1,We Manufacturing processes are primarily classified into four types:
1:Forging,
2:Casting,
3:Cutting,
4:Rolling.
2,We can manufacture in accordance with these standards.
Standards:
GB Series (Chinese Standards), JB Series (Machinery Standards), HG Series (Chemical Industry Standards), ASME B16.5 (American Standards), BS4504 (British Standards), DIN (German Standards), and JIS (Japanese Standards).
Internationally, there are two primary systems of pipe flange standards: the European system, represented by the German DIN standards (including those of the former Soviet Union), and the American system, represented by the US ANSI pipe flange standards. Other common standards include: the Chinese Ministry of Machinery Industry standards (JB series), the Ministry of Chemical Industry standards (HG series), the Chinese National Standard *GB/T 9112–9124-2010 Steel Pipe Flanges*, as well as US standards (ASME B16.5), British standards (BS4504), German standards (DIN), Japanese standards (JIS), and marine standards (CBM), among others.
The nominal pressure ratings for the PN series are designated by "PN" and comprise the following nine levels: PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63, PN100, and PN160.
The nominal pressure ratings for the Class series are designated by "Class" and comprise the following six levels: Class150, Class300, Class600, Class900, Class1500, and Class2500.
Flange Classification
1. **According to Chemical Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Plate Flat Welding Flange (PL), Necked Flat Welding Flange (SO), Necked Butt Welding Flange (WN), Integral Flange (IF), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Threaded Flange (Th), Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/SE), Blind Flange (BL), Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/PJ), and Lined Blind Flange (BL(s)).
2. **According to Petrochemical (SH) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Threaded Flange (PL), Butt Welding Flange (WN), Flat Welding Flange (SO), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Loose Flange (LJ), and Blind Flange (no specific designation).
3. **According to Machinery (JB) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Integral Flange, Butt Welding Flange, Plate Flat Welding Flange, Butt Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Lap Joint Ring Plate Loose Flange, and Blind Flange.
4. **According to Connection Method/Type:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Plate Flat Welding Flange, Necked Flat Welding Flange, Necked Butt Welding Flange, Socket Welding Flange, Threaded Flange, Blind Flange, Necked Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange, Ring-Type Joint (RTJ) Flange and Blind Flange, Large-Diameter Plate Flange, Large-Diameter High-Neck Flange, Figure-8 Blind Plate, Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, etc.
5. **According to the Component Being Connected:** Flanges can be classified into Vessel Flanges and Pipe Flanges.
6. **According to Structural Type:** Flanges include Integral Flanges, Threaded Flanges, Flat Welding Flanges, Butt Welding Flanges, Lap Joint (Loose/Swivel) Flanges, and Blind Flanges.
A flange—also referred to as a flange plate or rim—is a component used to connect shafts to one another, or, more commonly, to join the ends of pipes. Flanges are also utilized at the inlet and outlet ports of equipment to facilitate connections between two devices—for instance, the flange on a speed reducer. A "flange connection" or "flanged joint" refers to a detachable joint assembly comprising three interconnected elements—a flange, a gasket, and bolts—that together form a sealed structural unit. In the context of piping systems, a "pipe flange" specifically denotes a flange used for plumbing within the installation; when applied to equipment, it refers to the inlet or outlet flange of that specific device. Flanges feature a series of holes through which bolts are inserted to securely fasten the two flanges together, while a gasket placed between the flanges ensures a leak-proof seal. Flanges are broadly categorized into three types: threaded (screw-in) flanges, welded flanges, and clamp-type flanges. Flanges are invariably used in pairs; threaded flanges are suitable for low-pressure piping applications, whereas welded flanges are required for systems operating at pressures exceeding 4 kilograms per square centimeter. A sealing gasket is inserted between the two flange plates, which are then firmly secured using bolts. The thickness of a flange—as well as the specifications of the bolts used to fasten it—vary depending on the specific pressure rating required for the application. When connecting equipment such as water pumps or valves to piping systems, the corresponding connection points on these devices are often manufactured in the shape of a matching flange; this method of attachment is also referred to as a "flange connection." Generally, any connecting component that utilizes bolts to join and seal the perimeters of two flat surfaces—such as the joints in ventilation ducts—is termed a "flange"; such components may collectively be classified as "flange-type parts." However, since such a connection often constitutes merely a *portion* of a larger device—for instance, the interface between a flange and a water pump—it would be inappropriate to classify the entire water pump itself as a "flange-type part." Conversely, smaller components—such as valves—that feature such flanged interfaces may indeed be appropriately categorized as "flange-type parts."
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ASTM A213 T22 2.25Cr-1Mo Steel Flange FOR BOILER AND HEAT EXCHANGER SEAMLESS TUBES (STBA 24) Product Information
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ASTM A213 T22 2.25Cr-1Mo Steel Flange FOR BOILER AND HEAT EXCHANGER SEAMLESS TUBES (STBA 24) Synonyms
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ASTM A213 T22 2.25Cr-1Mo STEEL FOR BOILER AND HEAT EXCHANGER SEAMLESS TUBES (STBA 24) Product Information
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## **Product Datasheet: ASTM A213 T22 / 2.25Cr-1Mo Alloy Steel Tube (STBA 24)**
**Product Overview**
ASTM A213 T22, commercially known as **2.25Cr-1Mo** steel, is a high-performance **chromium-molybdenum (Cr-Mo) low-alloy steel** specifically formulated for seamless tubes in the most demanding **high-temperature and high-pressure service**. Recognized as a workhorse alloy for advanced power generation and petrochemical processing, it offers an exceptional balance of **creep strength, oxidation resistance, microstructural stability, and resistance to hydrogen attack**. With a nominal composition of 2.25% chromium and 1% molybdenum, it provides superior performance to lower Cr-Mo grades (T11, T12) in superheater/reheater sections and refinery heater tubes. Its Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) designation is **STBA 24**.
**Key International Standards**
* **Primary Standard:** **ASTM A213 / A213M** - Standard Specification for Seamless Ferritic and Austenitic Alloy-Steel Boiler, Superheater, and Heat-Exchanger Tubes.
* **Governing Specification:** This product conforms to the requirements for **Grade T22** within ASTM A213.
* **ASME Designation:** **SA-213 T22** - The mandatory ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC) designation.
* **Commercial/Alternate Designations:**
* **2.25Cr-1Mo** (Common industry name)
* **JIS G 3462 STBA 24** (Japanese Standard for alloy steel boiler and heat exchanger tubes)
* **DIN 17175 10CrMo9-10**
* **EN 10216-2 10CrMo9-10**
* **Heat Treatment:** Supplied in the **annealed, normalized and tempered, or full-annealed** condition to ensure optimal ductility, toughness, and stability for subsequent fabrication and service.
**Chemical Composition (Weight % - ASTM A213 T22 Requirements)**
| Element | ASTM A213 T22 Requirement | Typical Range / Aim (STBA 24) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **Carbon (C)** | 0.05 - 0.15% | 0.08 - 0.12% |
| **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.30 - 0.60% | 0.40 - 0.60% |
| **Phosphorus (P)** | 0.025% max | ≤ 0.020% |
| **Sulfur (S)** | 0.025% max | ≤ 0.015% |
| **Silicon (Si)** | 0.50% max | 0.25 - 0.50% |
| **Chromium (Cr)** | **1.90 - 2.60%** | 2.00 - 2.30% |
| **Molybdenum (Mo)** | **0.87 - 1.13%** | 0.90 - 1.05% |
| **Carbon Equivalent (C.E. IIW)** | -- | Typically 0.45 - 0.55 |
**Physical & Mechanical Properties (Room Temperature)**
| Property | Requirement (ASTM A213 T22) | Typical Performance / Notes |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **Tensile Strength** | 60 ksi (415 MPa) min | 65 - 85 ksi (448 - 586 MPa) |
| **Yield Strength (0.2% Offset)** | 30 ksi (205 MPa) min | 35 - 50 ksi (241 - 345 MPa) |
| **Elongation in 2" (Min)** | 30% | 30 - 35% |
| **Hardness (Approx., HB)** | -- | ~140-190 HB |
| **Maximum Recommended Continuous Metal Temperature** | -- | **Up to ~1150°F (621°C)**. The higher Cr content provides excellent oxidation resistance, and the Mo provides superior creep strength, making it suitable for the hottest sections of fossil-fired boilers and high-severity process heaters. |
| **Key Feature** | **Optimized High-Temperature Alloy:** Represents the optimal balance of chromium (for oxidation/H₂ resistance) and molybdenum (for creep strength) in a widely used, cost-effective ferritic alloy tube, enabling efficient operation at the upper limits of steam conditions for many decades. |
**Product Applications**
ASTM A213 T22 / STBA 24 tubes are specified for the most severe high-temperature heat transfer services.
* **Superheater & Reheater Tubes:** Final-stage, highest-temperature sections in utility and industrial power boilers.
* **Process Heater Tubes:** Radiant tubes in refinery heaters (e.g., coker, crude, vacuum, reformer heaters) where resistance to high-temperature hydrogen attack (HTHA) and creep is paramount.
* **Heat Exchanger Tubes:** In high-temperature, high-pressure exchangers in petrochemical and refining services, such as hydroprocessing units.
* **Steam Piping & Headers** for high-temperature steam lines.
* **Catalytic Reformer & Hydroprocessor Piping/Transfer Lines.**
**Advantages & Fabrication Notes**
* **Demanding Welding & Heat Treatment:** Welding T22 requires the highest level of procedure control among common Cr-Mo grades due to its higher alloy content and susceptibility to reheat cracking.
* **Preheat:** Mandatory, typically **450-550°F (232-288°C)** or higher.
* **Low-Hydrogen Practice:** Essential (e.g., E9018-B3/B3L electrodes for SMAW).
* **Post-Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT):** **Always required.** Standard range is **1250-1350°F (677-732°C)**. **Extremely slow cooling (often ≤ 100°F/hr / 56°C/hr) through the 1200-800°F (649-427°C) range is critical to prevent reheat cracking.**
* **Superior HTHA and Oxidation Resistance:** The 2.25% Cr content provides excellent resistance to hydrogen attack per API RP 941 and forms a highly protective, stable oxide scale.
* **Excellent Creep Strength:** The 1% Mo content provides outstanding long-term creep rupture strength, allowing for higher design stresses at elevated temperatures.
* **Formability:** Good hot formability. Cold bending requires caution and subsequent PWHT.
* **Code Compliance:** Fully recognized in the **ASME BPVC, Section I** and **Section VIII**, with published allowable stresses up to 1150°F (621°C).
**Disclaimer:**
This datasheet provides general information on **ASTM A213 T22 (2.25Cr-1Mo) / STBA 24** alloy steel tubes. For procurement, specify the complete standard, grade (T22), and required condition. **Design must be based on ASME BPVC allowable stress values.** Welding and PWHT of T22 are specialized operations; WPS/PQR per ASME Section IX is mandatory and should be developed with expert consultation. **Reheat cracking is a major, well-documented risk;** uncontrolled cooling after PWHT can lead to catastrophic failure. For hydrogen service, a **formal HTHA assessment per API RP 941 is required**. Material selection, fabrication, and inspection must be overseen by qualified personnel with specific experience in 2.25Cr-1Mo steels. Always adhere to the tube manufacturer's recommendations and applicable construction codes.
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ASTM A213 T22 2.25Cr-1Mo STEEL FOR BOILER AND HEAT EXCHANGER SEAMLESS TUBES (STBA 24) Specification
Dimensions
Size：
Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <4704 mm
Size:We can customized as required
Standard：
Per your request or drawing
We can customized as required
Properties（Theoretical）
Chemical Composition
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ASTM A213 T22 2.25Cr-1Mo STEEL FOR BOILER AND HEAT EXCHANGER SEAMLESS TUBES (STBA 24) Properties
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Applications of ASTM A213 T22 2.25Cr-1Mo Steel Flange FOR BOILER AND HEAT EXCHANGER SEAMLESS TUBES (STBA 24)
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Chemical Identifiers ASTM A213 T22 2.25Cr-1Mo Steel Flange FOR BOILER AND HEAT EXCHANGER SEAMLESS TUBES (STBA 24)
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Packing of ASTM A213 T22 2.25Cr-1Mo Steel Flange FOR BOILER AND HEAT EXCHANGER SEAMLESS TUBES (STBA 24)
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Standard Packing:
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Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Flange drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 1175 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition
