AISI 1090 Steel Sheet,Plate

AISI 1090 Steel Sheet/Plate, cold drawn, spheroidized annealed, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1090 Steel Sheet/Plate, cold drawn, spheroidized annealed, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

AISI 1090 Steel, cold drawn, spheroidized annealed, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ### **Product Data Sheet: AISI 1090 Steel, Cold Drawn, Spheroidized Annealed Round Bar (19-32 mm / 0.75-1.25 in)** #### **1. Overview** AISI 1090 (UNS G10900) in the **Cold Drawn, Spheroidized Annealed** condition represents the pinnacle of process-engineered high-carbon steel for severe forming applications. With a carbon content at the uppermost limit of standard grades, this material is inherently very hard and brittle in its normalized state. The spheroidized anneal is not merely beneficial but **essential** to transform it into a workable material, producing the softest, most ductile, and uniform microstructure possible. Combined with cold drawing for precision, this product is the definitive starting material for manufacturers who must perform complex cold shaping operations before achieving the ultimate in hardness, wear resistance, and edge retention through final heat treatment. --- #### **2. Chemical Composition (AISI/SAE Standard)** | Element | Content (%) | | :--- | :--- | | **Carbon (C)** | **0.85 - 0.98** | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.60 - 0.90 | | **Phosphorus (P)** | ≤ 0.040 | | **Sulfur (S)** | ≤ 0.050 | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.15 - 0.35 | | **Iron (Fe)** | Balance | **Note:** The carbon range (0.85-0.98%) positions AISI 1090 at the absolute peak of the standard high-carbon steel series. This chemistry enables the **maximum attainable hardness (~66-68 HRC)** and wear resistance for a non-alloy steel, but also demands meticulous heat treatment control. --- #### **3. Typical Physical & Mechanical Properties (As-Delivered)** *Properties are for the spheroidized annealed & cold-drawn state, optimized for maximum formability.* | Property | Typical Value / Description | | :--- | :--- | | **Condition** | Spheroidized Annealed + Cold Drawn | | **Microstructure** | **Spheroidite** (Fine, globular carbides uniformly dispersed in a soft ferrite matrix) | | **Tensile Strength** | **570 - 740 MPa (83 - 107 ksi)** | | **Yield Strength (0.2% Offset)** | **480 - 650 MPa (70 - 94 ksi)** *(Enhanced by cold work)* | | **Elongation (in 50 mm)** | **≥ 10%** | | **Reduction in Area** | **≥ 40%** | | **Hardness** | **85 - 100 HRB** (Rockwell B) / **~ 160 - 225 HB** (Brinell) | | **Machinability** | **Good for its carbon level (~60% of AISI 1212).** The spheroidized structure offers good chip control, but the high volume fraction of carbides remains somewhat abrasive to tools. | | **Cold Formability** | **Excellent.** This is the *only* condition in which AISI 1090 can be safely cold formed. It allows for severe operations like cold heading, extrusion, and coiling without cracking. | | **Surface Finish & Tolerance** | Smooth, bright, scale-free surface with excellent dimensional accuracy and straightness (±0.05 mm to ±0.15 mm typical). | | **Hardenability Potential** | **Maximum for Carbon Steel.** After final forming, it can be quenched and tempered to achieve **65-68 HRC**, providing exceptional edge holding and abrasion resistance. | --- #### **4. Key Characteristics & Metallurgical Rationale** * **Mandatory Spheroidized Anneal:** Due to its extreme carbon content, AISI 1090 in any other microstructural state (pearlitic, as-rolled) is too brittle for reliable cold work. The spheroidizing process is a critical and non-negotiable preparatory step. * **Precision Cold Drawing:** Ensures tight dimensional tolerances, a superior surface finish free of decarburization, and introduces beneficial residual stresses that improve yield strength. * **Ultimate Performance Foundation:** This soft state is the necessary precursor to achieving the legendary performance of 1090 steel. The uniformity of the spheroidized structure is key to predictable and consistent hardening results. * **Sensitive to Overheating:** Due to the high carbon, subsequent austenitizing for hardening must be carefully controlled to prevent grain coarsening and retained austenite. --- #### **5. Primary Product Applications** This product is the specified feedstock for the most demanding applications where the limits of carbon steel performance are required. * **Ultra-High-Strength Cold Headed Fasteners:** **Critical aerospace, military, and high-performance automotive fasteners** requiring the highest strength-to-weight ratio from a steel fastener. * **Premium Cutting Tool Blanks:** The premier choice for blanks of **high-end knives (custom, tactical), surgical blades, precision cutters, and industrial blades** where supreme edge retention is non-negotiable. * **Highest-Stress Springs (Cold Coiled):** Wire for **valve springs in racing engines, high-cycle precision springs, and sensitive instrument springs** where maximum elastic limit and fatigue resistance are critical. * **Precision Machined Wear Components:** Parts such as **guillotine blades, textile cutters, and precision gauge parts** that are machined before hardening to a razor-sharp edge or precise dimension. * **Bearing and Tooling Blanks:** For components that are machined to final shape and then through-hardened for extreme wear life. --- #### **6. Relevant International & Industry Standards** | Standard System | Standard Designation | Title / Scope | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **AISI / SAE / UNS (USA)** | **1090, SAE J403, UNS G10900** | Standard Grade Designation | | **ASTM (USA)** | **ASTM A1074** | **Key Standard:** Specification for Hot-Rolled and Spheroidized Annealed Steel Bars for Forging and Similar Applications. | | **ASTM (USA)** | **ASTM A29/A29M** | Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy. Spheroidize annealing is an optional requirement. | | **ASTM (USA)** | **ASTM A510** | Specification for General Requirements for Wire Rods and Coarse Round Wire. | | **DIN / EN (Germany/EU)** | **1.1274 / C90W2 (+C)** or **1.1545 (+C)** | EN 10263-4: Steel rod, bars and wire for cold heading and cold extrusion. The "+C" denotes spheroidized annealed. | | **JIS (Japan)** | **SWRCH87A / SWRCH90A** | Carbon steel wires for cold heading (JIS G3507-1). | | **GB (China)** | **90# / T9(A)** | Cold Heading Steel (GB/T 6478) or Tool Steel equivalent. | --- ### **Processing Pathway & Critical Notes** 1. **Fabrication:** Perform all **cold heading, forging, extrusion, or precision machining** in this soft state. 2. **Stress Relieving (Mandatory after Severe Work):** A low-temperature stress relief (~345-425°C / 650-800°F) is critical after cold forming to prevent quench cracking. 3. **Heat Treatment (Requires Expert Precision):** * **Austenitize:** ~770-790°C (1420-1450°F). **Use a controlled atmosphere to prevent decarb.** Soak time must be sufficient but not excessive. * **Quench:** **Warm oil (40-60°C)** with strong agitation is standard. Water quenching is extremely high-risk and rarely used. * **Temper:** **Immediately and fully.** Double or triple tempering is common. Temperatures range from **150-200°C (300-400°F) for maximum hardness** to **350-450°C (660-840°F) for high-strength tools/springs**. 4. **Finishing:** Final grinding and polishing. **Weldability:** **Practically Non-Existent.** Welding is **strongly discouraged** and will almost certainly result in cracking. Any joining must be mechanical. **Summary:** **AISI 1090 Cold Drawn, Spheroidized Annealed round bar is the ultimate process-ready form of high-carbon steel.** It enables the manufacture of components that demand the **absolute maximum performance in hardness and strength from a non-alloy material.** Its use is justified only where the application justifies the additional cost and processing complexity, and where the manufacturer possesses the expertise to properly execute the final, delicate hardening process. This material is the choice for connoisseurs and engineers seeking to push carbon steel to its functional limits. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1090 Steel, cold drawn, spheroidized annealed, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <4897 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1090 Steel, cold drawn, spheroidized annealed, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of AISI 1090 Steel Sheet,Plate, cold drawn, spheroidized annealed, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers AISI 1090 Steel Sheet,Plate, cold drawn, spheroidized annealed, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of AISI 1090 Steel Sheet/Plate, cold drawn, spheroidized annealed, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Sheet/Plate drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 1368 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition