AISI M1044 Merchant Quality Carbon Steel Wire

AISI M1044 Merchant Quality Carbon Steel Wire, Composition Spec Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI M1044 Merchant Quality Carbon Steel Wire, Composition Spec Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

AISI M1044 Merchant Quality Carbon Steel, Composition Spec Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **AISI M1044 Merchant Quality Carbon Steel (Composition Specification)** ## **1. Product Overview** AISI M1044 is a **resulfurized** medium-carbon steel supplied under "Merchant Quality" specifications, designed specifically for **improved machinability**. The "M" prefix in the grade designation indicates the addition of sulfur (and sometimes phosphorus) beyond standard ranges to enhance chip-breaking characteristics and reduce tool wear during high-speed machining operations. This grade is typically produced as hot-rolled or cold-drawn bars, offering an optimal balance between mechanical strength and manufacturing efficiency for volume production of machined components. ## **2. Chemical Composition (Weight %)** The key distinction of M1044 lies in its controlled sulfur content, which differentiates it from standard AISI 1044. | Element | Composition Range (%) | Notes | |---------|---------------------|-------| | Carbon (C) | 0.40 - 0.48 | Provides base strength and hardenability | | Manganese (Mn) | 1.35 - 1.65* | Elevated to combine with sulfur and prevent hot shortness | | Phosphorus (P) | 0.04 max | Typically present at upper limits to aid machinability | | **Sulfur (S)** | **0.24 - 0.33** | **Primary machinability enhancer - forms manganese sulfide inclusions** | | Silicon (Si) | 0.10 - 0.30 | Standard residual | | Iron (Fe) | Balance | - | **Note on Manganese:** The manganese content in M1044 is significantly higher than in standard 1044 (typically 0.60-0.90%). This is deliberately balanced with sulfur at approximately a 4:1 Mn:S ratio to form benign manganese sulfide (MnS) inclusions rather than harmful iron sulfides. ## **3. Physical & Mechanical Properties** *Typical values for hot-rolled condition:* ### **Physical Properties** - **Density:** 7.85 g/cm³ - **Modulus of Elasticity:** 200 GPa (29 × 10⁶ psi) - **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion:** 11.5 × 10⁻⁶/°C (20-100°C) - **Thermal Conductivity:** 51.9 W/m·K ### **Mechanical Properties (As-Rolled)** | Property | Typical Value | |----------|--------------| | Tensile Strength | 620-750 MPa (90-109 ksi) | | Yield Strength (0.2% offset) | 415 MPa min (60 ksi min) | | Elongation (in 50mm) | 18-22% | | Reduction of Area | 35-40% | | **Machinability Rating** | **85-90% (vs. 100% for AISI 1212)** | | Hardness (Brinell) | 187-229 HB | ## **4. Key Characteristics & Metallurgy** ### **Machinability Features** - **Manganese Sulfide Inclusions:** The deliberately added sulfur forms MnS inclusions that: 1. Act as internal chip breakers during machining 2. Provide lubrication at the tool-chip interface 3. Reduce cutting forces and power consumption 4. Allow for higher cutting speeds and feed rates ### **Trade-Off Considerations** - **Reduced Transverse Properties:** MnS inclusions create directional properties - ductility and impact strength are lower in the transverse direction compared to longitudinal. - **Limited Weldability:** The high sulfur content makes M1044 generally **not recommended for welding** as it promotes solidification cracking and porosity. - **Surface Finish:** May produce slightly rougher surface finish compared to non-resulfurized grades when machined at very fine feeds. ## **5. Product Applications** M1044 is specifically selected for high-volume production of parts requiring extensive machining: ### **Primary Applications** - **Automotive Components:** Transmission shafts, gear blanks, steering components, axle shafts - **Fastener Manufacturing:** High-strength bolts, screws, nuts (where machining precedes heat treatment) - **Hydraulic & Pneumatic Parts:** Valve bodies, cylinders, pump components - **Industrial Machinery:** Shafts, spindles, arbors, tool holders - **Hardware & Tools:** Die components, jigs, fixtures ### **Typical Processing Route** 1. Hot rolling to desired form (rounds, hexagons, flats) 2. Optional cold drawing for improved surface finish and tolerances 3. High-speed machining to near-net shape 4. Often followed by heat treatment (quenching and tempering) for final properties ## **6. International Standards & Equivalent Grades** ### **Direct & Close Equivalents** | Country/Region | Standard | Grade Designation | Notes | |----------------|----------|-------------------|-------| | **USA** | ASTM A29/A29M | M1044, M1045 | Standard specification for hot-wrought bars | | **USA** | ASTM A576 | Grade M1044 | Special quality for high-strength applications | | **Germany** | DIN 1654 | 9SMn28 (1.0736) | Similar resulfurized machining steel | | **Japan** | JIS G4804 | SUM43 | Free-cutting structural steel | | **International** | ISO 683/1 | 35S20 | Type C - free-cutting steel | ### **Related Standards** - **SAE J403:** Chemical composition specifications - **SAE J412:** General requirements for carbon steels - **ASTM A108:** Standard for cold-finished carbon steel bars (for cold-drawn M1044) - **AMS 5066:** Aerospace material specification (for specific quality levels) ## **7. Comparison with Standard AISI 1044** | Parameter | AISI 1044 | **AISI M1044** | |-----------|-----------|----------------| | Sulfur Content | ≤0.050% | **0.24-0.33%** | | Manganese Content | 0.60-0.90% | **1.35-1.65%** | | Machinability | ~65% | **85-90%** | | Transverse Ductility | Good | Reduced | | Weldability | Fair (with precautions) | **Not Recommended** | | Primary Advantage | Balanced properties | **Superior Machinability** | | Cost Efficiency | Material cost lower | **Lower machining costs** | ## **8. Summary** AISI M1044 Merchant Quality Carbon Steel represents a **manufacturing-optimized variant** of medium-carbon steel, where composition is specifically tailored to reduce machining time and tooling costs in high-volume production environments. The deliberate addition of sulfur and corresponding manganese increase creates a material that machines with significantly less power consumption, better chip control, and longer tool life compared to non-resulfurized grades. This grade is particularly valuable in industries where large quantities of components require extensive machining operations before final heat treatment. While it exhibits some directional mechanical properties and limited weldability, these limitations are typically acceptable in its intended applications. When selecting M1044, engineers prioritize **production efficiency and machining economics** over isotropic material properties, making it a strategic choice for cost-sensitive, high-volume manufacturing. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI M1044 Merchant Quality Carbon Steel, Composition Spec Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <6066 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI M1044 Merchant Quality Carbon Steel, Composition Spec Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of AISI M1044 Merchant Quality Carbon Steel Wire, Composition Spec -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers AISI M1044 Merchant Quality Carbon Steel Wire, Composition Spec -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of AISI M1044 Merchant Quality Carbon Steel Wire, Composition Spec -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Wire drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 2537 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition