AISI Type D5 Tool Steel Wire (UNS T30405)

AISI Type D5 Tool Steel Wire (UNS T30405) Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI Type D5 Tool Steel Wire (UNS T30405) Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

AISI Type D5 Tool Steel (UNS T30405) Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **Product Introduction: AISI Type D5 Tool Steel (UNS T30405)** ## **Overview** **AISI Type D5 (UNS T30405)** is a **high-carbon, high-chromium, air-hardening cold work tool steel** distinguished by its **exceptional combination of extreme wear resistance and deep hardenability**. As a specialized member of the D-series, D5 incorporates a significant **cobalt** addition alongside very high carbon and chromium content, giving it unique capabilities for severe service applications. This grade is engineered to provide **maximum resistance to abrasive wear** while maintaining the dimensional stability of air hardening, making it suitable for the most demanding tooling applications where conventional wear-resistant steels prove inadequate. --- ## **Chemical Composition (Typical Weight %)** D5 features a distinctive composition with cobalt addition for enhanced performance. | Element | Content (%) | Role in Microstructure & Properties | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Carbon (C)** | 1.40 - 1.60 | Forms primary carbides with chromium; provides high hardness potential and wear resistance foundation. | | **Chromium (Cr)** | 11.00 - 13.00 | Provides deep air-hardening capability; forms hard chromium carbides (M₇C₃) for wear resistance and corrosion protection. | | **Cobalt (Co)** | **2.50 - 3.50** | **Distinguishing feature of D5.** Increases hot hardness, improves tempering resistance, enhances secondary hardening response, and boosts overall wear resistance at elevated temperatures. | | **Molybdenum (Mo)** | 0.70 - 1.20 | Enhances hardenability, promotes secondary hardening, refines grain structure, and improves toughness. | | **Vanadium (V)** | 0.50 - 1.10 | Forms ultra-hard vanadium carbides (VC) for exceptional abrasion resistance; refines grain size. | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.10 - 0.60 | Deoxidizer; strengthens matrix. | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.20 - 0.60 | Aids hardenability. | | **Sulfur (S)** | ≤ 0.03 | - | | **Phosphorus (P)** | ≤ 0.03 | - | | **Iron (Fe)** | **Balance** | - | **Key Distinction:** The **cobalt addition (2.50-3.50%)** sets D5 apart from other D-series grades. Cobalt does not form carbides but dissolves in the matrix, where it: 1. Raises the martensite transformation temperature (Ms point), reducing retained austenite 2. Improves hot hardness and tempering resistance 3. Enhances thermal conductivity for better heat dissipation 4. Strengthens the matrix to better support hard carbides under load --- ## **Physical & Mechanical Properties** *Properties are for material in the hardened and tempered condition.* | Property | Typical Value / Description | | :--- | :--- | | **Density** | ~7.78 g/cm³ (Slightly higher than D2 due to cobalt) | | **Hardness (Annealed)** | 235 - 255 HB | | **Hardness (Hardened & Tempered)** | **58 - 64 HRC** (Can achieve 62-64 HRC with proper heat treatment) | | **Wear Resistance** | **Exceptional.** Comparable to D2/D4 but with better performance at moderate temperatures due to cobalt-enhanced matrix strength. | | **Toughness** | **Fair to Good (for its class).** The cobalt addition and balanced carbide structure provide better toughness than might be expected from its high hardness. | | **Dimensional Stability** | **Excellent.** Air-hardening provides minimal distortion; cobalt reduces retained austenite for better dimensional predictability. | | **Hot Hardness** | **Very Good.** Maintains hardness better than D2 at temperatures up to 425°C (800°F) due to cobalt's solid-solution strengthening. | | **Machinability (Annealed)** | **Poor** (~35% of 1% carbon steel). The cobalt addition can make machining slightly more difficult than D2. | | **Grindability** | **Very Poor.** Similar to other high-vanadium tool steels; requires careful technique. | | **Thermal Conductivity** | **Higher than D2** (~28 W/m·K vs. ~20 for D2), aiding in heat dissipation from tool edges. | | **Deep Hardenability** | **Excellent.** Through-hardens in substantial sections with air quenching. | --- ## **Heat Treatment Guidelines** D5's cobalt content modifies its heat treatment response compared to standard D2. | Process | Parameters | Special Considerations for D5 | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Annealing** | 870-900°C (1600-1650°F), slow furnace cool. | Standard spheroidize annealing practice. | | **Preheating** | **Critical:** Double preheat at 550°C & 850°C. | Essential due to high alloy content. | | **Austenitizing** | **980-1020°C (1795-1870°F).** | Cobalt allows slightly higher austenitizing temperatures without excessive grain growth. | | **Quenching** | **Air quench** in still or forced air. | Cobalt raises Ms point, resulting in more complete martensite transformation with less retained austenite. | | **Tempering** | **Multiple tempers required.** 480-540°C (900-1000°F) for 2+ hours each. | Cobalt enhances secondary hardening response; tempering at 500-540°C can achieve peak hardness. | --- ## **Product Applications** D5 is specialized for applications requiring **extreme wear resistance combined with thermal stability or where conventional D2 shows limitations**. ### **Primary Applications:** 1. **Severe Abrasion Tooling:** Dies and punches for forming or blanking highly abrasive materials (composites, fiberglass, prepainted metals). 2. **Powder Compaction Tooling:** For pressing hard metal powders where both wear resistance and moderate heat resistance are required. 3. **Thread Rolling and Cold Forming Dies:** For hard materials where tool temperatures can rise during operation. 4. **Precision Cutting Tools:** Knives and blades for abrasive materials where edge retention at moderate temperatures is critical. 5. **Warm Work Applications:** Tools used at elevated temperatures (up to 425°C/800°F) where hot hardness is beneficial. 6. **Wear Parts Subject to Frictional Heating:** Components where heat buildup from friction could soften conventional tool steels. 7. **High-Performance Plastic Injection Molds:** For abrasive, heat-generating plastics. ### **Industry Usage:** - **Advanced Composites Manufacturing** - **Powder Metallurgy** - **Precision Metal Forming** - **Cutting Tool Industry** - **High-Temperature Wear Applications** --- ## **International Standards & Cross-Reference** AISI D5 is a specialized grade with limited direct international equivalents. | Standard | Designation | Equivalent / Similar Grade | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **AISI/SAE (USA)** | **Type D5** | - | | **UNS (USA)** | **T30405** | - | | **ASTM (USA)** | A681 | Grade D5 | | **Europe (EN)** | - | No direct common equivalent | | **Germany (DIN)** | - | No direct common equivalent | | **Japan (JIS)** | - | No direct common equivalent | | **Similar Material** | **Modified D2 with Co** | Often considered a proprietary or special D2 variant | **Important Note:** The cobalt-bearing composition makes D5 relatively unique. Many international standards do not have a direct equivalent. It is sometimes supplied as a "super D2" or "cobalt D2" under proprietary designations. --- ## **Technical Comparison: D5 vs. D2** | Property | **D5 (UNS T30405)** | **D2 (UNS T30402)** | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Cobalt Content** | **2.50-3.50%** | **0%** | | **Carbon Content** | 1.40-1.60% | 1.40-1.60% | | **Hot Hardness** | **Superior** (up to 425°C/800°F) | Good | | **Retained Austenite** | **Lower** (due to higher Ms point) | Higher | | **Thermal Conductivity** | **Higher** | Lower | | **Tempering Resistance** | **Better** | Good | | **Cost** | **Higher** (due to cobalt) | Lower | | **Primary Advantage** | **Wear + Thermal Stability** | **Cost-Effective Wear** | --- ## **Advantages & Considerations** ### **Advantages:** 1. **Enhanced Hot Hardness:** Superior performance at moderate temperatures compared to standard D2. 2. **Improved Dimensional Stability:** Lower retained austenite content provides better predictability in heat treatment. 3. **Better Matrix Strength:** Cobalt strengthens the matrix, improving support for hard carbides. 4. **Good Heat Dissipation:** Higher thermal conductivity helps reduce thermal gradients in tools. 5. **Strong Secondary Hardening:** Excellent response to tempering in the 500-540°C range. ### **Considerations:** 1. **Higher Cost:** Cobalt is an expensive alloying element, making D5 significantly more costly than D2. 2. **Limited Availability:** Less commonly stocked than D2; may require special ordering. 3. **Specific Application Focus:** Over-engineered for general-purpose tooling; best reserved for applications where its unique properties are needed. 4. **Similar Wear Resistance to D2:** At room temperature, wear resistance is comparable to properly heat treated D2. --- ## **Economic & Selection Considerations** D5 should be selected when: 1. Tools experience significant frictional heating during use 2. Moderate temperature exposure (300-425°C) is expected 3. Maximum dimensional stability is critical for precision tooling 4. The application has previously shown limitations with standard D2 5. The increased material cost is justified by extended tool life or reduced downtime --- ## **Conclusion** **AISI Type D5 Tool Steel (UNS T30405)** represents a **specialized, high-performance evolution of the D2 formulation**, enhanced with cobalt to address specific performance limitations. While it shares the exceptional wear resistance characteristic of the D-series, its **cobalt addition provides unique advantages in thermal management, hot hardness, and dimensional stability**. This makes D5 particularly valuable for **demanding applications where tools experience both severe abrasion and moderate thermal exposure**. Although its higher cost and specialized nature limit its use to specific applications, D5 offers a compelling solution when conventional high-chromium tool steels reach their performance limits due to thermal effects. For tooling engineers facing wear problems complicated by heat generation or elevated temperature service, D5 provides a sophisticated material solution that bridges the gap between cold work and hot work tool steel performance characteristics. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI Type D5 Tool Steel (UNS T30405) Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <6680 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI Type D5 Tool Steel (UNS T30405) Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of AISI Type D5 Tool Steel Wire (UNS T30405) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers AISI Type D5 Tool Steel Wire (UNS T30405) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of AISI Type D5 Tool Steel Wire (UNS T30405) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Wire drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 3151 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition