Crucible Steel Rod/Bar,CPM® 4V® Tool Steel Rod/Bar

Crucible Steel Rod CPM® 4V® Tool Steel Rod Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Crucible Steel Rod CPM® 4V® Tool Steel Rod Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Crucible Steel CPM® 4V® Tool Steel Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **Product Introduction: Crucible CPM® 4V® Tool Steel** Crucible CPM® 4V® is a premium particle metallurgy (PM), air-hardening tool steel strategically formulated to deliver an **exceptional balance of high wear resistance and superior toughness**, positioning itself as a versatile and robust choice for demanding industrial applications. Developed as a bridge between traditional high-toughness steels like A2 and ultra-high-wear steels like CPM 10V, CPM 4V offers a more wear-resistant alternative to D2 and A2 while maintaining significantly better toughness than CPM 10V. Its name reflects its moderate vanadium content, which is carefully calibrated to provide a substantial boost in abrasion resistance without inducing excessive brittleness. Manufactured via the Crucible Particle Metallurgy (CPM) process, CPM 4V features a fine, homogeneous distribution of vanadium carbides. This eliminates the coarse carbide banding of conventional steels, resulting in **greatly enhanced transverse toughness, excellent dimensional stability during heat treatment, improved grindability, and consistent, isotropic mechanical properties**. CPM 4V is engineered for tools and components that experience significant abrasive wear but must also withstand impact, shock loading, or high stress without chipping or fracturing. --- ## **1. Chemical Composition (Weight %)** The composition of CPM 4V is a carefully balanced alloy of carbon, chromium, molybdenum, and vanadium. | **Element** | **Carbon (C)** | **Chromium (Cr)** | **Vanadium (V)** | **Molybdenum (Mo)** | **Silicon (Si)** | **Manganese (Mn)** | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Content** | **1.35** | **4.75** | **3.75** | **4.50** | **0.50** | **0.50** | | **Role** | Provides the base for carbide formation and matrix hardness. Optimized to support high hardness while retaining good fracture resistance. | Imparts deep air hardenability and contributes to wear resistance through chromium carbide formation. Also offers mild corrosion resistance. | **Primary wear element.** At 3.75%, it forms a significant volume of hard, fine vanadium carbides (VC) that provide excellent abrasion resistance—more than D2, but less than higher-vanadium grades like 10V. | Enhances hardenability, refines grain structure, and significantly improves toughness and tempering resistance. | Deoxidizer and solid solution strengthener. | Aids in deoxidation and contributes to hardenability. | *Note: Iron (Fe) constitutes the remainder. This chemistry can be seen as a high-performance, PM-optimized blend bridging the gap between the M4 (high-speed steel) and D2 (cold work steel) families.* --- ## **2. Physical & Mechanical Properties** *Typical properties after proper heat treatment to a working hardness of 58-62 HRC.* * **Density:** ~7.78 g/cm³ (0.281 lb/in³) * **Modulus of Elasticity:** ~210 GPa (30.5 x 10⁶ psi) * **Thermal Conductivity:** Moderate for a tool steel. * **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion:** ~10.6 x 10⁻⁶/°C (20-200°C) * **Hardenability:** **Excellent.** Deep air-hardening characteristics suitable for large and complex sections. * **Hardness (Typical Working Range):** **57 - 63 HRC.** The most common and optimal working hardness is **59-61 HRC**, where it achieves its renowned balance of wear resistance and toughness. * **Abrasion Resistance:** **Very High.** Significantly better than D2 and A2 tool steels due to its substantial vanadium carbide content. It offers approximately 2-3 times the abrasion resistance of D2, providing excellent service life in wear applications. * **Impact Toughness:** **Excellent for its wear resistance level.** This is a key strength. CPM 4V possesses substantially higher toughness than CPM 10V and is notably tougher than conventional D2, especially in the transverse direction. Its toughness is comparable to or better than high-quality A2 at similar hardness levels. * **Dimensional Stability:** **Excellent.** Air hardening combined with the fine PM microstructure results in minimal distortion and predictable size change during heat treatment. * **Grindability:** **Fair to Good (for its performance class).** While more challenging than A2 or D2 due to hard vanadium carbides, it is significantly easier to grind than CPM 10V or other higher-vanadium steels. --- ## **3. Heat Treatment** * **Annealing:** Heat to 870-900°C (1600-1650°F), slow cool. Annealed hardness: 240-280 HB. * **Stress Relieving:** 650-675°C (1200-1250°F), hold, then slow cool. * **Preheating:** **Essential.** Use a double preheat: First at 540-650°C (1000-1200°F), then at 815-870°C (1500-1600°F). * **Austenitizing:** **1065-1120°C (1950-2050°F).** A common and effective temperature range is **1085-1105°C (1985-2025°F)**. Lower temperatures favor toughness; higher temperatures increase wear resistance and hardness. * **Quenching:** **Air quench** (still or forced air). High-pressure gas quenching is recommended for complex parts to maximize dimensional control. **Do not oil quench.** * **Tempering:** **Mandatory Double Temper.** Temper immediately after quenching. **Two tempers**, each for 2+ hours, are standard. **Typical tempering range: 540-595°C (1000-1100°F)** to achieve 59-61 HRC. For applications requiring higher hardness (62-63 HRC) with some trade-off in toughness, temper at 205-425°C (400-800°F). --- ## **4. Key Applications** CPM 4V is an excellent choice for a wide range of demanding industrial tooling that requires a balance of durability and wear life. * **Heavy-Duty Blanking, Punching & Forming Dies:** Punches, dies, and shear blades for stamping and forming high-strength, abrasive, or stainless steels. * **Industrial Knives & Slitters:** Blades for cutting paper, plastics, rubber, composites, and non-ferrous metals where resistance to chipping and extended edge life are critical. * **Wear Parts & Machinery Components:** Wear plates, guide rails, feed rolls, and screws in abrasive environments. * **Cold Work Tooling:** Thread rolls, forming rolls, and extrusion tooling. * **Woodworking & Size Reduction Tools:** Chipper knives, planer blades, and granulator rotors for processed wood and recycled materials. * **High-Performance Custom Cutlery:** Hard-use knives designed for demanding outdoor, tactical, or industrial use that prioritize both edge retention and durability. --- ## **5. International Standards & Cross-References** CPM 4V is a proprietary CPM grade. It does not have a direct AISI equivalent but is often compared to modified versions of standard grades. * **AISI/SAE:** No direct equivalent. It is closest in concept to a **high-vanadium, high-toughness modification of D2 or M4**, processed via PM. * **UNS:** No standard designation. * **European (EN):** No direct equivalent. * **Common Industry Comparisons:** It is frequently positioned between **CPM M4** (higher hot hardness, slightly lower toughness) and **CPM 10V** (higher wear, lower toughness). It is often considered Crucible's counterpart to other manufacturers' "4V" or similarly balanced high-toughness/high-wear PM grades. --- ## **6. Advantages & Limitations** **Advantages:** * **Superior Toughness-to-Wear Ratio:** Delivers one of the best practical balances between high abrasion resistance and high impact toughness available in a tool steel. * **Excellent Versatility:** A true "workhorse" high-performance steel suitable for a broad range of severe applications. * **Outstanding Dimensional Stability:** Simplifies the manufacture of precision tools with complex geometries. * **Good Grindability:** Easier to finish and resharpen than other high-vanadium PM steels. * **Air-Hardening & Consistent PM Microstructure:** Reliable heat treatment and isotropic properties reduce risk and improve tool life predictability. **Limitations:** * **Not Stainless:** Will corrode if not protected; corrosion resistance is only fair, similar to D2. * **Not the Ultimate in Pure Wear Resistance:** Outperformed in pure abrasive wear by steels like CPM 10V and 15V. * **Cost:** Higher than conventional tool steels like D2 or A2 due to PM processing, but often more cost-effective than extreme-wear steels when factoring in reduced breakage. --- ## **7. Summary** **Crucible CPM® 4V® is a masterfully engineered, balanced-performance tool steel designed for reliability and longevity in punishing applications.** It solves the perennial engineering challenge of selecting a material that is both hard-wearing and durable under shock. By offering wear resistance far beyond D2 with toughness that approaches or exceeds that of A2, CPM 4V provides a compelling upgrade path that extends tool life, reduces unplanned downtime from breakage, and increases productivity. For tool designers and manufacturers who need a robust, high-performance material that won't fail unexpectedly, CPM 4V represents an optimal blend of resilience and performance, making it a top choice for demanding industrial tooling and cutting applications. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Crucible Steel CPM® 4V® Tool Steel Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <6974 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Crucible Steel CPM® 4V® Tool Steel Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of Crucible Steel Rod CPM® 4V® Tool Steel Rod -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers Crucible Steel Rod CPM® 4V® Tool Steel Rod -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of Crucible Steel Rod CPM® 4V® Tool Steel Rod -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Rod drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 3445 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition