2800 Maraging Steel Rod/Bar

2800 Maraging Steel Rod Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: 2800 Maraging Steel Rod Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

2800 Maraging Steel Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # 2800 Maraging Steel (18Ni-2800 MPa Grade) ## **Overview** **2800 Maraging Steel** (commonly designated as **18Ni-2800** or **Grade 2800**) is a specialized, **ultra-high-cobalt** maraging steel developed to achieve **extreme strength levels beyond the standard 18Ni family**. Engineered to deliver a nominal yield strength of **approximately 2800 MPa (406 ksi)**, this grade represents the **upper practical limit of strength** in commercially available maraging-type steels. It is characterized by a **significantly modified chemistry**, most notably a **very high cobalt content (~20%)**, which drives exceptional precipitation hardening but results in **substantially reduced fracture toughness**. This material is reserved for the most demanding applications where **absolute strength is the paramount design driver**, and other properties are secondary. --- ## **Chemical Composition (Weight %) - Modified Ultra-High-Strength Alloy** *Note: This composition differs fundamentally from standard 18Ni grades.* | Element | Min (%) | Max (%) | Typical (%) | Metallurgical Function & Impact | |---------|---------|---------|-------------|--------------------------------| | **Nickel (Ni)** | 17.0 | 19.0 | 18.0 | Maintains the martensitic matrix. Slightly adjusted to accommodate high Co. | | **Cobalt (Co)** | **18.0** | **20.0** | **19.0** | **Primary Differentiator.** Extremely high Co maximizes the supersaturation of Mo and Ti in martensite, providing an immense driving force for precipitation, enabling 2800 MPa strength. **Dramatically increases cost.** | | **Molybdenum (Mo)** | 4.0 | 5.0 | 4.5 | Primary precipitation hardener (Ni₃Mo). Level optimized with high Co. | | **Titanium (Ti)** | 1.2 | 1.8 | 1.5 | Secondary but critical hardener (Ni₃Ti). Elevated to contribute to extreme strength. | | **Aluminum (Al)** | 0.05 | 0.15 | 0.10 | Deoxidizer. | | **Carbon (C)** | — | 0.03 | ≤0.01 | Ultra-low; critical to prevent embrittlement at this strength level. | | **Manganese (Mn)** | — | 0.10 | 0.05 | Tightly controlled impurity. | | **Silicon (Si)** | — | 0.10 | 0.05 | Tightly controlled impurity. | | **Boron (B)** | 0.003 | 0.006 | 0.004 | Enhances hardenability and grain boundary strength. | | **Zirconium (Zr)** | — | 0.02 | 0.01 | Grain refiner; vital for any semblance of toughness. | | **Sulfur (S)** | — | 0.005 | ≤0.002 | **Extra-Low Sulfur.** Mandatory to minimize inclusion-related failure. | | **Phosphorus (P)** | — | 0.005 | ≤0.002 | **Extra-Low Phosphorus.** Mandatory to prevent embrittlement. | | **Iron (Fe)** | Balance | — | — | Base element. | **Core Distinction:** The **~19% Cobalt** content is the defining feature, nearly double that of Grade 350. This makes 2800 grade **extremely expensive** and subject to critical raw material supply chains. --- ## **Heat Treatment** 1. **Solution Annealing:** ~815°C (1500°F), 1 hour, air cool. 2. **Aging (Peak Hardening):** **Specific temperature and time are highly proprietary** and optimized for the exact chemistry. Typically involves aging in the range of **480-510°C (900-950°F)** for **extended periods (6-12+ hours)** to fully develop strength. --- ## **Mechanical Properties (Peak-Aged Condition)** *Properties are highly sensitive to processing. Typical values represent the extreme end of the spectrum.* | Property | Typical Value Range | Notes / Implications | |----------|-------------------|----------------------| | **0.2% Yield Strength (YS)** | 2700 - 2900 MPa **(392 - 420 ksi)** | **Primary design property.** Represents the practical limit for steel components. | | **Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS)** | 2800 - 3000 MPa **(406 - 435 ksi)** | | | **Elongation (in 50 mm)** | **2 - 5%** | **Extremely low ductility.** Material behaves in a brittle manner. | | **Reduction of Area (RA)** | **10 - 20%** | Very limited plastic deformation before fracture. | | **Hardness** | **58 - 62 HRC** | Equivalent to very hard tool steels. | | **Fracture Toughness (K_IC)** | **20 - 35 MPa√m** | **Critically Low.** This is the **dominant design constraint.** Failure is brittle and sudden. Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) **must** be used. | | **Modulus of Elasticity** | 190 - 200 GPa | Slightly elevated due to high alloy content. | | **Fatigue Strength** | Difficult to generalize; **highly notch-sensitive.** Fatigue cracks initiate easily. | --- ## **Physical Properties (Aged Condition)** | Property | Value (Approx.) | |----------|------------------| | **Density** | ~8.10 g/cm³ (Slightly higher due to high Co) | | **Thermal Conductivity** | ~17 W/m·K (Lower than standard grades) | | **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion** | ~10.5 x 10⁻⁶ /°C | | **Electrical Resistivity** | ~0.8 μΩ·m (Higher due to high alloying) | | **Magnetic Properties** | Ferromagnetic | --- ## **Key Characteristics & Challenges** * **Unmatched Strength:** The highest yield strength achievable in a commercial maraging-type steel. * **Extreme Brittleness:** Very low fracture toughness and ductility. **Notch sensitivity is extreme.** * **Very High Cost:** Driven by the high Cobalt content (a strategic and costly metal). * **Complex Processing:** Heat treatment windows are narrow; requires exceptional control. * **Difficult Machining:** Can only be effectively machined in the annealed state. Machining after aging is near-impossible without diamond/CBN tools. * **Poor Weldability:** Welding is generally avoided. If absolutely necessary, it requires extreme care and full re-heat treatment. * **Limited Standards:** Due to its specialized nature, it is often covered by proprietary specifications rather than broad industry standards. --- ## **International Standards & Designations** This is a niche, proprietary material with limited standardization. | Standard/System | Likely Designation / Status | |----------------|-----------------------------| | **Proprietary/Trade Names** | **VascoMax XXXX**, **Custom 2800**, **18Ni(2800)**. Specific names are closely held by developers (e.g., Ladish Co., Aubert & Duval). | | **Aerospace (AMS)** | **No common AMS standard exists.** Supplied under a **Source Control Drawing (SCD)** or **Proprietary Material Specification**. | | **Military** | May be specified under **MIL** standards for specific programs (e.g., advanced penetrators), but not a standard stock item. | | **ISO/ASTM** | No generic standard. | --- ## **Typical Applications** Application is limited to **niche, performance-at-any-cost components** where its deficiencies can be managed by design. 1. **Defense - Penetration Systems (Primary Use):** * **Kinetic Energy Penetrator Rods and Long-Rod Penetrators (LRPs)** for advanced armor-piercing munitions, where extreme hardness and density are critical for performance. * **Specialized Warhead Casings and Components.** 2. **Aerospace - Extreme Performance:** * **Critical, Highly-Stressed Components** in experimental or limited-production aerospace vehicles where every gram counts. * **Components for Re-entry Vehicles or Hypersonic Systems** subject to extreme transient loads. 3. **Tooling - Specialized:** * **Mandrels and Dies** for cold working or forming of extremely high-strength materials. * **Wear Parts** in highly abrasive, low-impact environments. 4. **Research & Development:** * **Material science research** into the limits of metallic strength. * **Calibration specimens** for ultra-high load testing. --- ## **Fabrication & Design Warnings** * **Design Philosophy:** **"Safe-Life" design is mandatory.** "Fail-Safe" or "Damage-Tolerant" design is **not applicable**. Components must be designed so that the **maximum stress intensity remains well below K_IC** with a large safety factor. * **Manufacturing:** All machining must be done in the **solution-annealed condition**. Final shapes must be achieved before aging. **Grinding and EDM** are the only suitable finishing methods after aging. * **Quality Assurance:** Requires **100% non-destructive testing (NDT)** – typically Ultrasonic Testing (UT) and Magnetic Particle Inspection (MPI) – to detect any flaw larger than a few microns. * **Handling:** Finished components are fragile and susceptible to damage from drops or impacts. --- ## **Summary** **2800 Maraging Steel** is **not a general-purpose engineering material**. It is a **highly specialized, exotic alloy** that exists at the **absolute frontier of metallic strength**. Its use is justified only in applications where its **unmatched strength provides a decisive and irreplaceable performance advantage**, and where its **high cost, manufacturing complexity, and inherent brittleness can be accepted and meticulously managed**. It serves a vital role in pushing the boundaries of what is possible in penetration mechanics and extreme aerospace design, but its application is a testament to the principle of **diminishing returns**: the quest for the last increment of strength comes with severe penalties in toughness, cost, and manufacturability. For the vast majority of applications requiring ultra-high strength, grades like **2000 (300) or 2500 Maraging Steel offer a far superior and more reliable balance of properties.** -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: 2800 Maraging Steel Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <7359 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: 2800 Maraging Steel Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of 2800 Maraging Steel Rod -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers 2800 Maraging Steel Rod -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of 2800 Maraging Steel Rod -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Rod drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 3830 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition