AISI 1060 Steel, cold drawn, spheroidized annealed

AISI 1060 Steel, cold drawn, spheroidized annealed, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1060 Steel, cold drawn, spheroidized annealed, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

AISI 1060 Steel, cold drawn, spheroidized annealed, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **Product Introduction: AISI 1060 Steel, Cold Drawn, Spheroidized Annealed, 19-32mm (0.75-1.25 in) Round Bar** **AISI 1060, Cold Drawn & Spheroidized Annealed** in the 19-32mm diameter range is a premium-processed **high-carbon steel bar** engineered to deliver the optimal combination of dimensional precision, superior machinability, and predictable hardenability. This specific processing route transforms the high-carbon AISI 1060 steel into an ideal raw material for manufacturing components that require complex machining followed by heat treatment to achieve extreme hardness and wear resistance. The **cold drawing** process improves dimensional accuracy, surface finish, and provides a slight increase in strength. The subsequent **spheroidize annealing** is the critical step: it produces a microstructure of soft, globular carbides uniformly dispersed in a soft ferrite matrix. This results in the lowest possible hardness and maximum ductility for this chemistry, making it readily machinable and minimizing the risk of cracking during the subsequent hardening process. --- ## **1. Chemical Composition (Per AISI/SAE 1060 Standard)** The composition defines a high-carbon steel with consistent chemistry for predictable heat treatment. | Element | Carbon (C) | Manganese (Mn) | Phosphorus (P) | Sulfur (S) | **Key Characteristic** | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Content** | **0.55 - 0.65** | 0.60 - 0.90 | ≤ 0.040 | ≤ 0.050 | **High-carbon, hardenable steel.** | | **Role** | **Primary source of ultimate hardness & wear resistance.** Forms hard martensite/carbides. | Provides hardenability for deeper hardening. | Impurity; controlled low. | Impurity; controlled low. | Not a free-machining grade. | **Critical Features of the Composition & Processing:** * **High Carbon Content (0.55-0.65%):** This enables the steel to achieve very high hardness (up to ~66 HRC as-quenched) after proper heat treatment. The spheroidize anneal makes this otherwise difficult-to-machine chemistry workable. * **Spheroidized Microstructure:** The annealing cycle is controlled to transform the hard, lamellar cementite (pearlite) into soft, spherical carbides. This drastically reduces hardness, improves ductility, and minimizes stress risers that could initiate cracks during machining or quenching. * **Cold Drawn Benefits:** Provides a smooth, scale-free surface and tight diameter tolerances, reducing the amount of stock that must be removed during machining. --- ## **2. Physical & Mechanical Properties (Cold Drawn & Spheroidized Annealed)** Properties in this supplied condition are optimized for manufacturability and preparation for hardening. | Property | **Typical Value - CD & Spheroidized Annealed (19-32mm Dia.)** | **Technical Significance** | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Hardness** | **≤ 200 HB** (Typically **165 - 190 HB**) | **Key Benefit:** The softest possible state for AISI 1060, enabling excellent machinability. | | **Tensile Strength (Rm)** | **550 - 700 MPa (80 - 102 ksi)** | Low strength relative to its potential, ideal for machining. | | **Yield Strength (Rp0.2)** | **≥ 310 MPa (≥ 45 ksi)** | | | **Elongation (in 50mm / 2in)** | **≥ 15%** | **High ductility** allows for some light forming after machining if needed. | | **Microstructure** | **Spheroidized cementite in a ferritic matrix** (per ASTM E112/E381). | The defining feature that enables machinability and reduces quench cracking. | | **Surface Finish** | **Smooth, scale-free.** Typical roughness ≤ 3.2 µm (125 µin) Ra. | Superior to hot-rolled, ready for precision machining. | | **Dimensional Tolerance** | Meets **ASTM A108** precision tolerances for cold-finished bars (e.g., ±0.075mm to ±0.10mm). | Reduces machining allowance and setup time. | | **Machinability** | **Good (for a high-carbon steel).** The spheroidized structure provides predictable tool wear, good chip control (though chips can be stringy), and allows for excellent surface finishes. Vastly superior to normalized or as-rolled 1060. | **Primary reason for specifying this condition.** | | **Hardenability (Potential)** | Good. The consistent microstructure provides a uniform starting point for hardening, leading to predictable results after quenching and tempering. | | **Final Properties After Customer Hardening (Q&T):** * **Hardness:** 56 - 64 HRC (depending on tempering) * **Tensile Strength (Rm):** 1900 - 2300 MPa * **Toughness:** **Very Low** (characteristic of hardened high-carbon steel). Design must avoid impact and notch sensitivity. --- ## **3. Product Applications** This material form is specified for **high-precision, high-wear components** that require extensive machining of complex geometries before final hardening. * **Precision Cutting Tools & Blades:** **Industrial knife blades, slitter blades, and complex cutters** requiring intricate machining before heat treatment. * **Tooling & Die Components:** **Punches, forming dies, molding inserts, and gauges** with tight tolerances. * **Machine Tool Elements:** **Lead screws, precision guide ways, and spindle components** that are finish-machined before surface hardening. * **High-Wear Automotive Parts:** **Racing valve springs, high-performance clutch components, and camshafts.** * **Gear Blanks:** **Pre-machined blanks** for gears that will be through-hardened or case-hardened. --- ## **4. International & Equivalent Standards** AISI 1060 is a standard grade; the processing defines the product. | Standard System | Equivalent Grade & Condition | **Relationship / Note** | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **AISI / SAE (USA)** | **1060** | The base grade standard. | | **ASTM A108** | **Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Cold-Finished** | **Governing standard for the cold-drawn condition and tolerances.** | | **UNS** | G10600 | Unified Numbering System. | | **EN 10083-2** | **1.1208 (C60E / C60R)** | European equivalent (C: 0.57-0.65%). "C60E" is the engineering steel designation. | | **JIS G4801** | **SUP6** (Spring Steel) | Japanese equivalent with similar carbon (0.56-0.64%C). | | **JIS G4401** | **SK5 / SK6** | Japanese carbon tool steel equivalents. | | **GB/T 699** | **60# / 65# Steel** | Chinese equivalents (60#: 0.57-0.65%C). | **Key Distinction:** The product is **"AISI 1060, Cold Drawn, Spheroidized Annealed."** This is a **value-added, premium starting condition** for manufacturing. Ordering generic "1060" or "1060 Annealed" may result in material with a harder, less machinable pearlitic microstructure. The specific callout for spheroidized annealing is crucial for demanding applications. --- ## **5. Key Advantages & Considerations** **Advantages:** * **Optimal Machinability for High-Carbon Steel:** Enables the economical and precise machining of complex parts that would be prohibitively difficult or expensive to machine in a harder state. * **Minimized Risk of Quench Cracking:** The soft, homogeneous spheroidized structure has low internal stress and no sharp carbide networks, making it more forgiving during the high-stress quenching operation. * **Excellent Dimensional Stability:** The combination of cold drawing (stress) and spheroidize annealing (stress relief) produces a stable bar that minimizes distortion during machining. * **Superior Surface Finish:** The smooth, decarb-free cold-drawn surface allows for excellent machined finishes. **Considerations:** * **Additional Cost:** Both cold drawing and spheroidize annealing add significant cost over hot-rolled material. * **Mandatory Final Heat Treatment:** The material is **useless for service in this soft state.** Customer hardening (quenching and tempering) is an absolute and critical requirement. * **Stringy Chips:** Can produce long, tough, stringy chips during turning operations, requiring appropriate tool geometries and chip breakers. * **Inherent Brittleness After Hardening:** Despite the optimal starting condition, the final hardened component will have very low toughness. **Designs must eliminate stress concentrations and avoid impact loading.** --- **Disclaimer:** The **spheroidized annealed condition is specified solely for machining and to facilitate safe hardening.** All design calculations **must be based on the mechanical properties achieved after the customer's final quenching and tempering process.** It is imperative to: 1. **Explicitly specify "Spheroidized Annealed" in the purchase order.** 2. **Obtain and follow precise heat treatment parameters** from the steel supplier or a metallurgist for austenitizing, quenching (typically in oil), and tempering. 3. **Conduct first-article validation** to ensure the combined cycle of machining and heat treatment yields components that meet all dimensional and performance specifications without cracking. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1060 Steel, cold drawn, spheroidized annealed, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <5098 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1060 Steel, cold drawn, spheroidized annealed, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of AISI 1060 Steel, cold drawn, spheroidized annealed, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers AISI 1060 Steel, cold drawn, spheroidized annealed, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of AISI 1060 Steel, cold drawn, spheroidized annealed, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 1569 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition