results - **Tool Selection**: Carbide tools recommended, HSS with proper geometry acceptable - **Cutting Parameters**: - Turning: 20-35 m/min (65-115 ft/min) - Milling: 25-40 m/min (80-130 ft/min) - Drilling: 15-25 m/min (50-80 ft/min) - **Coolant**: Essential for tool life and surface finish - **Chip Control**: Produces continuous chips; chip breakers recommended - **Scale Removal**: Must remove mill scale before precision machining ### **Welding Procedures** - **Pre-heating**: 250-350°C (480-660°F) mandatory - **Electrodes**: E10018, E11018 low-hydrogen required - **Interpass Temperature**: 200-250°C (400-480°F) - **Post-Weld Treatment**: 600-650°C (1110-1200°F) stress relief + re-heat treatment - **Alternative Methods**: Mechanical fastening or brazing preferred - **Weldability Rating**: Poor - not recommended for critical structures ### **Hot Forming & Forging** - **Forging Temperature Range**: 1150-850°C (2100-1560°F) - **Optimum Forging Temperature**: 1050-1150°C (1920-2100°F) - **Finishing Temperature**: ≥850°C (1560°F) - **Reduction Ratio**: Minimum 3:1 recommended - **Scale Loss**: 1-3% typical during forging ### **Cold Forming** - **Limited Capability**: Only simple bending with large radii - **Minimum Bend Radius**: 4-5× thickness for cold bending - **Annealing Required**: For any significant cold deformation - **Springback**: Significant; must be accounted for in tooling ### **Surface Preparation & Finishing** - **Scale Removal Methods**: - Abrasive blasting (most effective) - Pickling in acid solution - Mechanical descaling - **Surface Treatments Available**: - Induction or flame hardening - Carburizing or carbonitriding - Hard chrome plating - Phosphating or black oxide - Painting or powder coating (after proper preparation) --- ## **11. Quality Assurance & Inspection** ### **Standard Testing Requirements** | Test Type | Frequency | Standard | Acceptance Criteria | |-----------|-----------|----------|-------------------| | Chemical Analysis | Per heat | ASTM E415 | Within specified ranges | | Tensile Test | Per lot | ASTM A370 | Meet minimum values | | Hardness Test | Per bundle | ASTM E10 | Within 187-235 HB range | | Dimensional Check | Per shipment | ASTM A29 | Within commercial tolerances | | Visual Inspection | 100% | - | Free of major defects | ### **Optional Testing Services** - **Ultrasonic Testing**: For internal defect detection - **Magnetic Particle Inspection**: Surface crack detection - **Macroetch Testing**: ASTM E381 for solidification structure - **Microstructural Analysis**: Grain size, phase distribution - **Impact Testing**: Charpy V-notch at various temperatures - **Hardenability Testing**: Jominy end-quench test ### **Certification Requirements** - **Mill Test Reports (MTR)**: Standard with each shipment - **Chemical Certificate**: Each heat analysis - **Mechanical Test Reports**: Each test lot - **Heat Number Traceability**: Full traceability available - **Compliance Certificates**: ISO 9001, etc. --- ## **12. Available Forms & Specifications** ### **Standard Product Range** - **Rounds**: 10-300 mm (0.375-12 in) diameter - **Squares**: 10-150 mm (0.375-6 in) - **Hexagons**: 10-75 mm (0.375-3 in) - **Flats**: Various thicknesses and widths - **Forging Quality**: Upset quality available ### **Standard Conditions** - As-rolled (black finish with mill scale) - Rough turned or peeled - Annealed (upon request) - Normalized (upon request) ### **Standard Lengths** - Random mill lengths: 3-12 meters (10-40 feet) - Cut-to-length: Available with additional processing - Precision saw cutting: ±1.5 mm tolerance available --- ## **13. Storage & Handling Recommendations** ### **Storage Conditions** - **Environment**: Dry, covered storage recommended - **Temperature**: Ambient, avoid extreme fluctuations - **Humidity**: <60% relative humidity preferred - **Ventilation**: Adequate air circulation - **Stacking**: Level supports, proper weight distribution ### **Handling Procedures** - Use appropriate lifting equipment (magnets, slings) - Protect surfaces from mechanical damage - Avoid dropping or impact loading - Use spreader bars for long lengths - Follow standard material handling safety protocols ### **Inventory Management** - First-in-first-out (FIFO) system recommended - Regular inspection for surface corrosion - Proper identification and segregation - Documentation of inventory movements ### **Corrosion Protection** - **Short-term**: Natural mill scale provides limited protection - **Medium-term**: Surface rusting expected if unprotected - **Long-term Storage**: Requires protective coatings or indoor storage - **Special Conditions**: VCI paper or protective oils for extended storage --- ## **14. Comparison with Similar Grades** ### **Property Comparison** | Grade | Carbon Range | Tensile (as-rolled) | Hardness (HB) | Machinability | Primary Advantage | |-------|-------------|---------------------|---------------|---------------|-------------------| | **1045** | 0.43-0.50% | 625-775 MPa | 179-229 | 40% | Good balance | | **1050** | 0.48-0.55% | 655-795 MPa | 187-235 | 35% | Higher strength | | **1060** | 0.55-0.65% | 685-835 MPa | 201-255 | 25% | Maximum wear resistance | | **4140** | 0.38-0.43% | 655-795 MPa | 197-255 | 45% | Better toughness | ### **Cost-Performance Analysis** | Grade | Material Cost | Heat Treatment Response | Overall Value | |-------|--------------|-------------------------|---------------| | **1045** | 100% | Good | Excellent for general use | | **1050** | 105% | Very Good | Best for wear applications | | **1060** | 110% | Excellent | Specialized applications | | **4140** | 140% | Outstanding | Critical applications | --- ## **15. Technical Guidelines & Best Practices** ### **Design Considerations** 1. **Section Size Effects**: Hardness decreases with increasing section thickness 2. **Stress Concentrations**: Avoid sharp corners and notches (Kt > 2.0) 3. **Heat Treatment Planning**: Allow for distortion during quenching 4. **Surface Finish Requirements**: Specify based on application needs 5. **Quality Levels**: Define appropriate testing and certification requirements ### **Manufacturing Planning** 1. **Process Sequence**: Forge/machine → Heat treat → Finish machine 2. **Stock Allowance**: Adequate material for scale removal and final machining 3. **Heat Treatment**: Plan for proper fixtures and handling 4. **Quality Control**: Implement at critical process stages ### **Safety Considerations** 1. **Handling Safety**: Use proper PPE when handling sharp edges 2. **Machining Safety**: Secure workpieces, use machine guards 3. **Heat Treatment Safety**: Follow furnace and quench safety procedures 4. **Welding Safety**: Proper ventilation, eye protection, electrical safety --- ## **16. Economic Considerations** ### **Cost Factors** - **Raw Material**: Most economical condition for AISI 1050 - **Processing Costs**: Additional costs for heat treatment, machining - **Finish Machining**: May require more stock removal due to scale - **Overall Economy**: Best value when subsequent processing is required ### **Value Analysis** - Ideal for components requiring custom heat treatment - Cost-effective for large forgings and heavy sections - Suitable for applications where surface finish is not critical - Economical choice for prototype development --- ## **17. Technical Support & Services** ### **Available Assistance** - Material selection guidance - Heat treatment recommendations - Fabrication process optimization - Quality assurance support - Troubleshooting and problem solving ### **Supplier Services** - Cutting to specified lengths - Heat treatment processing - Basic machining operations - Surface preparation - Testing and certification - Just-in-time delivery programs --- **Disclaimer**: This technical data sheet provides general information about AISI 1050 steel in as-rolled condition. Actual properties may vary based on manufacturer, rolling mill practices, cooling conditions, and specific production parameters. For engineering applications, consult official material specifications and conduct appropriate testing. Professional engineering judgment should be applied for specific applications, particularly for safety-critical components. The high carbon content requires special consideration in welding and fabrication processes. --- **Revision**: 1.1 **Date**: November 2023 **Status**: Current Specification **Contact**: Technical Services Department -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1050 Steel, as rolled Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <4824 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1050 Steel, as rolled Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of AISI 1050 Steel, as rolled -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers AISI 1050 Steel, as rolled -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of AISI 1050 Steel, as rolled -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 1295 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition