Schmolz + Bickenbach,Cryodur® 2990 Cold Work Die Steel Tube,Pipe

Schmolz + Bickenbach Cryodur® 2990 Cold Work Die Steel Tube Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Schmolz + Bickenbach Cryodur® 2990 Cold Work Die Steel Tube Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Schmolz + Bickenbach Cryodur® 2990 Cold Work Die Steel Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **Schmolz + Bickenbach Cryodur® 2990 - Premium High-Speed Type Cold Work Tool Steel** ## **Product Overview** Cryodur® 2990 represents a premium-grade, **high-carbon high-vanadium cold work tool steel** developed by Schmolz + Bickenbach for the most demanding wear-resistant applications. This steel combines the exceptional wear resistance of high-speed steels with the dimensional stability of cold work grades, making it ideal for extreme abrasion conditions where conventional D2/A2 steels prove inadequate. Characterized by its **outstanding abrasive wear resistance** and **high compressive strength**, Cryodur® 2990 is the material of choice for long-run production tools in abrasive materials. ## **Key Characteristics & Advantages** * **Exceptional Wear Resistance:** Superior to conventional D2 and A2 steels due to high volume of hard vanadium carbides * **High Compressive Strength:** Maintains dimensional stability under extreme pressure * **Good Red Hardness:** Retains hardness at elevated temperatures better than standard cold work steels * **Moderate Toughness:** Balanced composition provides adequate toughness for high-wear applications * **Excellent Grindability:** Despite high hardness, offers good grinding characteristics * **Dimensional Stability:** Air-hardening properties minimize distortion during heat treatment ## **International Standard Designations** Cryodur® 2990 corresponds to several high-vanadium tool steel standards: | Standard | Designation | Equivalent Grades | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **AISI** | D6 | High-carbon, high-chromium alternative | | **DIN / W-Nr.** | 1.2436 | 100V1 / 100VCrMo5 | | **JIS** | SKD12 | - | | **ISO** | 100VCrW5 | - | | **Common Reference** | **High-Vanadium D-type** | - | ## **Chemical Composition (%)** *Typical Analysis – Optimized Balance* | Element | Content Range | Primary Function | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Carbon (C)** | 2.00 - 2.20 | Provides high carbide volume for extreme wear resistance | | **Chromium (Cr)** | 11.00 - 12.00 | Enhances hardenability, corrosion resistance, and wear properties | | **Vanadium (V)** | 4.00 - 5.00 | Forms extremely hard VC carbides for maximum abrasion resistance | | **Molybdenum (Mo)** | 0.70 - 1.00 | Improves hardenability and toughness | | **Tungsten (W)** | 0.50 - 0.80 | Enhances hot hardness and wear resistance | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.30 - 0.50 | Aids hardenability and deoxidization | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.20 - 0.40 | Deoxidizer and strengthens matrix | | *Iron (Fe)* | *Balance* | | ## **Physical & Mechanical Properties** ### **Physical Properties** | Property | Value | Condition | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Density** | 7.65 g/cm³ | At 20°C | | **Thermal Conductivity** | 18.5 W/(m·K) | At 20°C | | **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion** | 10.2 × 10⁻⁶/K | 20-200°C | | **Specific Heat Capacity** | 460 J/(kg·K) | At 20°C | | **Elastic Modulus** | 215 GPa | At 20°C | | **Electrical Resistivity** | 0.55 μΩ·m | At 20°C | ### **Mechanical Properties** * **Annealed Hardness:** 220 - 260 HB * **Hardened Hardness Range:** **58 - 64 HRC** (typically 60-62 HRC for optimal balance) * **Compressive Strength:** 2,600 - 3,000 MPa (at 60 HRC) * **Transverse Rupture Strength:** 2,000 - 2,400 MPa * **Impact Toughness (Charpy):** 8 - 15 J (lower than D2 due to higher carbide volume) * **Abrasion Resistance:** 30-50% better than conventional D2 steel ## **Heat Treatment Guidelines** ### **Annealing** * **Temperature:** 850 - 870°C * **Cooling:** Slow furnace cooling (10-20°C/hour) to 600°C, then air cool * **Resulting Hardness:** ≤ 260 HB * **Microstructure:** Spheroidized carbide structure for optimal machinability ### **Stress Relieving** * **Temperature:** 650 - 700°C * **Soak Time:** 2 hours per inch thickness minimum * **Cooling:** Air cool ### **Hardening** 1. **Preheating:** **Critical** - Double preheat recommended: * First stage: 550 - 600°C * Second stage: 800 - 850°C 2. **Austenitizing Temperature:** 1050 - 1080°C * Lower range (1050-1060°C): For higher toughness * Higher range (1070-1080°C): For maximum wear resistance 3. **Soaking Time:** 20-30 minutes per inch of thickness at austenitizing temperature 4. **Quenching:** Quench in **air or gas** (pressurized air for consistent cooling) 5. **Cooling:** Cool to 40-50°C before tempering ### **Tempering** * **Essential:** Must temper immediately after quenching (within 1 hour) * **Tempering Cycle:** Minimum double tempering, triple recommended for critical applications * **Temperature Range:** 500 - 550°C (typical for 58-60 HRC) * 500°C: ~60-62 HRC * 525°C: ~59-61 HRC * 550°C: ~58-60 HRC * **Hold Time:** 2 hours per inch minimum for each temper * **Secondary Hardening:** Exhibits distinct secondary hardening peak around 500-520°C * **Avoid:** Tempering between 250-400°C (embrittlement zone) ## **Primary Applications** ### **Extreme Wear Applications** * **Powder Compaction Tools:** For metal, ceramic, and pharmaceutical powders * **Abrasive Material Processing:** Tools for carbon fiber, fiberglass, composites * **Wire Drawing Dies:** For hard wires and special alloys * **Slitter Knives:** For abrasive materials like pre-painted steel, plastics with fillers ### **Long-Run Stamping & Blanking** * **Progressive Dies:** For high-volume production (>1 million strokes) * **Fine Blanking Tools:** Punches and dies requiring extreme edge retention * **Lamination Dies:** For electric motor and transformer production * **Hard Material Blanking:** For spring steels, hardened steels, silicon sheets ### **Specialized Tooling** * **Cold Forging Tools:** For severe forming operations * **Roll Forming Rolls:** For abrasive or hard materials * **Thread Rolling Dies:** For high-volume production * **Knives & Cutters:** Industrial knives for difficult-to-cut materials ### **Plastic & Rubber Molds** * **Reinforced Plastic Molds:** For fiberglass, carbon fiber composites * **Abrasive Rubber Compounds:** Molds for tires, conveyor belts * **Wear Parts:** Ejector pins, guide pillars, wear plates in abrasive environments ## **Machining & Fabrication** * **Turning/Milling (Annealed):** Difficult - requires carbide tools, slow speeds, positive rakes * **Grindability:** Fair - requires appropriate wheels (soft bond, aluminum oxide or CBN) * **EDM:** Good - standard parameters with post-EDM tempering recommended * **Wire EDM:** Excellent method for complex shapes * **Polishing:** Challenging due to hard carbides - requires diamond compounds ## **Surface Treatments** * **Nitriding:** Highly effective - increases surface hardness to 1200-1400 HV * **PVD Coatings:** TiN, TiCN, AlCrN - further enhance performance * **CVD Coatings:** TiC, TiCN - for extreme wear applications * **Black Oxide:** Limited benefit due to inherent wear resistance ## **Comparison with Other Grades** | Property | Cryodur® 2990 | Cryodur® 2379 (D2) | Cryodur® 2080 (A2) | High-Speed Steel | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Wear Resistance** | Excellent | Very Good | Good | Excellent | | **Toughness** | Moderate | Moderate | Good | Low | | **Red Hardness** | Good | Fair | Fair | Excellent | | **Grindability** | Fair | Good | Very Good | Difficult | | **Primary Use** | Extreme abrasion | General wear | Balanced properties | High temperature | ## **Availability** * **Round Bars:** 20mm to 300mm diameter * **Flat Bars:** Various thicknesses and widths * **Blocks:** For die and mold applications * **Pre-finished Stock:** Precision ground to tolerances * **Forged Shapes:** Custom configurations ## **Technical Recommendations** 1. **Design Considerations:** Avoid sharp corners and thin sections due to lower toughness 2. **Heat Treatment:** Strict control essential - use protective atmosphere to prevent decarburization 3. **Tool Maintenance:** Regular inspection for micro-chipping in severe applications 4. **Regrinding:** Remove all heat-affected zones after welding/EDM 5. **Storage:** Keep in dry conditions to prevent corrosion despite high chromium content ## **Quality Assurance** * **Micro-Cleanliness:** High standards for carbide distribution * **Ultrasonic Testing:** Standard for detecting internal flaws * **Hardness Uniformity:** Verified through multiple-point testing * **Dimensional Accuracy:** Precision machining capabilities ## **Economic Considerations** * **Higher Initial Cost** than conventional cold work steels * **Extended Tool Life** justifies cost in appropriate applications * **Reduced Downtime** from less frequent tool changes * **Optimal for:** High-volume production where tooling cost per part is critical --- **Disclaimer:** This technical information is for reference purposes. For specific applications, always consult Schmolz + Bickenbach's official technical documentation. Actual performance depends on proper heat treatment, tool design, and application conditions. The manufacturer's recommendations should always take precedence for critical tooling applications. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Schmolz + Bickenbach Cryodur® 2990 Cold Work Die Steel Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <7143 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Schmolz + Bickenbach Cryodur® 2990 Cold Work Die Steel Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of Schmolz + Bickenbach Cryodur® 2990 Cold Work Die Steel Tube -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers Schmolz + Bickenbach Cryodur® 2990 Cold Work Die Steel Tube -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of Schmolz + Bickenbach Cryodur® 2990 Cold Work Die Steel Tube -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Tube drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 3614 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition