AISI 4027 Steel, annealed

AISI 4027 Steel, annealed, 25 mm (1 in.) round Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 4027 Steel, annealed, 25 mm (1 in.) round Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

AISI 4027 Steel, annealed, 25 mm (1 in.) round Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **Technical Data Sheet: AISI 4027 Alloy Steel, Annealed Condition** ## **25 mm (1 in.) Round Bar Product** ### **1. PRODUCT OVERVIEW** **AISI 4027 Annealed Round Bar** is a **medium-carbon molybdenum alloy steel** supplied in a stress-relieved, softened condition specifically optimized for machining and forming operations. The **25 mm (1 in.) diameter** represents one of the most commonly used sizes for general mechanical components. In the **annealed condition**, this material offers excellent machinability, good dimensional stability, and uniform mechanical properties throughout the cross-section, making it ideal for components that will undergo subsequent heat treatment after machining. --- ### **2. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD DESIGNATIONS** | Standard System | Designation | Equivalent Standard | Product Specification | |----------------|-------------|---------------------|-----------------------| | **UNS** | **G40270** | Unified Numbering System | Standard designation | | **AISI/SAE** | **4027** | SAE J404, J412 | Chemical composition | | **ASTM** | **A29/A29M** | Grade 4027, Annealed | Bar specification | | **ASTM A519** | **4027** | Seamless Mechanical Tubing | Tubular equivalent | | **EN (Europe)** | **28Mo4** | EN 10083-3 (1.7016) | European equivalent | | **DIN (Germany)** | **28Mo4** | DIN EN 10083-3 | German standard | | **JIS (Japan)** | **SCM425** (Similar) | JIS G4105 | Japanese chromium-molybdenum | | **ISO** | **Type 28Mo4** | ISO 683-11 | International standard | | **GB (China)** | **30Mo** | GB/T 3077 | Chinese equivalent | --- ### **3. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION SPECIFICATION** #### **Standard Composition Ranges (SAE J404)** | Element | Minimum (%) | Maximum (%) | Typical (%) | Function in Annealed State | |---------|-------------|-------------|-------------|----------------------------| | **Carbon (C)** | 0.25 | 0.30 | 0.27 | Controls final strength potential | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.70 | 0.90 | 0.80 | Promotes uniformity in annealing | | **Phosphorus (P)** | - | 0.035 | 0.020 | Residual (minimized for machinability) | | **Sulfur (S)** | - | 0.040 | 0.025 | Controlled for optimal machinability | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.15 | 0.35 | 0.25 | Aids in deoxidation, minimal effect annealed | | **Molybdenum (Mo)** | 0.20 | 0.30 | 0.25 | Provides hardenability for later heat treatment | | **Iron (Fe)** | Balance | Balance | Balance | Base metal | #### **Special Annealed Condition Requirements** - **Decarburization**: ≤0.15 mm maximum total depth for 25 mm diameter - **Microstructure**: Uniform ferrite-pearlite structure, ASTM grain size 5-7 - **Hardness Uniformity**: ±10 HB maximum variation across diameter - **Residual Stress**: Minimized through proper annealing cycle --- ### **4. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (ANNEALED CONDITION)** | Property | Value Range | Typical | Unit | Test Conditions | |----------|-------------|---------|------|-----------------| | **Density** | 7.84-7.86 | 7.85 | g/cm³ | At 20°C | | **Thermal Conductivity** | 46-49 | 47.5 | W/m·K | At 20°C | | **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion** | 11.6-12.0 | 11.8 | μm/m·°C | 20-200°C | | **Specific Heat Capacity** | 470-485 | 475 | J/kg·K | At 20°C | | **Electrical Resistivity** | 0.22-0.26 | 0.24 | μΩ·m | At 20°C | | **Magnetic Permeability** | High | - | - | Ferromagnetic | #### **Thermal Properties Relevant to Machining** - **Chip Formation Temperature**: 400-500°C during typical machining - **Thermal Softening Point**: 650°C+ (maintains hardness during machining) - **Heat Transfer**: Good conductivity aids in heat dissipation during cutting --- ### **5. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (ANNEALED 25 mm ROUND)** #### **Guaranteed Minimum Properties** | Property | Minimum | Typical | Maximum | Unit | Test Standard | |----------|---------|---------|---------|------|---------------| | **Tensile Strength** | 550 | 585 | 620 | MPa | ASTM E8 | | **Yield Strength (Rp0.2)** | 350 | 385 | 420 | MPa | ASTM E8 | | **Elongation (A50mm)** | 20 | 23 | 26 | % | ASTM E8 | | **Reduction of Area** | 40 | 46 | 52 | % | ASTM E8 | | **Brinell Hardness** | 163 | 174 | 185 | HB | ASTM E10 | | **Rockwell Hardness** | 85 | 88 | 91 | HRB | ASTM E18 | #### **Anisotropic Properties (25 mm Round)** | Orientation | Tensile Strength | Elongation | Hardness | |-------------|-----------------|------------|----------| | **Longitudinal** | 100% | 100% | Uniform | | **Transverse** | 98-102% | 95-100% | Uniform | | **Radial** | 97-101% | 90-95% | Uniform | #### **Properties by Position in Cross-Section** | Location from Center | Hardness (HB) | Variation | |----------------------|---------------|-----------| | **Surface (0 mm)** | 172-176 | ±2 HB | | **Mid-Radius (6.25 mm)** | 173-177 | ±2 HB | | **Center (12.5 mm)** | 170-174 | ±2 HB | --- ### **6. DIMENSIONAL SPECIFICATIONS (25 mm ROUND)** #### **Standard Tolerances** | Parameter | Tolerance | Standard | Notes | |-----------|-----------|----------|-------| | **Diameter** | 25.00 ±0.13 mm | h11 | ISO 286-2 | | **Out-of-Roundness** | ≤0.04 mm | - | Maximum deviation | | **Straightness** | ≤1.0 mm/m | ASTM A29 | For 3m length | | **Surface Roughness** | Ra ≤ 3.2 μm | ISO 4288 | As-supplied condition | #### **Special 25 mm Product Features** - **Diameter Consistency**: ±0.05 mm within single bar - **End Squareness**: ≤1° deviation from perpendicular - **Length Tolerances**: - Standard lengths: 3m, 4m, 6m (±10 mm) - Cut-to-length: ±1 mm per cut - **Weight per Meter**: 3.85 kg/m (theoretical) #### **Packaging for 25 mm Rounds** - **Bundle Weight**: Typically 500-2000 kg - **Protection**: VCI paper or light oil coating - **Identification**: Color-coded ends or tags - **Strapping**: Steel straps at 1m intervals --- ### **7. ANNEALING PROCESS SPECIFICATION** #### **Standard Annealing Cycle** | Parameter | Value | Duration | Purpose | |-----------|-------|----------|---------| | **Heating Rate** | 150-200°C/hour | - | Prevent thermal shock | | **Soaking Temperature** | 830-860°C | 1 hour | Complete austenitization | | **Soaking Time** | 30 minutes minimum | - | Temperature uniformity | | **Cooling Rate** | 25-50°C/hour to 600°C | - | Ferrite-pearlite formation | | **Final Cooling** | Air cool from 600°C | - | Complete transformation | #### **Annealed Microstructure Requirements** - **Structure**: 60-70% pearlite, 30-40% ferrite - **Pearlite Morphology**: Lamellar spacing 0.2-0.4 μm - **Grain Size**: ASTM 5-7 (fine to medium) - **Inclusion Rating**: ASTM E45 ≤1.5 all types --- ### **8. MACHINABILITY CHARACTERISTICS** #### **Machinability Ratings** - **Relative to B1112**: 60% (B1112 = 100%) - **Machinability Index**: 0.65 (1.0 = best) - **Tool Life Expectancy**: Good with proper parameters #### **Recommended Cutting Parameters** | Operation | Speed (m/min) | Feed (mm/rev) | Depth (mm) | Tool Type | |-----------|---------------|---------------|------------|-----------| | **Turning** | 35-50 | 0.15-0.30 | 1-4 | Carbide C2-C4 | | **Drilling** | 20-30 | 0.10-0.20 | Full | HSS or carbide | | **Milling** | 40-60 | 0.08-0.15 | 1-3 | Carbide end mills | | **Tapping** | 5-10 | - | - | HSS taps | #### **Chip Characteristics** - **Chip Type**: Continuous to slightly segmented - **Chip Color**: Blue to straw colored (proper cutting) - **Chip Control**: Good with chip breakers - **Surface Finish**: Ra 1.6-3.2 μm achievable --- ### **9. HEAT TREATMENT POTENTIAL** #### **Response to Subsequent Heat Treatment** | Treatment | Expected Hardness | Dimensional Change | Notes for 25 mm | |-----------|------------------|-------------------|-----------------| | **Normalizing** | 180-200 HB | +0.1% diameter | Good uniformity | | **Quench & Temper** | 28-35 HRC | +0.2-0.3% diameter | Full hardening possible | | **Induction Hardening** | 50-55 HRC (case) | Minimal | Excellent for 25 mm | | **Carburizing** | 58-62 HRC (case) | +0.3-0.5% diameter | Good candidate | #### **Optimal Heat Treatment Sequence** 1. **Machine in annealed condition** 2. **Stress relieve if heavy machining** (650°C, 1 hour) 3. **Heat treat to final hardness** 4. **Finish grind if required** --- ### **10. PRIMARY APPLICATIONS (25 mm SIZE)** #### **Automotive Components** - **Transmission shafts** and gears - **Steering components** (linkages, arms) - **Suspension parts** (bushings, brackets) - **Fastener blanks** for high-strength bolts #### **Industrial Machinery** - **Shafts and spindles** for various equipment - **Gear blanks** for power transmission - **Machine tool components** (feed screws, arbors) - **Hydraulic components** (piston rods, valves) #### **General Engineering** - **Axles and pivots** for material handling - **Connecting rods** and levers - **Bearing journals** and races - **Structural pins** and dowels #### **Specific 25 mm Applications** - **Pump shafts** for industrial pumps - **Roller shafts** for conveyors - **Valve stems** for control valves - **Coupling shafts** for power transmission --- ### **11. FORMING & FABRICATION** #### **Cold Forming Capability** | Process | Suitability | Limitations | |---------|-------------|-------------| | **Bending** | Good | Minimum radius: 2× diameter (50 mm) | | **Rolling** | Fair | Limited to gentle curves | | **Swaging** | Good | Up to 10% reduction | | **Threading** | Excellent | All standard thread forms | | **Knurling** | Excellent | Diamond or straight pattern | #### **Hot Working (if required)** - **Forging Temperature**: 1150-850°C - **Finishing Temperature**: ≥850°C - **Post-forging**: Re-anneal required --- ### **12. QUALITY ASSURANCE** #### **Testing Requirements for 25 mm Rounds** | Test | Frequency | Specification | Method | |------|-----------|---------------|--------| | **Hardness Test** | Each bar sampled | 163-185 HB | ASTM E10 | | **Dimensional Check** | 100% | h11 tolerance | Caliper/micrometer | | **Surface Inspection** | 100% visual | No defects >0.2 mm | Visual/magnification | | **Straightness** | Sample | ≤1.0 mm/m | Straight edge | #### **Certification** - **Mill Certificate**: EN 10204 3.1 minimum - **Traceability**: Heat number, processing history - **Additional Tests**: Available on request (UT, MT, etc.) --- ### **13. STORAGE & HANDLING** #### **Storage Recommendations** - **Environment**: Dry, covered storage preferred - **Temperature**: Ambient, avoid condensation - **Stacking**: Flat on supports, max 5 layers - **Protection**: VCI paper for >30 days storage #### **Handling Guidelines** - **Lifting**: Use appropriate slings for bundle weights - **Transportation**: Secure against movement - **Cutting**: Band saw or cold saw recommended - **Safety**: Standard PPE for handling steel bars --- ### **14. COST & AVAILABILITY** #### **Economic Factors** - **Price Basis**: Typically per kilogram or per piece - **Minimum Order**: 100 kg for 25 mm rounds - **Lead Time**: 2-4 weeks ex-stock, 6-8 weeks mill production - **Volume Discounts**: Available for >1000 kg #### **Value Proposition** - **Machining Savings**: Good machinability reduces processing time - **Material Utilization**: Efficient use with minimal waste - **Heat Treatment Ready**: Optimal condition for subsequent processing - **Consistency**: Uniform properties reduce production variables --- ### **15. TECHNICAL SUMMARY** **AISI 4027 in annealed 25 mm round bar form** represents an **optimal starting material** for components requiring: 1. **Good machinability** for efficient production 2. **Subsequent heat treatment** for final properties 3. **Consistent dimensional characteristics** 4. **Reliable mechanical properties** The **25 mm diameter** is particularly well-suited for: - **Shafts and axles** in medium-duty applications - **Gear blanks** for power transmission - **Structural components** requiring heat treatment - **General mechanical parts** with strength requirements **Key Advantages for this Specific Product:** 1. **Size Optimization**: 25 mm is ideal for many mechanical components 2. **Condition Consistency**: Annealed state ensures predictable machining 3. **Heat Treatment Response**: Excellent hardenability for final properties 4. **Cost-Effectiveness**: Balanced material and processing costs --- **Disclaimer**: The properties and characteristics described are typical for commercially produced material. Actual performance may vary based on specific manufacturing processes and application conditions. For critical applications, conduct testing and consult with materials engineering specialists. **References**: - SAE J404: Chemical Compositions of SAE Alloy Steels - ASTM A29/A29M: Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy - ISO 683-11: Heat-treatable steels, alloy steels and free-cutting steels **Document Control**: - Version: 2.0 - Issue Date: October 2023 - Application: Technical Specification for 25 mm Annealed Rounds - Review Cycle: Annual -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 4027 Steel, annealed, 25 mm (1 in.) round Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <5557 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 4027 Steel, annealed, 25 mm (1 in.) round Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of AISI 4027 Steel, annealed, 25 mm (1 in.) round -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers AISI 4027 Steel, annealed, 25 mm (1 in.) round -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of AISI 4027 Steel, annealed, 25 mm (1 in.) round -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 2028 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition