1,We Manufacturing processes are primarily classified into four types:
1:Forging,
2:Casting,
3:Cutting,
4:Rolling.
2,We can manufacture in accordance with these standards.
Standards:
GB Series (Chinese Standards), JB Series (Machinery Standards), HG Series (Chemical Industry Standards), ASME B16.5 (American Standards), BS4504 (British Standards), DIN (German Standards), and JIS (Japanese Standards).
Internationally, there are two primary systems of pipe flange standards: the European system, represented by the German DIN standards (including those of the former Soviet Union), and the American system, represented by the US ANSI pipe flange standards. Other common standards include: the Chinese Ministry of Machinery Industry standards (JB series), the Ministry of Chemical Industry standards (HG series), the Chinese National Standard *GB/T 9112–9124-2010 Steel Pipe Flanges*, as well as US standards (ASME B16.5), British standards (BS4504), German standards (DIN), Japanese standards (JIS), and marine standards (CBM), among others.
The nominal pressure ratings for the PN series are designated by "PN" and comprise the following nine levels: PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63, PN100, and PN160.
The nominal pressure ratings for the Class series are designated by "Class" and comprise the following six levels: Class150, Class300, Class600, Class900, Class1500, and Class2500.
Flange Classification
1. **According to Chemical Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Plate Flat Welding Flange (PL), Necked Flat Welding Flange (SO), Necked Butt Welding Flange (WN), Integral Flange (IF), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Threaded Flange (Th), Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/SE), Blind Flange (BL), Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/PJ), and Lined Blind Flange (BL(s)).
2. **According to Petrochemical (SH) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Threaded Flange (PL), Butt Welding Flange (WN), Flat Welding Flange (SO), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Loose Flange (LJ), and Blind Flange (no specific designation).
3. **According to Machinery (JB) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Integral Flange, Butt Welding Flange, Plate Flat Welding Flange, Butt Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Lap Joint Ring Plate Loose Flange, and Blind Flange.
4. **According to Connection Method/Type:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Plate Flat Welding Flange, Necked Flat Welding Flange, Necked Butt Welding Flange, Socket Welding Flange, Threaded Flange, Blind Flange, Necked Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange, Ring-Type Joint (RTJ) Flange and Blind Flange, Large-Diameter Plate Flange, Large-Diameter High-Neck Flange, Figure-8 Blind Plate, Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, etc.
5. **According to the Component Being Connected:** Flanges can be classified into Vessel Flanges and Pipe Flanges.
6. **According to Structural Type:** Flanges include Integral Flanges, Threaded Flanges, Flat Welding Flanges, Butt Welding Flanges, Lap Joint (Loose/Swivel) Flanges, and Blind Flanges.
A flange—also referred to as a flange plate or rim—is a component used to connect shafts to one another, or, more commonly, to join the ends of pipes. Flanges are also utilized at the inlet and outlet ports of equipment to facilitate connections between two devices—for instance, the flange on a speed reducer. A "flange connection" or "flanged joint" refers to a detachable joint assembly comprising three interconnected elements—a flange, a gasket, and bolts—that together form a sealed structural unit. In the context of piping systems, a "pipe flange" specifically denotes a flange used for plumbing within the installation; when applied to equipment, it refers to the inlet or outlet flange of that specific device. Flanges feature a series of holes through which bolts are inserted to securely fasten the two flanges together, while a gasket placed between the flanges ensures a leak-proof seal. Flanges are broadly categorized into three types: threaded (screw-in) flanges, welded flanges, and clamp-type flanges. Flanges are invariably used in pairs; threaded flanges are suitable for low-pressure piping applications, whereas welded flanges are required for systems operating at pressures exceeding 4 kilograms per square centimeter. A sealing gasket is inserted between the two flange plates, which are then firmly secured using bolts. The thickness of a flange—as well as the specifications of the bolts used to fasten it—vary depending on the specific pressure rating required for the application. When connecting equipment such as water pumps or valves to piping systems, the corresponding connection points on these devices are often manufactured in the shape of a matching flange; this method of attachment is also referred to as a "flange connection." Generally, any connecting component that utilizes bolts to join and seal the perimeters of two flat surfaces—such as the joints in ventilation ducts—is termed a "flange"; such components may collectively be classified as "flange-type parts." However, since such a connection often constitutes merely a *portion* of a larger device—for instance, the interface between a flange and a water pump—it would be inappropriate to classify the entire water pump itself as a "flange-type part." Conversely, smaller components—such as valves—that feature such flanged interfaces may indeed be appropriately categorized as "flange-type parts."
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Latrobe CBS-50™ NiL VIM-VAR High Performance Carburizing Bearing and Gear Steel Flange Product Information
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Latrobe CBS-50™ NiL VIM-VAR High Performance Carburizing Bearing and Gear Steel Flange Synonyms
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Latrobe CBS-50™ NiL VIM-VAR High Performance Carburizing Bearing and Gear Steel Product Information
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### **Product Datasheet: Latrobe CBS-50™ NiL VIM-VAR High Performance Carburizing Bearing and Gear Steel**
#### **1. Product Overview**
Latrobe’s **CBS-50™ NiL (Case-Hardened Bearing Steel - Nickel Low)** is a premium, deep-case carburizing steel produced via advanced **Vacuum Induction Melting (VIM)** followed by **Vacuum Arc Remelting (VAR)**. It represents a significant evolution beyond M50 steel, specifically engineered to overcome the limitations of through-hardened grades by offering a superior combination of a **very hard, wear-resistant surface** and an **exceptionally tough, ductile core**. This unique property profile, achieved through carburizing heat treatment, makes it the material of choice for the most demanding, heavy-duty aerospace bearings and transmission gears subject to high contact stresses, shock loads, and rolling contact fatigue.
#### **2. Key Advantages & Characteristics**
* **Unmatched Combination of Surface & Core Properties:** Provides a case hardness of 58-64 HRC for wear resistance, with a tough, ductile core (typically 40-48 HRC) to absorb high impact and bending stresses.
* **Superior Rolling Contact Fatigue (RCF) & Bending Fatigue Life:** Demonstrates significantly longer fatigue life compared to through-hardened steels in heavily loaded applications, particularly where sub-surface initiated spalling is a concern.
* **Enhanced Fracture Toughness:** The nickel-alloyed, low-carbon martensitic core offers excellent fracture toughness and resistance to crack propagation.
* **Exceptional Steel Cleanliness:** The dual VIM-VAR melting process ensures ultra-low levels of non-metallic inclusions, which are critical initiators of fatigue failure in high-cycle applications.
* **Deep & Controllable Case Depth:** Capable of achieving deep, uniform case depths (typically >2.5 mm / 0.100") for large, heavily loaded components like main shaft bearings and planetary gears.
* **Good Dimensional Stability:** Exhibits lower distortion during the carburizing and quenching process compared to some alloy steels, owing to its fine, homogeneous microstructure.
#### **3. Chemical Composition (Typical, wt.%)**
The composition is optimized for deep hardenability, core toughness, and response to carburizing.
| Element | Content Range (Typical) | Metallurgical Function |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **Carbon (C)** | 0.10 - 0.15 | Provides core strength and hardenability; surface carbon enriched during carburizing. |
| **Nickel (Ni)** | 2.75 - 3.25 | **Key alloy:** Dramatically increases core toughness, ductility, and hardenability. Improves low-temperature properties. |
| **Chromium (Cr)** | 3.75 - 4.25 | Provides hardenability and forms stable carbides in the case for wear resistance. |
| **Molybdenum (Mo)** | 3.90 - 4.40 | Enhances hardenability, promotes secondary hardening, refines grain structure. |
| **Vanadium (V)** | 0.90 - 1.10 | Forms fine, hard vanadium carbides for grain refinement and improved wear resistance. |
| **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.20 - 0.40 | Aids hardenability and acts as a deoxidizer. |
| **Silicon (Si)** | 0.20 - 0.40 | Deoxidizer, strengthens the ferrite matrix. |
| **Sulfur (S)** | ≤ 0.005 | Ultra-low to maximize transverse properties and cleanliness. |
| **Phosphorus (P)** | ≤ 0.010 | Ultra-low impurity control. |
| **Iron (Fe)** | Balance | Matrix. |
*Note: The VIM-VAR process ensures oxygen levels typically <10 ppm and hydrogen <2 ppm.*
#### **4. Physical & Mechanical Properties**
*Properties are highly dependent on the carburizing cycle and final heat treatment.*
**A. Core Properties (After Carburizing & Heat Treatment):**
* **Core Hardness:** 40 - 48 HRC (typical, varies with tempering temperature)
* **Ultimate Tensile Strength:** 1240 - 1520 MPa (180 - 220 ksi)
* **Yield Strength (0.2% Offset):** 1035 - 1380 MPa (150 - 200 ksi)
* **Elongation:** 10 - 15%
* **Reduction in Area:** 35 - 55%
* **Fracture Toughness (KIC):** **25 - 35 MPa√m** (Significantly higher than through-hardened M50)
**B. Case Properties:**
* **Surface Hardness:** 58 - 64 HRC (after carburizing, quenching, and tempering)
* **Effective Case Depth:** Customizable; typically >2.5 mm (0.100") to 4.0 mm (0.160") at 50 HRC.
* **Residual Stress:** High compressive stresses at the surface, enhancing fatigue life.
**C. Physical Properties:**
* **Density:** ~7.78 g/cm³
* **Modulus of Elasticity:** ~205 GPa
* **Thermal Expansion Coefficient:** ~11.5 x 10-6 /°C (20-100°C)
#### **5. International Standards & Specifications**
CBS-50™ NiL is a proprietary, premium-grade material with equivalents in various standards.
* **Primary Specifications:**
* **AMS 6281:** The primary Aerospace Material Specification for this grade of steel (Carburizing, VIM-VAR).
* **AMS 2301:** Aircraft Quality Steel Cleanliness (Premium, typically Special Electron Beam Remelted grade).
* **AMS 2759/3:** Heat Treatment of Steel Parts, Carburizing and Hardening.
* **Cross-References / Similar Grades:**
* **AISI/SAE:** Similar in concept to a modified **9310** but with higher Cr, Mo, V for superior high-temperature performance.
* **European (DIN/WNr):** Conceptually similar to high-performance case-hardening steels like **1.6587** but with distinct chemistry.
* **Latrobe Proprietary Designation:** **CBS-50™ NiL VIM-VAR**.
* **Key Industry Standards:** Compliant with **AS9100** for aerospace and applicable sections of **ARP 1820** for gear materials.
#### **6. Product Applications**
CBS-50™ NiL is specified for the most critical, high-integrity components in aerospace and power transmission.
* **Aerospace Turbine Engines:** Main shaft bearings, planetary gears in gearboxes, fan drive gear system (FDGS) components, accessory drive gears.
* **Aerospace Transmissions:** Helicopter main and tail rotor gearbox bearings and gears.
* **Advanced Rotorcraft:** Tiltrotor proprotor gearbox components.
* **Industrial Gas Turbines:** Heavy-duty power generation turbine bearings and drive train gears.
* **High-Performance Racing & Defense:** Critical gears and bearings in applications where weight, reliability, and extreme load capacity are paramount.
#### **7. Heat Treatment Process**
The performance of CBS-50™ NiL is realized through a precise, multi-step thermal process:
1. **Carburizing:** Typically performed via vacuum carburizing or atmospheric gas carburizing at 925-980°C to achieve the desired case depth and surface carbon concentration (~0.8-1.0%).
2. **Diffusion:** A hold at temperature to allow carbon to diffuse inward, creating a smooth gradient.
3. **Quenching:** Oil quenching from the austenitizing temperature (typically 1040-1095°C) to transform both case and core to martensite.
4. **Sub-Zero Treatment:** Often employed to transform retained austenite in the high-carbon case to martensite.
5. **Tempering:** Multiple tempers (typically 2-3 cycles) at 150-200°C to relieve stresses and achieve final hardness in both case and core.
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**Disclaimer:** This datasheet provides general information based on typical industry data for CBS-50™ NiL-type materials. Latrobe Specialty Metals’ exact specifications, processing guidelines, and certified properties may vary. The performance of a finished component is critically dependent on part geometry, precise heat treatment parameters, and manufacturing controls. For all critical applications, **direct consultation with Latrobe’s technical and engineering team is essential** for material selection, specification, and validation.
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Latrobe CBS-50™ NiL VIM-VAR High Performance Carburizing Bearing and Gear Steel Specification
Dimensions
Size：
Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <5323 mm
Size:We can customized as required
Standard：
Per your request or drawing
We can customized as required
Properties（Theoretical）
Chemical Composition
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Latrobe CBS-50™ NiL VIM-VAR High Performance Carburizing Bearing and Gear Steel Properties
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Applications of Latrobe CBS-50™ NiL VIM-VAR High Performance Carburizing Bearing and Gear Steel Flange
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Chemical Identifiers Latrobe CBS-50™ NiL VIM-VAR High Performance Carburizing Bearing and Gear Steel Flange
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Packing of Latrobe CBS-50™ NiL VIM-VAR High Performance Carburizing Bearing and Gear Steel Flange
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Standard Packing:
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Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Flange drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 1794 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition
