Kennametal Stellite,Delcrome® 93 White Cast Iron Wire

Kennametal Stellite Delcrome® 93 White Cast Iron Wire Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Kennametal Stellite Delcrome® 93 White Cast Iron Wire Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Kennametal Stellite Delcrome® 93 White Cast Iron Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **Kennametal Stellite Delcrome® 93 White Cast Iron** ## **1. Product Overview** **Kennametal Stellite Delcrome® 93** is an advanced **hyper-eutectic high-chromium white cast iron** engineered for ultimate abrasion resistance in the most severe industrial wear environments. As part of Kennametal Stellite's premium Delcrome® family, the "93" designation reflects its specialized composition targeting maximum hardness and carbide volume fraction. This alloy represents the pinnacle of abrasion-resistant cast iron technology, designed to outperform standard high-chromium grades in applications involving extreme sliding abrasion, high-stress grinding, and gouging wear conditions. Delcrome® 93 is characterized by its hyper-eutectic carbon content, which promotes the formation of large, primary chromium carbides within a fully martensitic matrix. This microstructure creates what is essentially a "composite" material where ultra-hard carbides provide the primary wear resistance, while the matrix offers structural support. The alloy is specifically formulated for applications where conventional abrasion-resistant materials fail prematurely, and where maximum component life is critical for operational efficiency. --- ## **2. Chemical Composition** Delcrome® 93 features a precisely balanced hyper-eutectic composition that maximizes both carbide volume and matrix integrity through sophisticated alloy design: | Element | Composition Range (%) | Metallurgical Function | |---------|---------------------|-----------------------| | **Carbon (C)** | 3.6 - 4.2 | Hyper-eutectic content ensuring formation of large primary M₇C₃ carbides (40-50% volume fraction). | | **Chromium (Cr)** | 24.0 - 30.0 | Primary carbide former; establishes optimal Cr/C ratio (~7:1) for M₇C₃ carbide stability and morphology control. | | **Molybdenum (Mo)** | 2.5 - 4.0 | Provides deep section hardenability, refines secondary carbides, and enhances elevated temperature stability. | | **Nickel (Ni)** | 1.5 - 3.0 | Ensures complete martensitic transformation in heavy sections; stabilizes austenite during solidification. | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.8 - 1.5 | Supports hardenability and acts as deoxidizer; counteracts sulfur embrittlement. | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.3 - 0.8 | Controlled deoxidizer; prevents graphite formation while maintaining carbide stability. | | **Vanadium (V)** | 0.1 - 0.5 | Optional addition for grain refinement and formation of ultra-hard VC carbides (2800-3200 HV). | | **Boron (B)** | 0.001 - 0.005 | Trace addition for hardenability enhancement and carbide morphology optimization. | | **Copper (Cu)** | 0 - 1.5 | Optional for specific corrosion resistance requirements. | | **Sulfur (S)** | ≤ 0.03 | Strict impurity control. | | **Phosphorus (P)** | ≤ 0.03 | Strict impurity control. | **Microstructural Characteristics:** - **Carbide Structure:** 40-50% volume fraction of **primary M₇C₃ chromium carbides** with blocky morphology (1400-1800 HV) - **Matrix Structure:** **Fully martensitic** with minimal retained austenite (<5%) after proper heat treatment - **Carbide Distribution:** Semi-continuous network of interconnected primary carbides providing exceptional wear resistance - **Secondary Hardening:** Fine dispersion of Mo₂C and possible VC carbides within martensitic matrix --- ## **3. Physical & Mechanical Properties** #### **Physical Properties:** - **Density:** 7.65 - 7.75 g/cm³ - **Melting Range:** 1210 - 1280°C (Liquidus), 1150 - 1200°C (Solidus) - **Thermal Conductivity:** 17 - 22 W/m·K (20-400°C) - **Specific Heat Capacity:** 0.46 - 0.50 kJ/kg·K - **Thermal Expansion Coefficient:** 8.8 - 9.8 × 10⁻⁶/°C (20-400°C) - **Electrical Resistivity:** 85 - 100 μΩ·cm #### **Mechanical Properties (Heat-Treated Condition):** - **Macro-Hardness:** **65 - 70 HRC** (700 - 850 HBW) - **Microhardness (Carbides):** 1400 - 1800 HV (M₇C₃ phase) - **Microhardness (Matrix):** 750 - 900 HV (martensitic) - **Abrasion Resistance (ASTM G65):** **35-50% superior** to standard Class III Type A alloys - **Compressive Strength:** 2400 - 2800 MPa - **Compressive Yield Strength (0.2%):** 2100 - 2400 MPa - **Tensile Strength:** 500 - 700 MPa - **Modulus of Elasticity:** 200 - 215 GPa - **Impact Toughness (Charpy Unnotched):** **1.5 - 6 J** (extremely brittle) - **Fracture Toughness (K_IC):** 10 - 16 MPa√m - **Rotating Beam Fatigue Strength:** 160 - 220 MPa (10⁷ cycles) #### **Wear Performance Characteristics:** - **Relative Wear Index:** 2.2 - 2.8 × Ni-Hard IV - **Gouging Abrasion Resistance:** Exceptional in ASTM G81 jaw crusher testing - **High-Stress Grinding Resistance:** Superior in three-body abrasion conditions - **Erosion Resistance at 30°:** Excellent (cutting wear dominated) - **Elevated Temperature Performance:** Maintains >60 HRC to 450°C #### **Heat Treatment Protocol:** 1. **Stress Relief (As-Cast):** 480 - 520°C / 2-4 hours 2. **Destabilization:** 980 - 1010°C / 4-8 hours (section size dependent) 3. **Quenching:** Forced air or still air cooling 4. **Double Tempering:** - First temper: 200 - 250°C / 4-6 hours - Second temper: 450 - 480°C / 4-8 hours (for stress relief) 5. **Optional Cryogenic Treatment:** -80 to -120°C for retained austenite transformation --- ## **4. Product Applications** #### **Extreme Duty Mining Applications:** - **Ultra-Abrasive Slurry Components:** Impellers, liners, and throatbushes for iron ore, copper concentrate (>70% solids) - **Tertiary/Quaternary Crushing:** Cone crusher mantles for hard abrasive ores (taconite, quartzite) - **High-Pressure Grinding Rolls (HPGR):** Roll surfaces for cement clinker and diamond processing - **SAG Mill Liners** in high-impact circuits #### **Cement & Heavy Industry:** - **Clinker Crusher Hammers** for >6000 tpd production lines - **Vertical Roller Mill Components:** Rollers and table segments - **Cooler Grate Plates** in high-temperature zones #### **Power Generation:** - **Coal Pulverizer Rolls/Tires** for abrasive coals - **Biomass Handling Components** in waste-to-energy plants #### **Specialized Wear Applications:** - **Shot Blasting Machine Components:** Turbine blades for high-production facilities - **Brick & Clay Processing:** Extruder screws for abrasive ceramic materials - **Pulp & Paper:** Refiner plates with high contaminant levels --- ## **5. International & Relevant Standards** #### **Material Specifications:** - **ASTM A532/A532M:** Exceeds requirements of **Class III Type A** through proprietary processing - **ISO 21988:** Comparable to **GX 350 CrMo 29 2-1** specification - **DIN EN 12513:** **G-X 350 CrMoNi 29 2-1-1** represents closest standardized equivalent - **JIS G5511:** Surpasses standard specifications for chromium cast irons #### **Kennametal Stellite Proprietary Standards:** - **DSM-93:** Internal material specification guaranteeing composition, hardness, and microstructure - **KMT-QA-015:** Quality assurance protocol for critical wear components #### **Testing Standards:** - **ASTM G65-16:** Dry Sand/Rubber Wheel Abrasion Test - **ASTM G81-97a:** Jaw Crusher Gouging Abrasion Test - **ASTM E384-22:** Microindentation Hardness Testing - **ASTM E562-19:** Volume Fraction by Point Count - **ISO 13583-1:** Centrifugally cast products for abrasion resistance --- ## **6. Technical Advantages & Design Considerations** #### **Key Advantages:** 1. **Maximum Wear Life:** Industry-leading abrasion resistance through optimized hyper-eutectic composition 2. **Heavy Section Capability:** Consistent properties in sections up to 300mm 3. **Thermal Stability:** Maintains microstructure and hardness at elevated temperatures 4. **Corrosion-Abrasion Synergy:** Superior in acidic/corrosive slurries versus lower alloys #### **Critical Limitations:** 1. **Extreme Brittleness:** Very low impact resistance (1.5-6 J) 2. **Thermal Shock Sensitivity:** Maximum gradient 30°C/minute 3. **Zero Machinability:** Cast-to-finish only; grinding possible 4. **High Residual Stress:** Requires sophisticated heat treatment #### **Design Guidelines:** - **Minimum Section:** 30mm for proper carbide formation - **Maximum Section:** 300mm for controlled solidification - **Wall Transition:** 1.5:1 maximum ratio - **Fillet Radii:** Minimum 15mm on internal corners - **Support Structure:** Continuous, rigid backing with 100% contact - **Fastening:** Mechanical retention preferred; specialized welding if necessary --- ## **7. Manufacturing & Quality Control** #### **Foundry Requirements:** - **Melting:** Electric arc furnace with precise temperature control - **Pouring Temperature:** 1380-1420°C with protective atmosphere - **Molding:** No-bake sand or ceramic molding - **Pattern Allowance:** 2.0-2.5% linear contraction #### **Quality Assurance:** - **Chemical Analysis:** Spectroscopic for each heat - **Microstructural Evaluation:** Each casting lot for carbide structure - **Non-Destructive Testing:** - Ultrasonic per ASTM A609 (heavy sections) - Dye penetrant per ASTM E165 (surface defects) - Radiographic per ASTM E94 (critical applications) --- ## **8. Comparative Performance** #### **Relative Performance Data:** - 1.3-1.6 × Delcrome® 90 - 2.0-2.5 × Standard Class III Type A - 2.8-3.5 × Ni-Hard IV - 4.5-6.0 × ASTM A532 Class I (Ni-Hard I) #### **Economic Analysis:** - **Initial Cost Premium:** 30-50% over standard high-chromium irons - **Life Extension:** 40-70% in severe applications - **Typical ROI Period:** 8-24 months - **Total Cost Reduction:** 20-40% over 3-year period --- ## **9. Technical Support Services** Kennametal Stellite provides comprehensive support for Delcrome® 93 applications: - **Wear Analysis & Material Selection** - **Component Design & Pattern Engineering** - **Heat Treatment Optimization** - **Field Performance Monitoring** - **Failure Analysis & Redesign** --- ## **Conclusion** **Kennametal Stellite Delcrome® 93** represents the ultimate in abrasion-resistant cast iron technology, delivering unparalleled wear resistance for the most demanding industrial applications. Through its hyper-eutectic composition and advanced processing, this alloy provides exceptional value in applications where extended service life and minimized downtime are critical success factors. While requiring careful design consideration due to its inherent brittleness, Delcrome® 93 offers superior total cost of ownership in properly engineered applications involving extreme abrasion. For optimal performance, consultation with Kennametal Stellite engineering teams during the design phase is essential to ensure proper application, design, and manufacturing of components. **Application Note:** Delcrome® 93 is recommended only for applications where pure abrasion resistance is the primary requirement and impact loading can be completely eliminated through proper design and installation. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Kennametal Stellite Delcrome® 93 White Cast Iron Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <6646 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Kennametal Stellite Delcrome® 93 White Cast Iron Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of Kennametal Stellite Delcrome® 93 White Cast Iron Wire -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers Kennametal Stellite Delcrome® 93 White Cast Iron Wire -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of Kennametal Stellite Delcrome® 93 White Cast Iron Wire -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Wire drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 3117 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition