Crucible Steel Flange,CPM® Rex® 45® (HS) High Speed Steel Flange

1,We Manufacturing processes are primarily classified into four types: 1:Forging, 2:Casting, 3:Cutting, 4:Rolling. 2,We can manufacture in accordance with these standards. Standards: GB Series (Chinese Standards), JB Series (Machinery Standards), HG Series (Chemical Industry Standards), ASME B16.5 (American Standards), BS4504 (British Standards), DIN (German Standards), and JIS (Japanese Standards). Internationally, there are two primary systems of pipe flange standards: the European system, represented by the German DIN standards (including those of the former Soviet Union), and the American system, represented by the US ANSI pipe flange standards. Other common standards include: the Chinese Ministry of Machinery Industry standards (JB series), the Ministry of Chemical Industry standards (HG series), the Chinese National Standard *GB/T 9112–9124-2010 Steel Pipe Flanges*, as well as US standards (ASME B16.5), British standards (BS4504), German standards (DIN), Japanese standards (JIS), and marine standards (CBM), among others. The nominal pressure ratings for the PN series are designated by "PN" and comprise the following nine levels: PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63, PN100, and PN160. The nominal pressure ratings for the Class series are designated by "Class" and comprise the following six levels: Class150, Class300, Class600, Class900, Class1500, and Class2500. Flange Classification 1. **According to Chemical Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange (PL), Necked Flat Welding Flange (SO), Necked Butt Welding Flange (WN), Integral Flange (IF), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Threaded Flange (Th), Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/SE), Blind Flange (BL), Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/PJ), and Lined Blind Flange (BL(s)). 2. **According to Petrochemical (SH) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Threaded Flange (PL), Butt Welding Flange (WN), Flat Welding Flange (SO), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Loose Flange (LJ), and Blind Flange (no specific designation). 3. **According to Machinery (JB) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Integral Flange, Butt Welding Flange, Plate Flat Welding Flange, Butt Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Lap Joint Ring Plate Loose Flange, and Blind Flange. 4. **According to Connection Method/Type:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange, Necked Flat Welding Flange, Necked Butt Welding Flange, Socket Welding Flange, Threaded Flange, Blind Flange, Necked Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange, Ring-Type Joint (RTJ) Flange and Blind Flange, Large-Diameter Plate Flange, Large-Diameter High-Neck Flange, Figure-8 Blind Plate, Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, etc. 5. **According to the Component Being Connected:** Flanges can be classified into Vessel Flanges and Pipe Flanges. 6. **According to Structural Type:** Flanges include Integral Flanges, Threaded Flanges, Flat Welding Flanges, Butt Welding Flanges, Lap Joint (Loose/Swivel) Flanges, and Blind Flanges. A flange—also referred to as a flange plate or rim—is a component used to connect shafts to one another, or, more commonly, to join the ends of pipes. Flanges are also utilized at the inlet and outlet ports of equipment to facilitate connections between two devices—for instance, the flange on a speed reducer. A "flange connection" or "flanged joint" refers to a detachable joint assembly comprising three interconnected elements—a flange, a gasket, and bolts—that together form a sealed structural unit. In the context of piping systems, a "pipe flange" specifically denotes a flange used for plumbing within the installation; when applied to equipment, it refers to the inlet or outlet flange of that specific device. Flanges feature a series of holes through which bolts are inserted to securely fasten the two flanges together, while a gasket placed between the flanges ensures a leak-proof seal. Flanges are broadly categorized into three types: threaded (screw-in) flanges, welded flanges, and clamp-type flanges. Flanges are invariably used in pairs; threaded flanges are suitable for low-pressure piping applications, whereas welded flanges are required for systems operating at pressures exceeding 4 kilograms per square centimeter. A sealing gasket is inserted between the two flange plates, which are then firmly secured using bolts. The thickness of a flange—as well as the specifications of the bolts used to fasten it—vary depending on the specific pressure rating required for the application. When connecting equipment such as water pumps or valves to piping systems, the corresponding connection points on these devices are often manufactured in the shape of a matching flange; this method of attachment is also referred to as a "flange connection." Generally, any connecting component that utilizes bolts to join and seal the perimeters of two flat surfaces—such as the joints in ventilation ducts—is termed a "flange"; such components may collectively be classified as "flange-type parts." However, since such a connection often constitutes merely a *portion* of a larger device—for instance, the interface between a flange and a water pump—it would be inappropriate to classify the entire water pump itself as a "flange-type part." Conversely, smaller components—such as valves—that feature such flanged interfaces may indeed be appropriately categorized as "flange-type parts." -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Crucible Steel Flange CPM® Rex® 45® (HS) High Speed Steel Flange Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Crucible Steel Flange CPM® Rex® 45® (HS) High Speed Steel Flange Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Crucible Steel CPM® Rex® 45® (HS) High Speed Steel Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **Technical Datasheet: Crucible Steel CPM® Rex® 45® (HS) High Speed Steel** --- ## **1. Product Overview** **Crucible CPM® Rex® 45®** is a premium-grade, **powder metallurgy (PM), intermediate-cobalt high-speed steel (HSS)** engineered to deliver an **optimal balance of high hot hardness, good wear resistance, and superior toughness** within the cobalt-bearing HSS family. As part of Crucible's "Rex" series, it strategically positions itself between lower-cobalt grades (like M35) and ultra-high-cobalt grades (like M42 or Rex® 20®), offering a versatile performance profile for demanding but not extreme machining applications. The "45" designation references its approximate cobalt content, distinguishing it within the product line. Manufactured via the CPM process, it features a **refined, homogeneous microstructure** that eliminates the carbide segregation and inconsistent performance of conventional wrought cobalt HSS. This steel is designed for **high-productivity machining of tough materials** where both thermal softening and abrasive wear are concerns, providing a reliable and cost-effective alternative to more brittle, higher-cobalt alloys. --- ## **2. Key International Standards & Designations** | Country/System | Standard Designation | Equivalent/Closest Specification | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **USA (Crucible)** | **CPM® Rex® 45®** | Proprietary PM Cobalt HSS | | **USA (AISI/SAE)** | **- -** | Similar in concept to M35/M36, but proprietary | | **USA (ASTM)** | **ASTM A600** | Custom PM Grade | | **ISO** | **ISO 4957:2018** | **HS7-5-2-5 / HS6-5-3-8** (Approximate range) | | **Europe (EN)** | **EN ISO 4957** | **1.3243** (S 6-5-3-8) or similar | | **Germany (DIN/W-Nr.)** | **1.3243 / 1.3246** | S 6-5-3-8 / S 7-5-2-5 | | **Japan (JIS)** | **- -** | Proprietary composition | | **Common Industry Names** | Medium-Cobalt HSS, Balanced Cobalt HSS | - | **Note:** CPM Rex 45 is a proprietary alloy. Its performance bridges the gap between **AISI M35 (5% Co)** and **M42 (8% Co)**, but with the enhanced consistency and grindability of the PM process. --- ## **3. Chemical Composition (Typical %)** The composition is carefully balanced to provide a synergistic blend of hot hardness (from Co, W, Mo), wear resistance (from V, C), and toughness (controlled by C and refined microstructure). | Element | Weight % (Typical) | Metallurgical Function & Rationale | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Carbon (C)** | 1.25 - 1.35 | Optimized to provide high matrix hardness and support carbide formation without excessively compromising toughness. | | **Tungsten (W)** | 6.00 - 7.00 | Contributes significantly to **hot hardness** and wear resistance via solid solution strengthening and tungsten carbide formation. | | **Molybdenum (Mo)** | 4.50 - 5.50 | Primary driver for hardenability; refines grain structure and enhances toughness and secondary hardening response. More efficient than W. | | **Chromium (Cr)** | 3.75 - 4.50 | Ensures deep hardenability and provides oxidation/wear resistance through chromium carbide formation. | | **Vanadium (V)** | 2.75 - 3.25 | **Key for wear resistance.** Forms hard, fine **vanadium carbides (MC type)**. This level provides excellent abrasion resistance while maintaining reasonable grindability. | | **Cobalt (Co)** | **4.50 - 5.50** | **Core identity element.** Significantly increases **matrix hot hardness and tempering resistance** by retarding the coarsening of other alloy carbides at high temperatures. Provides a substantial boost over non-cobalt HSS without the full cost/toughness penalty of 8%+ Co grades. | | **Silicon (Si), Manganese (Mn)** | < 0.50 | Standard deoxidizers and strengtheners. | **Key Microstructural Advantages of CPM Process:** - **Homogeneous Cobalt Distribution:** Eliminates soft spots common in wrought cobalt steels. - **Fine, Uniform Carbides:** Vanadium and other carbides are small and evenly dispersed, leading to better edge strength, grindability, and polishability than wrought equivalents. - **Isotropic Properties:** Predictable performance in complex tools like drills and end mills. --- ## **4. Physical & Mechanical Properties** ### **4.1 Standard Heat Treatment** * **Annealing:** Heat to 850-870°C (1560-1600°F), slow cool. Annealed hardness: **~240-260 HB**. * **Preheating:** **Mandatory.** Double preheat at 650°C (1200°F) and 850°C (1560°F). * **Austenitizing:** **1180-1210°C (2155-2210°F).** Precise temperature control (±5°C) is required. Vacuum or salt bath furnace recommended. * **Quenching:** **Oil, salt bath, or high-pressure gas quench.** * **Tempering:** **Triple tempering is mandatory.** Temper at **540-570°C (1000-1060°F)** for 2+ hours each. **Cryogenic treatment** between quenching and first temper is highly beneficial. * **Expected Hardness:** **66-68 HRC.** ### **4.2 Mechanical Properties (Hardened & Triple Tempered)** | Property | Value / Rating (Typical) | Performance Context & Advantage | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Hardness** | **66 - 68 HRC** | Very high hardness, enabling sharp, durable cutting edges. | | **Hot Hardness (Red-Hardness)** | **Excellent** | **Primary advantage over non-cobalt HSS.** Retains ~60-62 HRC at 600°C (1112°F). Superior to M2/M4, competitive with higher-cobalt grades. | | **Abrasive Wear Resistance** | **Excellent** | The combination of high hardness and ~3% Vanadium provides very good resistance to flank and crater wear. | | **Transverse Rupture Strength (TRS)** | **3,400 - 4,000 MPa** | **Very Good.** The moderate cobalt level and PM structure preserve better toughness than higher-cobalt grades (M42, Rex 20). | | **Impact Toughness** | **Good (for Cobalt HSS)** | Offers the best toughness among commercially significant cobalt-bearing HSS grades, making it more forgiving in interrupted cuts. | | **Grindability** | **Good** | **A major advantage over wrought cobalt HSS.** The fine PM carbides and controlled vanadium content make it significantly easier to grind than conventional M35/M36. | | **Tempering Resistance** | **Excellent** | Resists softening during use and during multiple regrinding cycles. | ### **4.3 Physical Properties (Approximate)** * Density: ~8.15 g/cm³ * Thermal Conductivity: ~24 W/m·K * Coefficient of Thermal Expansion: 11.3 x 10⁻⁶/K * Modulus of Elasticity: 220 GPa --- ## **5. Typical Product Applications** CPM Rex 45 is an excellent **all-rounder for demanding machining applications** where a balance of properties is more valuable than a single extreme characteristic. * **High-Performance Cutting Tools:** * **End Mills & Drills:** For **machining stainless steels (300 series, 17-4PH), alloy steels, tool steels, and moderately abrasive materials.** Ideal for **stainless steel** machining. * **Gear Hobs & Shaper Cutters:** For gear manufacturing in tough, common engineering materials. * **Broaches, Reamers, & Form Tools:** Requiring a blend of wear life and edge strength. * **Inserts & Tool Bits:** For turning applications with moderate to high cutting speeds. * **Cold Work Tooling:** For forming and punching applications requiring high hardness and good wear resistance with some shock tolerance. --- ## **6. Processing & Manufacturing Guidelines** * **Machinability (Annealed):** **Poor.** Requires rigid setups and premium carbide or CBN tooling. The uniform hardness of annealed PM steel is challenging. * **Grindability:** **Good.** One of its standout features. **CBN or aluminum oxide wheels** work well. The PM structure reduces wheel wear and allows better surface finishes than wrought grades. * **EDM Machining:** Excellent and commonly used. Provides good accuracy and surface integrity. A low-temperature stress relief after EDM is recommended. * **Surface Treatments/Coatings:** An excellent substrate for **PVD coatings (TiAlN, AlCrN)**. The high, stable base hardness and good surface finish allow coatings to adhere well and perform effectively. --- ## **7. Comparative Performance & Selection Notes** | Criterion | **CPM Rex 45** | **CPM M4** | **Wrought M35/M36** | **CPM Rex 20 (M42-type)** | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Cobalt Content** | **~5%** | 0% | ~5% | **~8-10%** | | **Hot Hardness** | **Excellent** | Excellent | Good | **Exceptional** | | **Wear Resistance** | Excellent | **Excellent** | Good | Very Good | | **Toughness** | **Best (Cobalt HSS)** | Very Good | Fair | Fair | | **Grindability** | **Good** | Good | Poor | Fair | | **Cost** | High | Moderate-High | Moderate | Very High | | **Ideal For** | **Balanced Performance: Stainless, Alloy Steels** | **Abrasive Wear** | General Cobalt HSS Apps (less consistent) | **Extreme Heat: Superalloys** | **When to Choose CPM Rex 45:** 1. You need **superior hot hardness and wear resistance over M2/M4** but cannot afford the **toughness penalty or cost of M42/Rex 20**. 2. **Stainless steel machining** is a primary application – its balance is often ideal for this material family. 3. **Interrupted cuts or less-than-ideal rigidity** are present, requiring better toughness than higher-cobalt grades offer. 4. You value **superior grindability and consistency** over conventional wrought cobalt HSS (M35). --- ## **8. Conclusion** **Crucible CPM® Rex® 45® represents the intelligent optimization of cobalt high-speed steel, offering the most practical and widely applicable balance in its class.** It successfully captures the **key benefits of cobalt—notably enhanced hot hardness and tempering resistance—while mitigating its traditional drawbacks of poor toughness and difficult grindability** through advanced powder metallurgy. This makes Rex 45 the **premier choice for a vast range of high-productivity machining applications** on common but demanding materials like stainless steels, alloy steels, and die steels. It provides a **significant step up in performance from standard M2/M4 types** for situations where heat generation limits productivity, without forcing a leap to the more specialized and brittle ultra-high-cobalt steels. For tool manufacturers and metalworking operations seeking a **reliable, high-performance, and manufacturable HSS grade** that delivers consistent results, extended tool life, and greater machining flexibility, **CPM Rex 45 stands out as an exceptionally well-rounded and high-value engineering solution.** --- -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Crucible Steel CPM® Rex® 45® (HS) High Speed Steel Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <5234 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Crucible Steel CPM® Rex® 45® (HS) High Speed Steel Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of Crucible Steel Flange CPM® Rex® 45® (HS) High Speed Steel Flange -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers Crucible Steel Flange CPM® Rex® 45® (HS) High Speed Steel Flange -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of Crucible Steel Flange CPM® Rex® 45® (HS) High Speed Steel Flange -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Flange drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 1705 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition