Crucible Steel Flange,CPM® Rex® 76®(HS), AISI M48 High Speed Steel Flange Rex® 76®(HS)

1,We Manufacturing processes are primarily classified into four types: 1:Forging, 2:Casting, 3:Cutting, 4:Rolling. 2,We can manufacture in accordance with these standards. Standards: GB Series (Chinese Standards), JB Series (Machinery Standards), HG Series (Chemical Industry Standards), ASME B16.5 (American Standards), BS4504 (British Standards), DIN (German Standards), and JIS (Japanese Standards). Internationally, there are two primary systems of pipe flange standards: the European system, represented by the German DIN standards (including those of the former Soviet Union), and the American system, represented by the US ANSI pipe flange standards. Other common standards include: the Chinese Ministry of Machinery Industry standards (JB series), the Ministry of Chemical Industry standards (HG series), the Chinese National Standard *GB/T 9112–9124-2010 Steel Pipe Flanges*, as well as US standards (ASME B16.5), British standards (BS4504), German standards (DIN), Japanese standards (JIS), and marine standards (CBM), among others. The nominal pressure ratings for the PN series are designated by "PN" and comprise the following nine levels: PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63, PN100, and PN160. The nominal pressure ratings for the Class series are designated by "Class" and comprise the following six levels: Class150, Class300, Class600, Class900, Class1500, and Class2500. Flange Classification 1. **According to Chemical Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange (PL), Necked Flat Welding Flange (SO), Necked Butt Welding Flange (WN), Integral Flange (IF), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Threaded Flange (Th), Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/SE), Blind Flange (BL), Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/PJ), and Lined Blind Flange (BL(s)). 2. **According to Petrochemical (SH) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Threaded Flange (PL), Butt Welding Flange (WN), Flat Welding Flange (SO), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Loose Flange (LJ), and Blind Flange (no specific designation). 3. **According to Machinery (JB) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Integral Flange, Butt Welding Flange, Plate Flat Welding Flange, Butt Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Lap Joint Ring Plate Loose Flange, and Blind Flange. 4. **According to Connection Method/Type:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange, Necked Flat Welding Flange, Necked Butt Welding Flange, Socket Welding Flange, Threaded Flange, Blind Flange, Necked Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange, Ring-Type Joint (RTJ) Flange and Blind Flange, Large-Diameter Plate Flange, Large-Diameter High-Neck Flange, Figure-8 Blind Plate, Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, etc. 5. **According to the Component Being Connected:** Flanges can be classified into Vessel Flanges and Pipe Flanges. 6. **According to Structural Type:** Flanges include Integral Flanges, Threaded Flanges, Flat Welding Flanges, Butt Welding Flanges, Lap Joint (Loose/Swivel) Flanges, and Blind Flanges. A flange—also referred to as a flange plate or rim—is a component used to connect shafts to one another, or, more commonly, to join the ends of pipes. Flanges are also utilized at the inlet and outlet ports of equipment to facilitate connections between two devices—for instance, the flange on a speed reducer. A "flange connection" or "flanged joint" refers to a detachable joint assembly comprising three interconnected elements—a flange, a gasket, and bolts—that together form a sealed structural unit. In the context of piping systems, a "pipe flange" specifically denotes a flange used for plumbing within the installation; when applied to equipment, it refers to the inlet or outlet flange of that specific device. Flanges feature a series of holes through which bolts are inserted to securely fasten the two flanges together, while a gasket placed between the flanges ensures a leak-proof seal. Flanges are broadly categorized into three types: threaded (screw-in) flanges, welded flanges, and clamp-type flanges. Flanges are invariably used in pairs; threaded flanges are suitable for low-pressure piping applications, whereas welded flanges are required for systems operating at pressures exceeding 4 kilograms per square centimeter. A sealing gasket is inserted between the two flange plates, which are then firmly secured using bolts. The thickness of a flange—as well as the specifications of the bolts used to fasten it—vary depending on the specific pressure rating required for the application. When connecting equipment such as water pumps or valves to piping systems, the corresponding connection points on these devices are often manufactured in the shape of a matching flange; this method of attachment is also referred to as a "flange connection." Generally, any connecting component that utilizes bolts to join and seal the perimeters of two flat surfaces—such as the joints in ventilation ducts—is termed a "flange"; such components may collectively be classified as "flange-type parts." However, since such a connection often constitutes merely a *portion* of a larger device—for instance, the interface between a flange and a water pump—it would be inappropriate to classify the entire water pump itself as a "flange-type part." Conversely, smaller components—such as valves—that feature such flanged interfaces may indeed be appropriately categorized as "flange-type parts." -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Crucible Steel Flange CPM® Rex® 76®(HS), AISI M48 High Speed Steel Flange Rex® 76®(HS) Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Crucible Steel Flange CPM® Rex® 76®(HS), AISI M48 High Speed Steel Flange Rex® 76®(HS) Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Crucible Steel CPM® Rex® 76®(HS), AISI M48 High Speed Steel Rex® 76®(HS) Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **Technical Datasheet: Crucible Steel CPM® Rex® 76®(HS) (AISI M48-type)** --- ## **1. Product Overview** **Crucible CPM® Rex® 76®(HS)** is an ultra-premium **powder metallurgy (PM), super high-cobalt, ultra-high-speed steel (UHS)** engineered as the pinnacle of hot hardness in the high-speed steel family. While conceptually aligned with **AISI M48-type** chemistry, Rex® 76® represents a proprietary formulation optimized through advanced PM processing to deliver **maximum red-hardness, extreme cutting edge stability, and superior grindability** compared to conventional wrought super high-speed steels. This material is designed for the **most extreme high-temperature machining applications** where conventional cobalt HSS grades (M42, M48) reach their thermal limits. With cobalt content exceeding 10%, it offers **exceptional resistance to thermal softening**, enabling productive machining of modern heat-resistant superalloys, hardened steels, and abrasive composites under aggressive cutting conditions where heat generation is intense. --- ## **2. Key International Standards & Designations** | Country/System | Standard Designation | Equivalent/Closest Specification | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **USA (Crucible)** | **CPM® Rex® 76®(HS)** | Proprietary PM Super Cobalt UHS | | **USA (AISI/SAE)** | **- -** | Performance exceeds AISI M48 specification | | **USA (ASTM)** | **ASTM A600** | Custom PM Grade | | **ISO** | **ISO 4957:2018** | **HS10-?-?-? / Custom** (Beyond standard range) | | **Europe (EN)** | **- -** | Proprietary composition | | **Common Industry Names** | Ultra-Cobalt HSS, Super Red-Hardness Steel | - | | **Performance Class** | **Ultra-High-Speed Steel (UHS)** | - | **Note:** CPM Rex 76 is a proprietary alloy that occupies the performance tier of AISI M48 but with enhanced consistency and manufacturability from PM processing. It represents the extreme end of commercially available cobalt-bearing high-speed steels. --- ## **3. Chemical Composition (Typical %)** The composition is aggressively balanced to maximize hot hardness through synergistic high cobalt, carbon, and tungsten alloying. | Element | Weight % (Typical) | Metallurgical Function & Rationale | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Carbon (C)** | **1.45 - 1.60** | Ultra-high carbon ensures maximum matrix carbon saturation and supports extensive secondary carbide formation during tempering, contributing directly to hot hardness and wear resistance. | | **Tungsten (W)** | **9.50 - 10.50** | Very high tungsten content provides exceptional **solid solution strengthening** and forms thermally stable tungsten-rich carbides, the primary foundation for red-hardness. | | **Molybdenum (Mo)** | 3.20 - 4.20 | Works synergistically with tungsten to enhance hardenability and secondary hardening response while refining grain structure. | | **Chromium (Cr)** | 3.50 - 4.50 | Provides essential hardenability and improves oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures. | | **Vanadium (V)** | 2.80 - 3.40 | Provides critical wear resistance through vanadium carbide (VC) formation. Level is optimized to balance extreme wear needs with practical grindability. | | **Cobalt (Co)** | **10.50 - 11.50** | **The defining performance element.** This ultra-high cobalt content dramatically increases the matrix's **tempering resistance and hot hardness** by raising the alloy's "red-hardness" threshold to its practical maximum for steel-based tools. | | **Silicon (Si), Manganese (Mn)** | < 0.50 | Standard additions. | **Key Microstructural Advantages of PM Processing:** - **Cobalt Homogeneity:** Eliminates cobalt segregation bands common in wrought ultra-high-cobalt steels, ensuring uniform thermal properties. - **Refined Carbide Structure:** Fine, spherical carbides (2-4 µm) resist coarsening at high temperatures and improve grindability. - **Isotropic Thermal Behavior:** Predictable performance in complex tool geometries under thermal cycling. --- ## **4. Physical & Mechanical Properties** ### **4.1 Standard Heat Treatment** * **Annealing:** Heat to 870-900°C (1600-1650°F), slow cool. Annealed hardness: **~290-320 HB**. * **Preheating:** **Critical.** Triple preheat at 550°C, 800°C, and 1000°C is strongly recommended. * **Austenitizing:** **1220-1250°C (2230-2280°F).** Extremely high temperature required for solutionizing. **Precision control (±3°C) is mandatory.** Vacuum furnace required. * **Quenching:** **High-pressure gas quench (6+ bar) or salt bath.** * **Tempering:** **Triple or quadruple tempering is mandatory.** Temper at **550-590°C (1020-1095°F)** for 2+ hours each. **Deep cryogenic treatment (-120°C/-184°F minimum)** is essential. * **Expected Hardness:** **69-71 HRC** (can achieve 70-72 HRC with optimal processing). ### **4.2 Mechanical Properties (Hardened & Tempered)** | Property | Value / Rating (Typical) | Performance Context | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Hardness** | **69 - 71 HRC** | **Extreme base hardness** for any HSS, enabling geometrically stable, sharp cutting edges. | | **Hot Hardness (600°C/1112°F)** | **~65-67 HRC** | **Exceptional / Best-in-Class (HSS).** Maintains functional cutting hardness at temperatures where most HSS has softened dramatically. | | **Abrasive Wear Resistance** | **Excellent** | Very good due to high hardness and vanadium content, though optimized for heat resistance over pure abrasion. | | **Transverse Rupture Strength (TRS)** | **2,400 - 3,000 MPa** | **Moderate to Low.** Ultra-high cobalt and carbon reduce toughness; tools must be designed for continuous, stable cuts. | | **Compressive Strength** | **~ 3,600 - 4,200 MPa** | Outstanding, suitable for very high-pressure cutting operations. | | **Thermal Fatigue Resistance** | **Excellent** | Resists cracking from repeated thermal shocks in intermittent cutting better than ceramics or carbide. | | **Grindability** | **Fair to Poor** | Challenging. **CBN grinding is mandatory.** The PM structure provides better grindability than equivalent wrought grades. | ### **4.3 Physical Properties (Approximate)** * Density: ~8.45 g/cm³ * Thermal Conductivity: ~27 W/m·K (Higher than standard HSS due to high Co) * Coefficient of Thermal Expansion: 10.8 x 10⁻⁶/K * Modulus of Elasticity: 225-230 GPa --- ## **5. Typical Product Applications** CPM Rex 76 is reserved for **extreme-condition machining** where thermal loading dictates tool failure. * **Ultra-High-Speed & High-Temperature Cutting:** * **Drills & End Mills:** For **dry, high-speed machining of nickel-based superalloys (Inconel 718, 738, Rene 88DT), cobalt alloys (Haynes 188, Stellite), and hardened steels (58+ HRC).** * **Gear Hobs & Shaper Cutters:** For machining high-strength, heat-resistant aerospace gear materials. * **Broaches & Reamers:** For precision finishing of superalloy components where heat buildup is intense. * **Turning & Milling Inserts:** For operations where HSS geometry is preferred over carbide inserts. * **Specialized Wear Components:** Requiring exceptional hardness retention at sustained temperatures up to 600°C (1110°F). --- ## **6. Processing & Manufacturing Guidelines** * **Machinability (Annealed):** **Extremely Poor.** The annealed material is very hard and abrasive. **EDM is the primary shaping method** for finished tool geometries. * **Grindability:** **Fair to Poor.** **CBN wheels are essential.** Requires rigid, high-precision grinding machines with excellent coolant delivery. Diamond grinding may be used for finishing. * **EDM Machining:** **The preferred manufacturing method.** Provides excellent dimensional control. A post-EDM stress relief temper at 150-180°C is critical. * **Surface Treatments/Coatings:** An **exceptional substrate for advanced PVD coatings (AlTiN, AlCrN, AlTiSiN)**. The extreme and stable base hardness allows coatings to perform optimally under severe thermal loads. --- ## **7. Comparative Performance & Selection Notes** | Criterion | **CPM Rex 76** | **CPM Rex 54/T15** | **Wrought M48** | **Whisker-Reinforced Ceramic** | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Hot Hardness (600°C)** | **~65-67 HRC** | ~63-65 HRC | ~62-64 HRC | **Hardness retained** | | **Room Temp Hardness** | **69-71 HRC** | 68-70 HRC | 68-70 HRC | 92-94 HRA | | **Toughness** | **Low** | Low | **Very Low** | **Very Low** | | **Thermal Conductivity** | Higher | Moderate | Moderate | Low | | **Grindability** | Fair (PM) | Fair (PM) | **Very Poor** | N/A | | **Optimal Application** | **Maximum HSS Heat Resistance** | High Heat + Wear | Theoretical Max Heat | **Extreme Speed, Continuous Cut** | **When to Choose CPM Rex 76:** 1. Machining **next-generation superalloys** where cutting zone temperatures exceed the capacity of M42/M48-type steels. 2. **Maximum possible cutting speeds with HSS tools** are required for productivity gains. 3. **Dry or near-dry machining** of difficult materials where coolant cannot effectively control tool-tip temperature. 4. It serves as a **high-performance, tough alternative to ceramic** in applications where ceramics suffer from thermal shock or brittleness. **Critical Considerations:** - **Low toughness:** Requires extremely stable machining conditions, rigid tooling, and continuous cuts. - **Very high cost:** Material, heat treatment, and grinding costs are substantial. - **Expert processing required:** Demands state-of-the-art heat treatment and grinding capabilities. --- ## **8. Conclusion** **Crucible CPM® Rex® 76®(HS) represents the absolute frontier of hot hardness in commercially available high-speed steel technology.** It is a **specialist material engineered for a specific extreme condition**: the intense thermal environment generated when pushing productivity limits on the world's most heat-resistant alloys. By combining **ultra-high cobalt content with precision PM manufacturing**, Rex 76 achieves a level of red-hardness that redefines the thermal capabilities of steel cutting tools. Its value proposition is clear: **enable higher machining parameters and extended tool life in high-temperature applications** where other HSS grades fail thermally. This material is not merely an incremental improvement but a **strategic enabler for advanced manufacturing** in aerospace, power generation, and high-performance automotive sectors. For machining engineers facing thermal barriers with conventional tooling, **CPM Rex 76 offers the ultimate HSS solution—providing the closest steel-based approximation to the heat resistance of ceramics while maintaining the toughness and manufacturability advantages of premium tool steel.** --- -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Crucible Steel CPM® Rex® 76®(HS), AISI M48 High Speed Steel Rex® 76®(HS) Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <5237 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Crucible Steel CPM® Rex® 76®(HS), AISI M48 High Speed Steel Rex® 76®(HS) Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of Crucible Steel Flange CPM® Rex® 76®(HS), AISI M48 High Speed Steel Flange Rex® 76®(HS) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers Crucible Steel Flange CPM® Rex® 76®(HS), AISI M48 High Speed Steel Flange Rex® 76®(HS) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of Crucible Steel Flange CPM® Rex® 76®(HS), AISI M48 High Speed Steel Flange Rex® 76®(HS) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Flange drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 1708 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition