AISI 1050 Steel, oil quenched

AISI 1050 Steel, oil quenched 845°C (1550°F), 540°C (1000°F) temper Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1050 Steel, oil quenched 845°C (1550°F), 540°C (1000°F) temper Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

AISI 1050 Steel, oil quenched 845°C (1550°F), 540°C (1000°F) temper Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ### **Product Introduction: AISI 1050 Steel, Oil Quenched & Tempered (845°C/540°C)** **Overview** AISI 1050 steel subjected to oil quenching from 845°C (1550°F) followed by tempering at 540°C (1000°F) represents a precisely engineered, high-performance condition achieved through classical quenching and tempering (Q&T) heat treatment. This specific thermal processing transforms the medium-high carbon steel into a material characterized by an excellent balance of strength, toughness, and wear resistance. The treatment develops a tempered martensitic microstructure, positioning the material for demanding applications where both high load-bearing capacity and resistance to impact are critical requirements. --- #### **1. Chemical Composition (Nominal, Weight %)** The composition adheres strictly to AISI/SAE 1050 specifications, with controlled elements to ensure successful through-hardening in moderate sections with oil quenching. | Element | Carbon (C) | Manganese (Mn) | Phosphorus (P) max | Sulfur (S) max | Silicon (Si) | Iron (Fe) | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Content (%)** | 0.48 - 0.55 | 0.60 - 0.90 | 0.040 | 0.050 | 0.15 - 0.35 | Balance | * **Metallurgical Significance for Q&T:** * **Carbon (0.48-0.55%):** The critical element for martensite formation. This carbon level provides substantial solid solution strengthening in martensite, dictating the maximum achievable hardness (~50-55 HRC as-quenched) and significantly contributing to final strength after tempering at 540°C. * **Manganese (0.60-0.90%):** Crucially enhances hardenability, allowing AISI 1050 to form martensite through a practical depth during oil quenching. This is essential for achieving a fully martensitic starting structure prior to the specified high-temperature temper. * **Silicon (0.15-0.35%):** Provides solid solution strengthening and offers moderate resistance to softening during the tempering process. --- #### **2. Physical & Mechanical Properties (Typical, Q&T 845°C / 540°C)** *This Q&T cycle produces a strong, tough, and somewhat ductile condition, often referred to as a "tough" or "high" temper.* * **Hardness:** **~280-340 HB** (Approximately **28-35 HRC**) * **Tensile Strength (Ultimate):** **950-1150 MPa** (138-167 ksi) * **Yield Strength (0.2% Offset):** **800-1000 MPa** (116-145 ksi) * **Elongation (in 50mm / 2in):** **12-18%** * **Reduction of Area:** **35-50%** * **Impact Toughness (Charpy V-notch):** **35-60 J** (26-44 ft-lbf) - *Good toughness for this strength level, optimized by the 540°C temper.* * **Fatigue Strength:** **High.** The tempered martensitic structure provides excellent resistance to cyclic loading. * **Microstructure:** **Tempered Martensite (Sorbite).** The 540°C temper causes significant precipitation and coalescence of fine alloy carbides within a recovered ferrite matrix. This structure optimally balances strength and toughness. * **Machinability:** **Fair to Poor (40-50%).** Requires robust, wear-resistant tooling (carbide recommended), positive rake angles, and adequate cooling. --- #### **3. Heat Treatment Process: Quenching & Tempering (845°C / 540°C)** This is a two-stage transformation heat treatment: 1. **Austenitizing & Quenching:** * Heat uniformly to **845°C (1550°F)**, held to fully austenitize and dissolve carbides. * **Oil Quench:** Rapidly cooled in oil. This intermediate quenchant minimizes distortion and cracking risk compared to water, while providing sufficient cooling to form martensite in moderate sections of AISI 1050. Result: hard, brittle **untempered martensite**. 2. **Tempering:** * Reheat to **540°C (1000°F)** – a **high-temperature temper** – and hold. * **Metallurgical Effect:** Drives the tempering reactions where carbon diffuses from the supersaturated martensite, forming finely dispersed carbide particles (Fe₃C). This dramatically **increases toughness and ductility** while **reducing hardness and strength** from the as-quenched state. * **Cooling:** Typically air cooled from the tempering temperature. --- #### **4. Product Applications** This Q&T condition is specified for high-stress, dynamic components requiring a reliable combination of strength and toughness. * **High-Stress Shafts and Axles:** Drive shafts, torsion bars, axle shafts, and propeller shafts in automotive, truck, and general machinery. * **Gears and Sprockets:** Medium-to-heavy-duty gears, pinions, and sprockets requiring good core strength, resistance to tooth bending fatigue, and some impact resistance. * **High-Strength Fasteners:** Bolts, studs, and pins (e.g., meeting or exceeding specifications like ASTM A449 Grade 8.2). * **Hydraulic and Pneumatic Components:** Piston rods, cylinder barrels, and components in high-pressure fluid power systems. * **Tooling and Machine Parts:** Dies, mandrels, jigs, and press components that require high strength and good toughness. * **Agricultural and Construction Equipment:** Pins, linkages, bucket teeth adapters, and other high-wear, high-impact components. * **Connecting Rods and Crankshafts:** For medium-duty engines and compressors. --- #### **5. Relevant International Standards** This heat-treated condition is often specified by performance requirements or proprietary specifications. * **ASTM (USA):** * **ASTM A29/A29M:** Allows specification of heat-treated bars to required hardness or mechanical properties. * **ASTM A322:** Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Alloy, Standard Grades (often referenced for Q&T properties). * **ASTM A449:** Specification for Quenched and Tempered Steel Bolts and Studs – this temper aligns with properties for certain diameters. * **SAE (USA - Automotive):** **SAE J403, J412** (Grade 1050). The thermal treatment is a supplementary requirement. * **UNS (Unified Numbering System):** **G10500** * **ISO (International):** * **ISO 683-1:** Heat-treatable steels... Part 1. Condition "-QT" for quenched and tempered, with properties to be specified. * **DIN (Germany):** **DIN EN 10083-2:** Steels for quenching and tempering. Material **C50E / 1.1206** would be supplied in condition **+QT** with specified hardness/strength. * **JIS (Japan):** JIS G4051 (S50C). Can be supplied quenched and tempered to specified hardness. * **Common Procurement Practice:** Typically ordered to a required hardness range (e.g., 30-34 HRC) or minimum mechanical properties (YS, UTS, %El). --- #### **6. Key Advantages & Considerations** * **Advantages:** * **Excellent Strength-Toughness Balance:** The 540°C temper prioritizes toughness and ductility while retaining high strength, providing good resistance to impact and overload. * **Good Fatigue and Wear Resistance:** Suitable for components subjected to cyclic stresses and moderate wear. * **Relief of Quenching Stresses:** The tempering process eliminates dangerous internal stresses from quenching, ensuring dimensional stability in service. * **Predictable Performance:** Provides a consistent, engineered set of properties. * **Considerations:** * **Limited Hardenability (Section Size Sensitivity):** As a plain carbon steel, the depth of full hardening is limited. Core properties in sections thicker than ~25-30mm (1-1.25in) may not reach the same level as the surface. * **Dimensional Changes & Distortion:** Quenching causes distortion that must be accounted for; machining after heat treatment is often required. * **Surface Decarburization:** If not protected during austenitizing, surface decarb can reduce fatigue strength; post-heat treat machining of critical surfaces is common. * **Welding is Not Recommended:** The high-carbon martensitic structure is extremely crack-sensitive in the HAZ. If unavoidable, extensive pre/post-weld procedures are mandatory. * **Machining Difficulty:** Harder and stronger than annealed/normalized states, requiring more power and specialized tooling. --- #### **7. Comparison with Other Tempering Temperatures for AISI 1050** | Tempering Temp. | Approx. Hardness (HRC) | UTS (MPa) | Primary Characteristic | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **200°C (400°F)** | 45-50 | 1300-1500 | Maximum Hardness/Wear Resistance | | **425°C (800°F)** | 35-40 | 1100-1250 | Balanced Strength & Toughness | | **540°C (1000°F)** | **28-35** | **950-1150** | **High Toughness & Good Strength** | | **650°C (1200°F)** | <20 | 620-750 | Maximum Ductility (Spring Temper) | **Summary:** AISI 1050 oil quenched from 845°C and tempered at 540°C is a robust, engineering-grade material condition optimized for **components subjected to high stress with a significant risk of impact or overload**. It sacrifices some hardness and wear resistance for markedly improved toughness and ductility. This makes it an ideal choice for dynamically loaded components in automotive, heavy machinery, and equipment where resistance to brittle fracture is as important as strength, providing a reliable safety margin in service. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1050 Steel, oil quenched 845°C (1550°F), 540°C (1000°F) temper Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <6114 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1050 Steel, oil quenched 845°C (1550°F), 540°C (1000°F) temper Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of AISI 1050 Steel, oil quenched 845°C (1550°F), 540°C (1000°F) temper -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers AISI 1050 Steel, oil quenched 845°C (1550°F), 540°C (1000°F) temper -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of AISI 1050 Steel, oil quenched 845°C (1550°F), 540°C (1000°F) temper -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 2585 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition