1,We Manufacturing processes are primarily classified into four types:
1:Forging,
2:Casting,
3:Cutting,
4:Rolling.
2,We can manufacture in accordance with these standards.
Standards:
GB Series (Chinese Standards), JB Series (Machinery Standards), HG Series (Chemical Industry Standards), ASME B16.5 (American Standards), BS4504 (British Standards), DIN (German Standards), and JIS (Japanese Standards).
Internationally, there are two primary systems of pipe flange standards: the European system, represented by the German DIN standards (including those of the former Soviet Union), and the American system, represented by the US ANSI pipe flange standards. Other common standards include: the Chinese Ministry of Machinery Industry standards (JB series), the Ministry of Chemical Industry standards (HG series), the Chinese National Standard *GB/T 9112–9124-2010 Steel Pipe Flanges*, as well as US standards (ASME B16.5), British standards (BS4504), German standards (DIN), Japanese standards (JIS), and marine standards (CBM), among others.
The nominal pressure ratings for the PN series are designated by "PN" and comprise the following nine levels: PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63, PN100, and PN160.
The nominal pressure ratings for the Class series are designated by "Class" and comprise the following six levels: Class150, Class300, Class600, Class900, Class1500, and Class2500.
Flange Classification
1. **According to Chemical Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Plate Flat Welding Flange (PL), Necked Flat Welding Flange (SO), Necked Butt Welding Flange (WN), Integral Flange (IF), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Threaded Flange (Th), Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/SE), Blind Flange (BL), Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/PJ), and Lined Blind Flange (BL(s)).
2. **According to Petrochemical (SH) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Threaded Flange (PL), Butt Welding Flange (WN), Flat Welding Flange (SO), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Loose Flange (LJ), and Blind Flange (no specific designation).
3. **According to Machinery (JB) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Integral Flange, Butt Welding Flange, Plate Flat Welding Flange, Butt Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Lap Joint Ring Plate Loose Flange, and Blind Flange.
4. **According to Connection Method/Type:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Plate Flat Welding Flange, Necked Flat Welding Flange, Necked Butt Welding Flange, Socket Welding Flange, Threaded Flange, Blind Flange, Necked Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange, Ring-Type Joint (RTJ) Flange and Blind Flange, Large-Diameter Plate Flange, Large-Diameter High-Neck Flange, Figure-8 Blind Plate, Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, etc.
5. **According to the Component Being Connected:** Flanges can be classified into Vessel Flanges and Pipe Flanges.
6. **According to Structural Type:** Flanges include Integral Flanges, Threaded Flanges, Flat Welding Flanges, Butt Welding Flanges, Lap Joint (Loose/Swivel) Flanges, and Blind Flanges.
A flange—also referred to as a flange plate or rim—is a component used to connect shafts to one another, or, more commonly, to join the ends of pipes. Flanges are also utilized at the inlet and outlet ports of equipment to facilitate connections between two devices—for instance, the flange on a speed reducer. A "flange connection" or "flanged joint" refers to a detachable joint assembly comprising three interconnected elements—a flange, a gasket, and bolts—that together form a sealed structural unit. In the context of piping systems, a "pipe flange" specifically denotes a flange used for plumbing within the installation; when applied to equipment, it refers to the inlet or outlet flange of that specific device. Flanges feature a series of holes through which bolts are inserted to securely fasten the two flanges together, while a gasket placed between the flanges ensures a leak-proof seal. Flanges are broadly categorized into three types: threaded (screw-in) flanges, welded flanges, and clamp-type flanges. Flanges are invariably used in pairs; threaded flanges are suitable for low-pressure piping applications, whereas welded flanges are required for systems operating at pressures exceeding 4 kilograms per square centimeter. A sealing gasket is inserted between the two flange plates, which are then firmly secured using bolts. The thickness of a flange—as well as the specifications of the bolts used to fasten it—vary depending on the specific pressure rating required for the application. When connecting equipment such as water pumps or valves to piping systems, the corresponding connection points on these devices are often manufactured in the shape of a matching flange; this method of attachment is also referred to as a "flange connection." Generally, any connecting component that utilizes bolts to join and seal the perimeters of two flat surfaces—such as the joints in ventilation ducts—is termed a "flange"; such components may collectively be classified as "flange-type parts." However, since such a connection often constitutes merely a *portion* of a larger device—for instance, the interface between a flange and a water pump—it would be inappropriate to classify the entire water pump itself as a "flange-type part." Conversely, smaller components—such as valves—that feature such flanged interfaces may indeed be appropriately categorized as "flange-type parts."
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ASTM A213 T12 Alloy Steel Flange, Chromium Molybdenum Product Information
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ASTM A213 T12 Alloy Steel Flange, Chromium Molybdenum Synonyms
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ASTM A213 T12 Alloy Steel, Chromium Molybdenum Product Information
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## **Product Datasheet: ASTM A213 / ASME SA-213 T12 Alloy Steel Tube**
**Product Overview**
ASTM A213 T12 is a **chromium-molybdenum (Cr-Mo) low-alloy steel** seamless tube specifically designed for **elevated temperature service** in power generation and process industries. As a member of the T-series alloy tubes, T12 offers a higher chromium content than the basic T2 grade, providing improved **oxidation resistance** and **hydrogen attack resistance**. With a nominal composition of 1% chromium and 0.5% molybdenum, it is engineered for applications where operating temperatures and pressures exceed the capabilities of carbon-molybdenum steels (like A209 T1) and where better scaling resistance than T2 is required. T12 is a standard material for superheater, reheater, and high-temperature heat exchanger tubing.
**Key International Standards**
* **Primary Standard:** **ASTM A213 / A213M** - Standard Specification for Seamless Ferritic and Austenitic Alloy-Steel Boiler, Superheater, and Heat-Exchanger Tubes.
* **Governing Specification:** This product conforms to all requirements for **Grade T12** within ASTM A213.
* **ASME Designation:** **SA-213 T12** - The mandatory ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC) designation for code-stamped equipment.
* **Heat Treatment:** Typically supplied in the **annealed, normalized and tempered, or full-annealed** condition to ensure a soft, ductile microstructure suitable for tube bending and welding.
* **Related Standards:** Equivalent or closely related grades include **DIN 17175 10CrMo910** (slightly different composition), **EN 10216-2 13CrMoSi5-5**, and **JIS G3462 STBA 22**.
**Chemical Composition (Weight % - ASTM A213 T12 Requirements)**
| Element | ASTM A213 T12 Requirement | Typical Range / Aim |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **Carbon (C)** | 0.05 - 0.15% | 0.10 - 0.14% |
| **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.30 - 0.61% | 0.40 - 0.60% |
| **Phosphorus (P)** | 0.025% max | ≤ 0.020% |
| **Sulfur (S)** | 0.025% max | ≤ 0.015% |
| **Silicon (Si)** | 0.50% max | 0.25 - 0.50% |
| **Chromium (Cr)** | **0.80 - 1.25%** | 0.85 - 1.15% |
| **Molybdenum (Mo)** | **0.44 - 0.65%** | 0.44 - 0.65% |
| **Carbon Equivalent (C.E. IIW)** | -- | Typically 0.40 - 0.48 |
**Physical & Mechanical Properties (Room Temperature)**
| Property | Requirement (ASTM A213 T12) | Typical Performance / Notes |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **Tensile Strength** | 60 ksi (415 MPa) min | 65 - 80 ksi (448 - 552 MPa) |
| **Yield Strength (0.2% Offset)** | 32 ksi (220 MPa) min | 35 - 45 ksi (241 - 310 MPa) |
| **Elongation in 2" (Min)** | 30% | 30 - 35% |
| **Hardness (Approx., HB)** | -- | ~140-180 HB |
| **Maximum Recommended Metal Temperature** | -- | **Up to ~1050°F (566°C)** for prolonged service. The higher chromium content provides improved oxidation resistance over T2, extending its useful temperature range. |
| **Key Feature** | **Enhanced Oxidation & Hydrogen Resistance:** The increased chromium content (~1% Cr) provides superior resistance to high-temperature oxidation (scaling) and offers some protection against high-temperature hydrogen attack (HTHA) in certain refinery environments compared to lower-chromium grades. |
**Product Applications**
ASTM A213 T12 tubes are specified for high-temperature heat transfer surfaces where oxidation resistance and microstructural stability are critical.
* **Superheater & Reheater Tubes:** Intermediate and high-temperature sections in power plant boilers, where steam temperatures are elevated.
* **Heat Exchanger Tubes:** For high-temperature services in refineries and petrochemical plants, such as in catalytic reforming, hydroprocessing, and ethylene furnaces.
* **Process Heater Tubes:** Radiant and convection section tubes in direct-fired heaters where metal temperatures are high.
* **Steam Piping & Headers:** For high-temperature, high-pressure steam lines within its qualified temperature range.
* **Boiler Tubes:** For high-pressure applications where oxidation is a concern.
**Advantages & Fabrication Notes**
* **Weldability with Strict Controls:** Weldable using standard processes, but requires careful procedure due to its alloy content and application:
* **Preheat:** Mandatory, typically **350-450°F (177-232°C)** to prevent hydrogen cracking.
* **Low-Hydrogen Practice:** Essential (e.g., E8018-B2 or E9018-B3 electrodes for SMAW, depending on PWHT).
* **Post-Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT):** **Always required** for pressure-retaining welds. PWHT (e.g., 1250-1350°F / 677-732°C) relieves stresses and tempers the HAZ. **Slow cooling through the 1200-800°F (649-427°C) range is critical to minimize the risk of reheat cracking.**
* **Superior Oxidation Resistance:** The ~1% Cr content forms a more adherent and protective chromium-rich oxide scale, reducing metal wastage and the risk of exfoliation in superheaters.
* **Microstructural Stability:** Resists graphitization and provides good creep strength due to the molybdenum content and carbide stabilization from chromium.
* **Formability:** Good hot formability. Suitable for cold bending with appropriate radii, but post-bending heat treatment (stress relief or full PWHT) is often necessary.
* **Code Compliance:** Fully recognized in the **ASME BPVC, Section I** and **Section VIII**, with published allowable stresses up to 1050°F (566°C). It also finds application in refinery services per API RP 939-C guidelines for resistance to HTHA in certain temperature/pressure regimes.
**Disclaimer:**
This datasheet provides general information on **ASTM A213 T12 / SA-213 T12** alloy steel tubes. For procurement, specify the complete standard, grade (T12), heat treatment, and required NDE. **Design must be based on ASME BPVC allowable stress values.** Welding and PWHT are specialized operations; WPS and procedure qualification records (PQR) per ASME Section IX are mandatory. Special caution is needed regarding **reheat cracking susceptibility**; consulting with a materials/welding engineer is crucial. For services involving hydrogen, a detailed evaluation per **API RP 941 (Nelson Curves)** is required to confirm suitability against HTHA. Material selection and fabrication must be overseen by qualified personnel.
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ASTM A213 T12 Alloy Steel, Chromium Molybdenum Specification
Dimensions
Size：
Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <4698 mm
Size:We can customized as required
Standard：
Per your request or drawing
We can customized as required
Properties（Theoretical）
Chemical Composition
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ASTM A213 T12 Alloy Steel, Chromium Molybdenum Properties
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Applications of ASTM A213 T12 Alloy Steel Flange, Chromium Molybdenum
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Chemical Identifiers ASTM A213 T12 Alloy Steel Flange, Chromium Molybdenum
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Packing of ASTM A213 T12 Alloy Steel Flange, Chromium Molybdenum
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Standard Packing:
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Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Flange drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 1169 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition
