AISI Type H14 Chromium Hot Work Tool Steel Rod/Bar (UNS T20814)

AISI Type H14 Chromium Hot Work Tool Steel Rod (UNS T20814) Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI Type H14 Chromium Hot Work Tool Steel Rod (UNS T20814) Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

AISI Type H14 Chromium Hot Work Tool Steel (UNS T20814) Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **Product Introduction: AISI Type H14 Chromium Hot Work Tool Steel (UNS T20814)** ## **Overview** **AISI Type H14 (UNS T20814)** is a **high-tungsten, medium-chromium hot work tool steel** that occupies a unique position between conventional chromium hot work steels and high-tungsten grades. Characterized by its **significant tungsten content (4-5%) combined with chromium alloying**, H14 is engineered to provide **enhanced hot hardness and resistance to tempering at elevated temperatures** while maintaining reasonable toughness. This specialized grade is particularly suitable for applications involving sustained high-temperature exposure where conventional chromium-molybdenum-vanadium steels may soften excessively, making it valuable for specific brass, copper, and higher-temperature forming operations. --- ## **Chemical Composition (Typical Weight %)** H14 features a distinctive tungsten-chromium composition that sets it apart from mainstream hot work steels. | Element | Content (%) | Role in Hot Work Performance | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Tungsten (W)** | **4.00 - 5.00** | **Primary high-temperature strengthening element.** Forms stable tungsten carbides (WC, W₂C) that provide exceptional resistance to softening at elevated temperatures and enhance hot hardness. | | **Chromium (Cr)** | 4.00 - 4.75 | Provides oxidation resistance, moderate hardenability, and contributes to hot strength through chromium carbide formation. | | **Vanadium (V)** | 0.40 - 0.60 | Forms stable vanadium carbides that refine grain size and improve elevated-temperature wear resistance. | | **Carbon (C)** | 0.35 - 0.45 | Provides base hardness while maintaining toughness at high temperatures. | | **Molybdenum (Mo)** | **≤ 0.25** | Minimal content; H14 relies on tungsten rather than molybdenum for high-temperature strength. | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.80 - 1.20 | Increases resistance to thermal fatigue and oxidation. | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.20 - 0.50 | Aids hardenability and deoxidization. | | **Sulfur (S)** | ≤ 0.03 | - | | **Phosphorus (P)** | ≤ 0.03 | - | | **Iron (Fe)** | **Balance** | Base metal. | **Key Distinction:** H14's **tungsten content (4-5%)** differentiates it from the more common chromium-molybdenum-vanadium hot work steels (H11-H13). This tungsten addition places H14 in a transitional category between conventional chromium hot work steels and the high-tungsten H21-H26 series. --- ## **Physical & Mechanical Properties** *Properties are for material in the hardened and tempered condition (typical operating hardness 44-48 HRC).* | Property | Typical Value / Description | | :--- | :--- | | **Density** | ~7.87 g/cm³ (Slightly higher than molybdenum-based H-series due to tungsten) | | **Hardness (Annealed)** | 200 - 225 HB | | **Hardness (Hardened & Tempered)** | **40 - 52 HRC** (Typically operated at 44-48 HRC) | | **Hot Hardness (at 600°C / 1110°F)** | **~36-40 HRC** (Superior to H13 at this temperature due to tungsten carbides) | | **Tensile Strength** | 1400 - 1700 MPa (at 45 HRC) | | **Yield Strength (0.2%)** | 1200 - 1500 MPa (at 45 HRC) | | **Elongation** | 7 - 10% (at 45 HRC) | | **Impact Toughness (Charpy)** | 15 - 25 J (at 45 HRC) | | **Thermal Fatigue Resistance** | **Good.** Adequate resistance to heat checking but generally inferior to H13 in severe thermal cycling applications. | | **Thermal Conductivity** | **~26.5 W/m·K** at 20°C (Lower than molybdenum-based grades) | | **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion** | ~12.1 × 10⁻⁶/°C (20-500°C) | | **Maximum Continuous Service Temperature** | **~600°C (1110°F)** (Higher than H13's ~540°C) | | **Machinability (Annealed)** | **Fair** (~50-55% of 1% carbon steel). More difficult than H13 due to tungsten carbides. | | **Grindability** | **Fair to Poor.** Tungsten carbides increase grinding difficulty compared to molybdenum-based steels. | --- ## **Heat Treatment Guidelines** Proper heat treatment is essential to optimize H14's tungsten-strengthened microstructure. | Process | Parameters | Special Considerations for H14 | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Annealing** | Heat to 845-870°C (1550-1600°F), slow furnace cool to 480°C (900°F) at ≤15°C/hr, then air cool. | Results in ~210 HB for machining. | | **Stress Relieving** | 650-675°C (1200-1250°F) for 2 hrs, air cool. | Recommended after rough machining. | | **Preheating** | **Double preheat:** 650°C (1200°F) and 850°C (1560°F). | Essential to prevent thermal shock during high-temperature austenitizing. | | **Austenitizing** | **1000-1040°C (1830-1905°F).** Soak: 20-30 min/inch. | Higher temperatures improve dissolution of tungsten carbides but may reduce toughness. | | **Quenching** | **Oil quench** (preferred for maximum hardness) or **air quench** (for complex shapes). | Oil quenching ensures full hardness in thicker sections; tungsten content provides good hardenability. | | **Tempering** | **Double temper at 560-620°C (1040-1150°F)** for 2+ hours each. | Higher tempering temperatures than H13 are typical; must temper above intended service temperature. | --- ## **Product Applications** H14 is specialized for applications requiring good hot hardness at temperatures between 500-650°C, particularly where conventional H13 may soften excessively. ### **Primary Hot Work Applications:** 1. **Brass and Copper Forging Dies:** Where operating temperatures exceed those suitable for H13 (typically 600-800°C workpiece temperatures). 2. **Hot Extrusion Tooling:** For copper and brass extrusion where die temperatures are higher than in aluminum extrusion. 3. **Die Casting Dies for Higher Melting Point Alloys:** Such as brass, bronze, or magnesium die casting. 4. **Hot Work Tools for Steel Forming:** At moderate temperatures (500-600°C) where higher hot hardness is beneficial. 5. **Hot Piercing Punches and Mandrels:** For piercing hot metals at elevated temperatures. 6. **Glass Forming Tools:** Molds, plungers, and shears for glass manufacturing. 7. **Hot Shear Blades:** For cutting hot metals at temperatures where H13 would soften. ### **Industry Usage:** - **Non-Ferrous Metal Forging** (Brass, Copper, Bronze) - **Copper & Brass Extrusion** - **Specialty Die Casting Operations** - **Glass Manufacturing** - **Higher-Temperature Metal Forming** --- ## **International Standards & Cross-Reference** AISI H14 is recognized in several international systems, though less common than H13. | Standard | Designation | Equivalent / Similar Grade | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **AISI/SAE (USA)** | **H14** | - | | **UNS (USA)** | **T20814** | - | | **ASTM (USA)** | A681 | Grade H14 | | **Europe (EN)** | **~1.2606** | X30WCrV5-3 (Approximate; different composition) | | **Germany (DIN)** | **~1.2606** | X30WCrV5-3 | | **Japan (JIS)** | **Not standard** | - | | **ISO** | **~30WCrV5** | - | | **China (GB)** | **3Cr2W8V** (Different composition) | - | **Important Note:** True chemical equivalents to AISI H14 are uncommon in modern international standards. The European DIN 1.2606 (X30WCrV5-3) has different tungsten (4.5-5.5%) and chromium (2.5-3.5%) levels but represents a similar tungsten-chromium hot work steel concept. H14 remains primarily an AISI standard grade. --- ## **Technical Comparison: H14 vs. Other Hot Work Steels** | Property | **H14 (UNS T20814)** | **H13 (UNS T20813)** | **H21 (UNS T20821)** | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Primary Strengthening Element** | **Tungsten (4-5% W)** | Molybdenum (1.25-1.75% Mo) | **High Tungsten (8-10% W)** | | **Chromium Content** | 4.00-4.75% | **4.75-5.50%** | 3.00-3.75% | | **Vanadium Content** | 0.40-0.60% | **0.80-1.20%** | 0.30-0.60% | | **Hot Hardness (at 600°C)** | **38-40 HRC** | 34-36 HRC | **42-44 HRC** | | **Toughness (at 45 HRC)** | 15-25 J | **25-40 J** | 10-20 J | | **Thermal Fatigue Resistance** | Good | **Excellent** | Fair | | **Maximum Service Temperature** | **~600°C (1110°F)** | ~540°C (1000°F) | **~650°C (1200°F)** | | **Primary Application** | **Moderate-high temp tools** | **General-purpose die casting** | **High-temperature forging** | | **Relative Cost** | Moderate | **Lowest** | Highest | --- ## **Advantages & Considerations** ### **Advantages:** 1. **Enhanced Hot Hardness:** Superior resistance to softening at temperatures above 500°C compared to molybdenum-based chromium hot work steels. 2. **Good High-Temperature Strength:** Maintains mechanical properties at elevated temperatures suitable for brass and copper processing. 3. **Resistance to Tempering:** Tungsten carbides resist coarsening and dissolution better than molybdenum carbides at high temperatures. 4. **Good Wear Resistance at Temperature:** Suitable for applications involving both heat and moderate abrasion. 5. **Versatile Quenching:** Can be oil or air quenched depending on application requirements and section size. ### **Considerations:** 1. **Lower Toughness:** Reduced impact resistance compared to H11 or H13 at equivalent hardness due to tungsten carbides. 2. **Reduced Thermal Fatigue Resistance:** More susceptible to heat checking than H13 in severe thermal cycling applications. 3. **Lower Thermal Conductivity:** Reduced heat dissipation compared to molybdenum-based grades, potentially leading to higher thermal gradients. 4. **Limited Availability:** Much less common than H13; often requires special ordering with longer lead times. 5. **Specific Application Focus:** Over-specified for typical aluminum die casting; best reserved for moderate-high temperature applications (500-650°C). --- ## **Metallurgical Characteristics & Microstructure** ### **Tungsten Carbide Effects:** 1. **Higher Austenitizing Temperatures:** Required to achieve adequate tungsten in solution (1000-1040°C vs. 1000-1030°C for H13). 2. **Different Tempering Kinetics:** Peak secondary hardness occurs at higher tempering temperatures (560-620°C) than for molybdenum-based steels. 3. **Slower Carbide Coarsening:** Tungsten carbides resist growth during prolonged high-temperature exposure, maintaining strength better over time. ### **Microstructural Stability:** H14's tungsten-based carbides provide excellent microstructural stability during prolonged exposure to temperatures in the 500-600°C range, making it suitable for tools with long cycle times or continuous operation at elevated temperatures. --- ## **Modern Relevance & Niche Applications** While largely supplanted by more advanced hot work steels for mainstream applications, H14 continues to find use in specific niches: 1. **Legacy Tooling Systems:** Where original specifications call for H14 and retooling with modern grades is impractical. 2. **Specialized High-Temperature Applications:** Particularly in brass and copper industries where its temperature capability matches process requirements. 3. **Cost-Performance Balance:** For applications requiring better hot hardness than H13 but where premium H21-series steels are economically unjustified. 4. **Educational Context:** As an example of tungsten-modified chromium hot work steel in metallurgical studies. --- ## **Processing Recommendations** ### **Machining (Annealed State):** - Use carbide tools with positive rake angles - Moderate cutting speeds with generous feed rates - Use high-pressure coolant to manage heat and extend tool life - Avoid interrupted cuts when possible ### **Grinding (Hardened State):** - Aluminum oxide or CBN wheels recommended - Light infeeds with consistent traverse rates - Ample coolant to prevent thermal damage - Regular wheel dressing to maintain cutting efficiency ### **Welding (If Necessary):** - Preheating to 400-450°C is essential - Use matching or slightly overalloyed filler metals - Post-weld tempering at 550-600°C for stress relief --- ## **Conclusion** **AISI Type H14 Chromium Hot Work Tool Steel (UNS T20814)** represents a **specialized, transitional material** that bridges the performance gap between conventional chromium-molybdenum hot work steels and high-tungsten hot work grades. Its **unique tungsten-chromium alloy system** provides **enhanced hot hardness and elevated temperature capability** compared to mainstream H13, making it particularly suitable for applications involving sustained exposure to temperatures in the 500-600°C range, such as brass and copper processing. While its **reduced toughness and thermal fatigue resistance** compared to H13 limit its application in severe thermal cycling environments, and its **lower availability** makes it less convenient than industry standards, H14 offers a **valuable solution for specific moderate-high temperature hot work applications** where resistance to softening is the primary concern. For tooling engineers working with higher melting point non-ferrous metals or moderate-temperature steel forming operations where H13 shows limitations but full tungsten hot work steels are excessive, H14 provides a **targeted material option** that continues to serve niche applications in metal forming and processing industries. It stands as a reminder of the diverse alloying approaches available in hot work tool steel design and maintains relevance in specific industrial contexts where its particular balance of properties aligns perfectly with application requirements. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI Type H14 Chromium Hot Work Tool Steel (UNS T20814) Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <6689 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI Type H14 Chromium Hot Work Tool Steel (UNS T20814) Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of AISI Type H14 Chromium Hot Work Tool Steel Rod (UNS T20814) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers AISI Type H14 Chromium Hot Work Tool Steel Rod (UNS T20814) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of AISI Type H14 Chromium Hot Work Tool Steel Rod (UNS T20814) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Rod drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 3160 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition