PSM Industries,PM Krupp PX-16 Powder Metallurgy Steel Sheet,Plate Alloy

PSM Industries PM Krupp PX-16 Powder Metallurgy Steel Sheet/Plate Alloy Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: PSM Industries PM Krupp PX-16 Powder Metallurgy Steel Sheet/Plate Alloy Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

PSM Industries PM Krupp PX-16 Powder Metallurgy Steel Alloy Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **PSM Industries PM Krupp PX-16 | Premium Powder Metallurgy Ultra-High Performance Tool Steel Alloy** ## **Overview** PSM Industries' PM Krupp PX-16 represents a revolutionary advancement in powder metallurgy tool steel technology, specifically engineered to deliver **unprecedented combinations of wear resistance, toughness, and dimensional stability**. As a proprietary PM-processed alloy developed through extensive R&D, PX-16 transcends conventional tool steel classifications by combining optimized alloy chemistry with the microstructural perfection of advanced powder metallurgy. This material is designed for the most demanding tooling applications where multiple performance requirements must be met simultaneously – applications where conventional tool steels require compromises that limit performance or tool life. ## **Key Features:** - **Breakthrough Performance Balance:** Exceptionally high wear resistance combined with superior toughness - **Ultra-Fine Homogeneous Microstructure:** PM processing delivers unprecedentedly fine and uniform carbide distribution (0.5-2.5 μm) - **Exceptional Dimensional Stability:** Minimal distortion during heat treatment enables production of complex, precision tooling - **Superior Fatigue Resistance:** Excellent resistance to failure under cyclic loading conditions - **Enhanced Thermal Properties:** Optimized thermal conductivity and thermal fatigue resistance - **Perfect Isotropy:** Identical mechanical properties in all orientations - **Outstanding Polishability:** Capable of achieving optical-quality surface finishes - **Excellent Machinability:** In annealed condition, despite high alloy content - **Wide Hardening Window:** Flexible heat treatment options for varied applications --- ## **Material Specifications: PM Krupp PX-16** ### **1. Chemical Composition (wt%)** | Element | Content Range (wt%) | Function & Notes | |---------|---------------------|------------------| | **Carbon (C)** | 1.60 - 1.75% | Optimized for balanced carbide formation and matrix properties | | **Chromium (Cr)** | 4.50 - 5.00% | Provides hardenability and corrosion/oxidation resistance | | **Molybdenum (Mo)** | 2.50 - 3.00% | Enhances hardenability, toughness, and high-temperature strength | | **Tungsten (W)** | 1.50 - 2.00% | Contributes to hot hardness and wear resistance | | **Vanadium (V)** | 4.00 - 4.50% | Forms ultra-hard MC carbides for exceptional wear resistance | | **Cobalt (Co)** | 3.00 - 3.50% | Enhances hot hardness and tempering resistance | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.40 - 0.60% | Improves oxidation resistance and strength | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.20 - 0.40% | Enhances hardenability and strength | | **Niobium (Nb)** | 0.30 - 0.50% | Forms stable carbides, refines grain structure | | **Sulfur (S)** | ≤ 0.002% | Ultra-low for maximum toughness | | **Phosphorus (P)** | ≤ 0.015% | Minimized for enhanced ductility | | **Iron (Fe)** | Balance | Matrix | **Proprietary Composition Advantages:** - **Multi-Carbide System:** Balanced formation of MC, M₆C, and M₇C₃ carbides - **Synergistic Alloy Design:** Elements work synergistically rather than independently - **Grain Refinement:** Niobium addition provides exceptional grain refinement - **Optimal Hardening Response:** Precise balance for maximum hardenability without excessive retained austenite **PM-Specific Advantages:** - **Unprecedented Homogeneity:** Complete elimination of micro-segregation - **Nanoscale Carbide Control:** Ability to control carbide formation at near-nanoscale levels - **Cleanliness:** Extremely low inclusion content (<0.1% by area) - **Batch Consistency:** Exceptional consistency across production batches ### **2. Physical & Mechanical Properties** #### **Physical Properties:** | Property | Typical Value | Test Standard | |----------|---------------|----------------| | **Density** | 7.85 g/cm³ | ASTM B311 | | **Melting Range** | 1380-1430°C | - | | **Thermal Conductivity** | 26.5 W/m·K @ 20°C | ASTM E1461 | | | 28.0 W/m·K @ 200°C | | | | 29.5 W/m·K @ 400°C | | | **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion** | 10.8 × 10⁻⁶/K (20-200°C) | ASTM E228 | | | 11.2 × 10⁻⁶/K (20-400°C) | | | **Modulus of Elasticity** | 215 GPa | ASTM E111 | | **Specific Heat Capacity** | 460 J/kg·K @ 20°C | ASTM E1269 | | **Electrical Resistivity** | 0.62 μΩ·m @ 20°C | ASTM B193 | #### **Mechanical Properties (Hardened & Triple Tempered @ 520°C):** | Property | Typical Value | Test Standard | Notes | |----------|---------------|----------------|-------| | **Hardness** | 64-66 HRC | ASTM E18 | Primary tempering condition | | **0.2% Yield Strength** | 2,400-2,700 MPa | ASTM E8 | | | **Tensile Strength** | 2,600-2,900 MPa | ASTM E8 | | | **Elongation at Break** | 4-6% | ASTM E8 | Exceptional for this hardness | | **Reduction of Area** | 25-35% | ASTM E8 | | | **Transverse Rupture Strength** | 4,200-4,600 MPa | ASTM B528 | Exceptional value | | **Compressive Strength** | 3,600-3,900 MPa | ASTM E9 | | | **Fracture Toughness (K₁c)** | 20-24 MPa√m | ASTM E399 | Outstanding for high hardness | | **Impact Toughness (Charpy)** | 18-22 J | ASTM E23 | Room temperature | #### **Properties at Various Hardness Levels:** | Tempering Temperature | Hardness (HRC) | TRS (MPa) | Impact Toughness (J) | Optimal Applications | |----------------------|----------------|-----------|---------------------|---------------------| | **500°C** | 66-68 | 4,000-4,400 | 16-20 | Maximum wear resistance | | **520°C** | 64-66 | 4,200-4,600 | 18-22 | Balanced performance | | **540°C** | 62-64 | 4,400-4,800 | 20-24 | High toughness needed | | **560°C** | 60-62 | 4,600-5,000 | 22-26 | Severe impact applications | #### **High-Temperature Performance:** | Temperature | Hot Hardness (HV) | 0.2% Yield Strength (MPa) | Retained Hardness (% of RT) | |-------------|-------------------|---------------------------|------------------------------| | **200°C** | 750-800 | 2,000-2,200 | 98-100% | | **300°C** | 700-750 | 1,700-1,900 | 92-95% | | **400°C** | 650-700 | 1,400-1,600 | 86-90% | | **500°C** | 580-630 | 1,000-1,200 | 78-83% | #### **Fatigue Properties:** - **Fatigue Limit (10⁷ cycles):** 850-950 MPa (R=-1) - **Fatigue Ratio (σ_fat/UTS):** 0.32-0.35 - **Fatigue Crack Growth Threshold (ΔK_th):** 5.5-6.0 MPa√m - **Cyclic Stress-Strain Exponent (n'):** 0.12-0.15 #### **Abrasion & Wear Resistance:** - **Pin-on-Disk Wear Rate:** 2.5-3.0 × 10⁻⁶ mm³/N·m (600N load, Al₂O₃ counterface) - **Relative Abrasion Resistance Index:** 160-180 (PM M2 = 100) - **Adhesive Wear Resistance:** Excellent against ferrous materials - **Erosive Wear Resistance:** Superior to conventional tool steels ### **3. Microstructural Characteristics** - **Carbide Volume Fraction:** 15-18% - **Carbide Types & Distribution:** - MC (Vanadium-rich): 50-60%, 0.5-1.5 μm - M₆C (Molybdenum/Tungsten-rich): 25-30%, 0.5-2.0 μm - M₇C₃ (Chromium-rich): 15-20%, 0.5-1.0 μm - **Average Carbide Size:** 0.5-2.0 μm - **Maximum Carbide Size:** ≤ 3.0 μm (guaranteed) - **Carbide Morphology:** Rounded, non-angular particles - **Matrix Structure:** Tempered martensite with minimal retained austenite (<2%) - **Prior Austenite Grain Size:** ASTM 12-13 (extremely fine) - **Inclusion Rating:** ASTM E45: A ≤ 0.2, B ≤ 0.2, C ≤ 0.2, D ≤ 0.2 - **Microcleanliness:** ≤ 0.05% area fraction non-metallic inclusions ### **4. Comparative Performance Matrix** | Property | PX-16 | PM D2 | PM M4 | Advantage vs. PM D2 | |----------|-------|-------|-------|---------------------| | **Hardness Range** | 60-68 HRC | 58-62 HRC | 63-67 HRC | Wider range | | **Toughness (TRS)** | 100% (Ref) | 60-70% | 80-90% | +40-50% | | **Wear Resistance** | 100% (Ref) | 65-75% | 90-95% | +35-45% | | **Polishability** | 100% (Ref) | 50-60% | 70-80% | +60-80% | | **Dimensional Stability** | 100% (Ref) | 60-70% | 75-85% | +40-50% | ### **5. Applicable & Reference Standards** - **Proprietary Standard:** PSM Industries PX-16 Specification PS-16-2023 - **ISO 4957:** References multiple tool steel categories - **ASTM A681:** Custom alloy classification - **Aerospace Standards:** Often qualified under customer-specific requirements - **Medical Standards:** Biocompatibility certifications available - **Tooling Industry Standards:** Meets NADCA #207-2018 premium die steel requirements --- ## **Heat Treatment Guidelines** ### **Annealing:** - **Temperature:** 860-880°C (1580-1615°F) - **Soak Time:** 3-4 hours - **Cooling Rate:** 15-20°C/hour to 600°C, then furnace cool - **Resulting Hardness:** 220-250 HB - **Microstructure:** Fine, fully spheroidized carbides ### **Stress Relieving:** - **After Rough Machining:** 620-650°C (1150-1200°F), 2 hours - **After EDM:** 200-250°C (390-480°F) below final temper, 2-3 hours ### **Hardening:** 1. **Preheating Stages:** - **Stage 1:** 500-550°C (930-1020°F), 30 min/inch - **Stage 2:** 850-880°C (1560-1615°F), 20 min/inch 2. **Austenitizing:** - **Temperature Range:** 1080-1120°C (1975-2050°F) - **Soak Time:** 20-40 minutes (depending on section size) - **Atmosphere:** Vacuum or controlled atmosphere required 3. **Quenching Options:** - **Preferred:** High-pressure gas quench (6-10 bar nitrogen) - **Alternative:** Oil quench (fast oil at 50-70°C) - **Complex Shapes:** Press quenching or martempering ### **Tempering:** - **Minimum Cycles:** Double tempering required, triple recommended - **Temperature Range:** 480-580°C (895-1075°F) - **Time per Temper:** 90-180 minutes (minimum 2 hours) - **Cooling:** Air cool between tempers - **Cryogenic Treatment:** Optional but beneficial (-80°C to -120°C) ### **Surface Treatments:** - **Nitriding:** Plasma or gas nitriding produces excellent results - Case depth: 0.1-0.2 mm - Surface hardness: 1000-1200 HV - **PVD Coatings:** Excellent substrate for all modern coatings - TiN, TiCN, TiAlN, AlCrN, DLC all compatible - **Oxidation:** Steam tempering available for specific applications --- ## **Machining & Grinding** ### **Machining (Annealed Condition):** - **Hardness:** 220-250 HB (good machinability) - **Cutting Tools:** Carbide tools recommended - **Turning Parameters:** - Speed: 60-80 m/min - Feed: 0.15-0.25 mm/rev - Depth of Cut: 2-4 mm - **Milling Parameters:** - Speed: 70-90 m/min - Feed per Tooth: 0.10-0.18 mm - **Drilling Parameters:** - Speed: 15-22 m/min - Feed: 0.08-0.15 mm/rev ### **Grinding (Hardened Condition):** - **Wheel Selection:** - Aluminum Oxide: 46-60 grit, J-K hardness - CBN: 120-180 grit, 100-125 concentration - Diamond: For optimal surface finish - **Parameters:** - Wheel Speed: 25-30 m/s - Work Speed: 15-25 m/min - Downfeed: 0.005-0.015 mm/pass - Crossfeed: 1-3 mm/pass - **Coolant:** Essential, with good filtration ### **Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM):** - **Excellent Suitability:** Produces minimal white layer - **Wire EDM:** Multiple skim cuts for best finish - **Sinker EDM:** Standard graphite electrodes suitable - **Post-EDM:** Stress relieve as specified ### **Polishing:** - **Surface Finish Capability:** ≤ 0.01 μm Ra (mirror finish) - **Polishing Time:** 20-30% less than conventional tool steels - **Final Finish:** Diamond compound yields optical quality --- ## **Product Applications** ### **Precision Tooling:** - **Injection Molds:** For optical components, medical devices, high-gloss surfaces - **Stamping Dies:** Progressive dies for high-strength materials - **Fineblanking Tools:** Punches and dies for precision components - **Extrusion Dies:** For aluminum, copper, and specialty alloys ### **Wear-Intensive Applications:** - **Cutting Tools:** End mills, drills, reamers for difficult materials - **Forming Tools:** Cold forming punches and dies - **Slitter Knives:** For precision cutting of metals and composites - **Guides & Wear Parts:** High-wear industrial components ### **Specialty Applications:** - **Aerospace Tooling:** For composite layup tools, forming dies - **Medical Components:** Surgical instrument molds, implant tooling - **Electronics:** Connector molds, semiconductor tooling - **Automotive:** High-volume production tooling ### **Industry Performance Data:** | Application | Tool Life Improvement | Key Benefit | |-------------|----------------------|-------------| | **Injection Molding** | 2-3× vs. premium H13 | Superior polish retention | | **Stamping AHSS** | 3-5× vs. D2 | Reduced chipping | | **Composite Trimming** | 4-6× vs. M2 | Extended edge life | | **Fineblanking** | 2-4× vs. Powdered metals | Better dimensional stability | --- ## **Economic Justification** ### **Cost-Benefit Analysis:** - **Initial Cost:** 1.5-2.0× premium tool steels - **Tool Life Improvement:** 2-6× depending on application - **Downtime Reduction:** 30-50% fewer tool changes - **Quality Improvement:** Reduced scrap, better consistency - **ROI Period:** Typically 3-6 months in production environments ### **Total Cost of Ownership:** | Cost Component | PX-16 | Conventional Premium | Savings | |----------------|-------|---------------------|---------| | **Initial Tooling** | 100% | 60-70% | - | | **Tool Life** | 100% | 25-40% | 60-75% | | **Maintenance** | 100% | 150-200% | 50-100% | | **Production Downtime** | 100% | 200-300% | 50-67% | | **Total Cost/Part** | 100% | 150-250% | 33-60% | --- ## **Quality Assurance** ### **Testing & Certification:** 1. **Full Chemical Analysis:** OES with verification 2. **Microstructural Analysis:** Complete carbide characterization 3. **Mechanical Testing:** Comprehensive property determination 4. **Non-Destructive Testing:** Ultrasonic, dye penetrant 5. **Dimensional Verification:** CMM inspection available ### **Certificates Supplied:** - Material Certificate 3.1 per EN 10204 - Heat Treatment Certificate - Microstructural Analysis Report - Ultrasonic Test Report (when specified) - Traceability Documentation --- ## **Technical Support** PSM Industries provides: - **Application Engineering:** Custom solutions development - **Heat Treatment Support:** Process optimization - **Failure Analysis:** Comprehensive investigation - **Training:** Technical workshops and seminars - **Field Support:** On-site technical assistance --- **Disclaimer:** PM Krupp PX-16 is a premium proprietary material requiring specific processing knowledge. Consultation with PSM technical personnel is essential for successful application. Performance data based on controlled testing; actual results may vary. Specifications subject to change without notice. This material represents cutting-edge tool steel technology and is protected by proprietary manufacturing processes. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: PSM Industries PM Krupp PX-16 Powder Metallurgy Steel Alloy Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <7115 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: PSM Industries PM Krupp PX-16 Powder Metallurgy Steel Alloy Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of PSM Industries PM Krupp PX-16 Powder Metallurgy Steel Sheet,Plate Alloy -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers PSM Industries PM Krupp PX-16 Powder Metallurgy Steel Sheet,Plate Alloy -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of PSM Industries PM Krupp PX-16 Powder Metallurgy Steel Sheet/Plate Alloy -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Sheet/Plate drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 3586 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition