JIS SKS94 Oil-hardening Cold Work Tool Steel Wire

JIS SKS94 Oil-hardening Cold Work Tool Steel Wire Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: JIS SKS94 Oil-hardening Cold Work Tool Steel Wire Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

JIS SKS94 Oil-hardening Cold Work Tool Steel Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **JIS SKS94 Oil-Hardening Cold Work Tool Steel** **International Standard:** JIS G4404 (Japan Industrial Standard) - Tool Steels --- ## **1. Overview** JIS SKS94 is a **high-carbon, low-alloy oil-hardening cold work tool steel** that represents a specialized grade within the SKS series, designed for applications requiring **exceptional wear resistance, high hardness potential, and reliable dimensional stability**. Characterized by its **optimized alloy balance and enhanced hardenability**, SKS94 provides superior performance for demanding cold work applications where both abrasion resistance and consistent heat treatment response are critical requirements. --- ## **2. Chemical Composition (Typical Weight %)** | Element | Content (%) | | :------ | :---------- | | C | 0.95–1.05 | | Si | 0.15–0.35 | | Mn | 0.80–1.10 | | Cr | 0.80–1.20 | | W | 0.80–1.20 | | V | 0.15–0.30 | | Mo | ≤ 0.30 | | P (max) | 0.030 | | S (max) | 0.030 | **Balance:** Iron (Fe). **Key Characteristics:** SKS94 features a **carefully balanced alloy system** with: - **High carbon content (0.95–1.05%)** for excellent hardenability and carbide formation - **Enhanced chromium (0.80–1.20%) and tungsten (0.80–1.20%)** for improved hardenability and wear resistance - **Vanadium addition (0.15–0.30%)** for grain refinement and secondary hardening - **Moderate manganese (0.80–1.10%)** for good hardenability without excessive distortion --- ## **3. Physical & Mechanical Properties** ### **Physical Properties** - **Density:** ~7.84 g/cm³ - **Thermal Conductivity:** ~38 W/m·K (at 20°C) - **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion:** ~11.8 ×10⁻⁶ /K (20–200°C) - **Specific Heat Capacity:** ~0.46 kJ/kg·K - **Modulus of Elasticity:** ~210 GPa - **Magnetic Properties:** Ferromagnetic ### **Mechanical Properties (Heat-Treated)** - **Annealed Hardness:** 201–241 HB - **Hardened & Tempered Hardness:** **61–64 HRC** (typical working range) - Can achieve 63–64 HRC with optimal low-temperature tempering - **Tensile Strength:** ~2100–2400 MPa (at 63 HRC) - **Yield Strength:** ~1900–2200 MPa - **Elongation:** **Moderate** – 4–8% - **Impact Toughness (Charpy):** **Good** – Typically 10–18 J - **Wear Resistance:** **Excellent** – Superior abrasion resistance due to tungsten and chromium carbides - **Compressive Strength:** ~2700–3100 MPa - **Fatigue Strength:** Good – Suitable for cyclic loading applications - **Dimensional Stability:** **Excellent** – Minimal distortion during oil quenching ### **Hardenability Characteristics:** - **Critical Diameter (Oil Quench):** ~40–60 mm for 50% martensite at center - **Hardness Gradient:** Moderate – excellent through-hardening capability - **Full Hardening Depth:** Up to 80 mm diameter achievable - **Size Change Predictability:** Very good – typically 0.07–0.12% expansion --- ## **4. Heat Treatment Specifications** ### **1. Annealing** - **Temperature:** 760–800°C - **Process:** Heat uniformly, hold for 2–4 hours, furnace cool slowly (≤ 20°C/h) to 550°C, then air cool - **Resulting Hardness:** 201–241 HB - **Spheroidize Annealing:** 770–790°C for 4–6 hours, slow cool to 600°C at 10°C/h ### **2. Stress Relieving** - **Temperature:** 600–650°C - **Hold Time:** 1–2 hours per 25mm thickness - **Purpose:** Critical for complex tools to minimize distortion ### **3. Hardening (Quenching)** - **Preheating:** **Highly Recommended** - **First Preheat:** 400–500°C - **Second Preheat:** 700–750°C - **Austenitizing Temperature:** **800–850°C** (typically 820–830°C) - **Soaking Time:** 20–40 minutes per 25mm at temperature - **Quenching Medium:** **Oil** (40–80°C recommended) - Warm oil provides optimal cooling characteristics - **Agitation:** Moderate agitation recommended - **Quench Temperature:** Quench to 50–70°C ### **4. Tempering** - **Immediate Tempering Required:** Begin when tool reaches 50–80°C - **Temperature Range:** - **Low Temperature (150–200°C):** For maximum hardness (63–64 HRC) – 1–2 hours - **Medium-Low (200–300°C):** For optimal balance (61–63 HRC) – 1–2 hours - **Medium (300–400°C):** For improved toughness (59–61 HRC) – 1–2 hours - **High (400–550°C):** For maximum toughness (56–59 HRC) – 1.5–2.5 hours - **Hold Time:** 1–2 hours per 25mm thickness, minimum 1 hour - **Cycles:** Single temper usually sufficient; double tempering improves stability - **Secondary Hardening:** Good response due to tungsten and vanadium ### **5. Special Considerations:** - **Decarburization Control:** Important – protective atmosphere recommended - **Grain Growth Resistance:** Excellent – alloying elements prevent excessive growth - **Size Change:** Predictable and consistent - **Retained Austenite:** Typically low (<5%) with proper tempering --- ## **5. Key Features & Advantages** 1. **High Hardness Potential:** Can achieve 63–64 HRC, suitable for extreme wear applications 2. **Excellent Wear Resistance:** Tungsten and chromium carbides provide superior abrasion resistance 3. **Superior Dimensional Stability:** Minimal distortion during oil quenching 4. **Good Through-Hardenability:** Can effectively harden large sections 5. **Balanced Toughness:** Maintains reasonable impact resistance at high hardness 6. **Excellent Machinability:** In annealed state, comparable to other SKS grades 7. **Reliable Heat Treatment:** Consistent results with proper processing 8. **Cost-Effective Performance:** Excellent value for high-performance applications **Limitations:** - **Moderate Toughness:** Not suitable for severe impact applications - **Limited Hot Hardness:** Not designed for elevated temperature service - **Specialized Grade:** May have limited availability compared to standard grades - **Higher Cost:** More expensive than basic oil-hardening grades --- ## **6. Typical Applications** SKS94 is used for **high-performance cold work tooling** where exceptional wear resistance and dimensional stability are required. ### **Stamping & Forming Tools:** - **High-Volume Blanking Dies:** For automotive and appliance components - **Precision Piercing Tools:** For tight-tolerance hole production - **Progressive Dies:** Multi-station dies requiring long service life - **Fine Blanking Tools:** For clean-edge requirements - **Forming and Drawing Dies:** For complex shaped components ### **Cutting Tools:** - **Industrial Shear Blades:** For metal cutting operations - **Slitting Knives:** For high-production coil processing - **Cut-off Tools:** For precision cutting applications - **Specialty Cutting Tools:** For abrasive materials ### **Mold & Die Applications:** - **Plastic Injection Molds:** For engineering plastics and composites - **Die Casting Components:** Cores and cavities for non-ferrous alloys - **Rubber Molds:** For high-volume production - **Powder Metal Compaction Dies:** For complex shaped parts ### **Precision Tooling:** - **Gauges and Fixtures:** High-precision measurement tools - **Jigs and Templates:** For manufacturing and assembly - **Machine Components:** Wear plates, guide pins, bushings - **Tool Holders:** For machining operations ### **Special Applications:** - **Thread Rolling Dies:** For precision thread production - **Knurling Tools:** For surface patterning operations - **Marking and Engraving Tools:** For product identification - **Wear Parts:** Subject to severe abrasion --- ## **7. International Standard Equivalents** | Standard | Grade Designation | Notes | | :--------------- | :------------------ | :----------------------------------------- | | **JIS** | SKS94 | Original specification (JIS G4404) | | **AISI/SAE (USA)**| No direct equivalent | Similar to high-performance O1 variants | | **DIN (Germany)** | 1.2510 mod | Modified with enhanced alloying | | **ISO** | 100MnCrW4 | International designation | | **Custom** | Various high-performance oil-hardening grades | Engineered for specific needs | **Note:** SKS94 represents a specialized high-performance variant within the Japanese tool steel system, optimized for specific industrial requirements. --- ## **8. Summary & Selection Guidelines** JIS SKS94 represents a **high-performance oil-hardening tool steel** optimized for applications requiring exceptional wear resistance and dimensional stability. ### **Select SKS94 When:** 1. **Exceptional wear resistance** is required for abrasive applications 2. **High hardness (61–64 HRC)** is needed for long tool life 3. **Excellent dimensional stability** is critical for precision tooling 4. **Good through-hardenability** is required for large sections 5. **Reliable, consistent performance** is needed in production environments 6. **Balanced properties** (wear resistance with reasonable toughness) are required ### **Economic & Technical Value:** - **Superior tool life** compared to standard oil-hardening grades - **Reduced downtime** through reliable performance - **Excellent return on investment** for high-volume production - **Technical advantages** justify moderate cost premium over basic grades ### **Final Recommendation:** SKS94 offers **excellent performance characteristics** for demanding cold work applications where wear resistance and dimensional stability are paramount. Its balanced alloy system provides **superior performance** while maintaining the **processing advantages** of oil-hardening steels. For applications requiring **more than standard performance** but not the extreme specialization of air-hardening or high-speed steels, SKS94 represents an **optimal technical solution**. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: JIS SKS94 Oil-hardening Cold Work Tool Steel Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <6834 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: JIS SKS94 Oil-hardening Cold Work Tool Steel Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of JIS SKS94 Oil-hardening Cold Work Tool Steel Wire -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers JIS SKS94 Oil-hardening Cold Work Tool Steel Wire -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of JIS SKS94 Oil-hardening Cold Work Tool Steel Wire -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Wire drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 3305 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition