1,We Manufacturing processes are primarily classified into four types:
1:Forging,
2:Casting,
3:Cutting,
4:Rolling.
2,We can manufacture in accordance with these standards.
Standards:
GB Series (Chinese Standards), JB Series (Machinery Standards), HG Series (Chemical Industry Standards), ASME B16.5 (American Standards), BS4504 (British Standards), DIN (German Standards), and JIS (Japanese Standards).
Internationally, there are two primary systems of pipe flange standards: the European system, represented by the German DIN standards (including those of the former Soviet Union), and the American system, represented by the US ANSI pipe flange standards. Other common standards include: the Chinese Ministry of Machinery Industry standards (JB series), the Ministry of Chemical Industry standards (HG series), the Chinese National Standard *GB/T 9112–9124-2010 Steel Pipe Flanges*, as well as US standards (ASME B16.5), British standards (BS4504), German standards (DIN), Japanese standards (JIS), and marine standards (CBM), among others.
The nominal pressure ratings for the PN series are designated by "PN" and comprise the following nine levels: PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63, PN100, and PN160.
The nominal pressure ratings for the Class series are designated by "Class" and comprise the following six levels: Class150, Class300, Class600, Class900, Class1500, and Class2500.
Flange Classification
1. **According to Chemical Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Plate Flat Welding Flange (PL), Necked Flat Welding Flange (SO), Necked Butt Welding Flange (WN), Integral Flange (IF), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Threaded Flange (Th), Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/SE), Blind Flange (BL), Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/PJ), and Lined Blind Flange (BL(s)).
2. **According to Petrochemical (SH) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Threaded Flange (PL), Butt Welding Flange (WN), Flat Welding Flange (SO), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Loose Flange (LJ), and Blind Flange (no specific designation).
3. **According to Machinery (JB) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Integral Flange, Butt Welding Flange, Plate Flat Welding Flange, Butt Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Lap Joint Ring Plate Loose Flange, and Blind Flange.
4. **According to Connection Method/Type:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Plate Flat Welding Flange, Necked Flat Welding Flange, Necked Butt Welding Flange, Socket Welding Flange, Threaded Flange, Blind Flange, Necked Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange, Ring-Type Joint (RTJ) Flange and Blind Flange, Large-Diameter Plate Flange, Large-Diameter High-Neck Flange, Figure-8 Blind Plate, Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, etc.
5. **According to the Component Being Connected:** Flanges can be classified into Vessel Flanges and Pipe Flanges.
6. **According to Structural Type:** Flanges include Integral Flanges, Threaded Flanges, Flat Welding Flanges, Butt Welding Flanges, Lap Joint (Loose/Swivel) Flanges, and Blind Flanges.
A flange—also referred to as a flange plate or rim—is a component used to connect shafts to one another, or, more commonly, to join the ends of pipes. Flanges are also utilized at the inlet and outlet ports of equipment to facilitate connections between two devices—for instance, the flange on a speed reducer. A "flange connection" or "flanged joint" refers to a detachable joint assembly comprising three interconnected elements—a flange, a gasket, and bolts—that together form a sealed structural unit. In the context of piping systems, a "pipe flange" specifically denotes a flange used for plumbing within the installation; when applied to equipment, it refers to the inlet or outlet flange of that specific device. Flanges feature a series of holes through which bolts are inserted to securely fasten the two flanges together, while a gasket placed between the flanges ensures a leak-proof seal. Flanges are broadly categorized into three types: threaded (screw-in) flanges, welded flanges, and clamp-type flanges. Flanges are invariably used in pairs; threaded flanges are suitable for low-pressure piping applications, whereas welded flanges are required for systems operating at pressures exceeding 4 kilograms per square centimeter. A sealing gasket is inserted between the two flange plates, which are then firmly secured using bolts. The thickness of a flange—as well as the specifications of the bolts used to fasten it—vary depending on the specific pressure rating required for the application. When connecting equipment such as water pumps or valves to piping systems, the corresponding connection points on these devices are often manufactured in the shape of a matching flange; this method of attachment is also referred to as a "flange connection." Generally, any connecting component that utilizes bolts to join and seal the perimeters of two flat surfaces—such as the joints in ventilation ducts—is termed a "flange"; such components may collectively be classified as "flange-type parts." However, since such a connection often constitutes merely a *portion* of a larger device—for instance, the interface between a flange and a water pump—it would be inappropriate to classify the entire water pump itself as a "flange-type part." Conversely, smaller components—such as valves—that feature such flanged interfaces may indeed be appropriately categorized as "flange-type parts."
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AISI 1078 Steel Flange, Hot Rolled Bar (UNS G10780) Product Information
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AISI 1078 Steel Flange, Hot Rolled Bar (UNS G10780) Synonyms
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AISI 1078 Steel, Hot Rolled Bar (UNS G10780) Product Information
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### **Product Data Sheet: AISI 1078 Steel, Hot-Rolled Bar (UNS G10780)**
#### **1. Overview**
AISI 1078 (UNS G10780) is a premium high-carbon, non-alloy steel supplied in the hot-rolled bar form. Characterized by its very high carbon content, it is a foundational material engineered for applications demanding **ultimate strength, hardness, and wear resistance after heat treatment**. In its as-rolled condition, it provides a cost-effective and readily machinable or forgeable starting point with inherent moderate strength. AISI 1078 is distinguished from lower-carbon grades by its exceptional capacity for deep hardening and achieving the highest levels of hardness in the quenched and tempered state, making it a preferred choice for heavy-duty tools, springs, and critical wear components.
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#### **2. Chemical Composition (AISI/SAE Standard)**
The precise chemistry is the source of its superior performance.
| Element | Content (%) |
| :--- | :--- |
| **Carbon (C)** | **0.72 - 0.85** |
| **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.60 - 0.90 |
| **Phosphorus (P)** | ≤ 0.040 |
| **Sulfur (S)** | ≤ 0.050 |
| **Silicon (Si)** | 0.15 - 0.35 |
| **Iron (Fe)** | Balance |
**Key Distinction:** The carbon range (0.72-0.85%) positions AISI 1078 at the upper end of standard high-carbon steels, providing maximum hardenability and final hardness potential among commonly available grades like 1060, 1065, and 1070.
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#### **3. Typical Physical & Mechanical Properties (As-Hot Rolled)**
*Properties are for the "black," mill-scaled, as-rolled condition prior to any further processing.*
| Property | Typical Value / Description |
| :--- | :--- |
| **Condition** | Hot-Rolled (Pearlitic Microstructure) |
| **Density** | 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³) |
| **Modulus of Elasticity** | 190-210 GPa (27.5-30.5 x 10⁶ psi) |
| **Tensile Strength** | **650 - 800 MPa (94 - 116 ksi)** |
| **Yield Strength (0.2% Offset)** | **370 - 450 MPa (54 - 65 ksi)** |
| **Elongation (in 50mm)** | **~ 10 - 12%** |
| **Reduction in Area** | **~ 25 - 30%** |
| **Hardness** | **200 - 245 HB** (Brinell) |
| **Machinability** | **Fair (~50% of AISI 1212).** Acceptable for roughing operations. Machinability improves significantly if the material is normalized or annealed. |
| **Surface Finish** | Standard hot-rolled finish with adherent mill scale. |
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#### **4. Key Characteristics & Heat Treatment Response**
* **Exceptional Hardenability:** The primary advantage. AISI 1078 achieves deeper and more uniform hardness upon quenching compared to lower-carbon steels. It can be hardened to **60-65 HRC**, providing exceptional wear and abrasion resistance.
* **High Strength & Elastic Limit:** After proper quenching and tempering (e.g., to a spring temper of ~45-52 HRC), it develops a very high yield strength and elastic limit, making it an outstanding spring material.
* **Moderate As-Rolled Ductility:** Provides sufficient formability for straightening, bending, or forging at elevated temperatures.
* **Poor Weldability:** **Not recommended for welding.** The high carbon content creates a high susceptibility to heat-affected zone (HAZ) cracking, martensite formation, and loss of toughness. If welding is unavoidable, it requires stringent procedures: high preheat (400-450°C / 750-850°F), post-weld heat treatment, and use of low-hydrogen electrodes.
* **Final Properties are Heat-Treatment Dependent:** The as-rolled state is a precursor; the steel's full potential is unlocked only through controlled austenitizing, quenching, and tempering.
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#### **5. Primary Product Applications**
AISI 1078 hot-rolled bar is the material of choice for manufacturing the most demanding high-strength and wear-resistant components.
* **Heavy-Duty Springs:** The premier application for high-stress springs: **heavy truck and railway leaf springs, large coil springs, torsion bars.**
* **Forging Stock:** Ideal feedstock for closed-die forging of high-strength tools and parts: **wrenches, crowbars, hooks, agricultural tool blanks (plow shares, cultivator shovels).**
* **Cutting Tools & Blades:** Used for **industrial shear blades, knives, mower and cutter bars** where maximum edge retention is required.
* **Wear Parts & Shafts:** Components subjected to severe abrasion: **axles, rollers, mill pins, chain links, scraper blades, grader edges.**
* **Hand Tools & Tooling:** **Chisels, punches, impact tools, and die components** that require extreme hardness.
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#### **6. Relevant International & Industry Standards**
This product conforms to major international specifications for hot-rolled carbon steel bars.
| Standard System | Standard Designation | Title / Scope |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **AISI / SAE / UNS (USA)** | **1078, SAE J403, UNS G10780** | Standard Grade Designation |
| **ASTM (USA)** | **ASTM A29/A29M** | Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought |
| **ASTM (USA)** | **ASTM A576** | Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought, Special Quality (Grade 1078) |
| **ASTM (USA)** | **ASTM A689** | Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Bars for Springs |
| **DIN / EN (Germany/EU)** | **1.1231 / C75W2** | EN 10083-2: Steels for quenching and tempering. The most common direct equivalent. |
| **JIS (Japan)** | **SWRH77A / SWRH77B** | High Carbon Steel Wire Rods (similar composition). For springs: **SUP3, SUP4** (JIS G4801). |
| **GB (China)** | **75# / 80#** | Quality Carbon Structural Steel (GB/T 699). **65Mn** is a commonly specified spring steel alternative. |
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### **Manufacturing & Processing Note**
The standard workflow for using AISI 1078 hot-rolled bar is:
1. **Forming:** The component is shaped via **forging, hot bending, or machining** from the as-rolled bar.
2. **Heat Treatment (Mandatory for Service Performance):**
* **Austenitizing:** Heat to ~790-815°C (1450-1500°F).
* **Quenching:** Rapidly cool in **oil** (for complex shapes to minimize distortion/cracking) or **water** (for maximum hardness on simple shapes).
* **Tempering:** **Immediately** reheat to a specific temperature (e.g., 200-500°C / 400-930°F) to relieve stresses, increase toughness, and achieve the exact hardness required.
3. **Finishing:** Final grinding or polishing may be performed.
**Summary:** AISI 1078 (UNS G10780) hot-rolled bar is the quintessential high-carbon steel for extreme performance applications. It is selected when the design criteria call for the maximum attainable hardness, strength, and wear resistance from a standard, non-alloy steel. Its value lies in its transformational potential through skilled heat treatment, making it a cornerstone material for the tooling, heavy vehicle, and agricultural equipment industries.
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AISI 1078 Steel, Hot Rolled Bar (UNS G10780) Specification
Dimensions
Size：
Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <4869 mm
Size:We can customized as required
Standard：
Per your request or drawing
We can customized as required
Properties（Theoretical）
Chemical Composition
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AISI 1078 Steel, Hot Rolled Bar (UNS G10780) Properties
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Applications of AISI 1078 Steel Flange, Hot Rolled Bar (UNS G10780)
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Chemical Identifiers AISI 1078 Steel Flange, Hot Rolled Bar (UNS G10780)
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Packing of AISI 1078 Steel Flange, Hot Rolled Bar (UNS G10780)
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Standard Packing:
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Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Flange drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 1340 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition
