1,We Manufacturing processes are primarily classified into four types:
1:Forging,
2:Casting,
3:Cutting,
4:Rolling.
2,We can manufacture in accordance with these standards.
Standards:
GB Series (Chinese Standards), JB Series (Machinery Standards), HG Series (Chemical Industry Standards), ASME B16.5 (American Standards), BS4504 (British Standards), DIN (German Standards), and JIS (Japanese Standards).
Internationally, there are two primary systems of pipe flange standards: the European system, represented by the German DIN standards (including those of the former Soviet Union), and the American system, represented by the US ANSI pipe flange standards. Other common standards include: the Chinese Ministry of Machinery Industry standards (JB series), the Ministry of Chemical Industry standards (HG series), the Chinese National Standard *GB/T 9112–9124-2010 Steel Pipe Flanges*, as well as US standards (ASME B16.5), British standards (BS4504), German standards (DIN), Japanese standards (JIS), and marine standards (CBM), among others.
The nominal pressure ratings for the PN series are designated by "PN" and comprise the following nine levels: PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63, PN100, and PN160.
The nominal pressure ratings for the Class series are designated by "Class" and comprise the following six levels: Class150, Class300, Class600, Class900, Class1500, and Class2500.
Flange Classification
1. **According to Chemical Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Plate Flat Welding Flange (PL), Necked Flat Welding Flange (SO), Necked Butt Welding Flange (WN), Integral Flange (IF), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Threaded Flange (Th), Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/SE), Blind Flange (BL), Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/PJ), and Lined Blind Flange (BL(s)).
2. **According to Petrochemical (SH) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Threaded Flange (PL), Butt Welding Flange (WN), Flat Welding Flange (SO), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Loose Flange (LJ), and Blind Flange (no specific designation).
3. **According to Machinery (JB) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Integral Flange, Butt Welding Flange, Plate Flat Welding Flange, Butt Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Lap Joint Ring Plate Loose Flange, and Blind Flange.
4. **According to Connection Method/Type:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Plate Flat Welding Flange, Necked Flat Welding Flange, Necked Butt Welding Flange, Socket Welding Flange, Threaded Flange, Blind Flange, Necked Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange, Ring-Type Joint (RTJ) Flange and Blind Flange, Large-Diameter Plate Flange, Large-Diameter High-Neck Flange, Figure-8 Blind Plate, Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, etc.
5. **According to the Component Being Connected:** Flanges can be classified into Vessel Flanges and Pipe Flanges.
6. **According to Structural Type:** Flanges include Integral Flanges, Threaded Flanges, Flat Welding Flanges, Butt Welding Flanges, Lap Joint (Loose/Swivel) Flanges, and Blind Flanges.
A flange—also referred to as a flange plate or rim—is a component used to connect shafts to one another, or, more commonly, to join the ends of pipes. Flanges are also utilized at the inlet and outlet ports of equipment to facilitate connections between two devices—for instance, the flange on a speed reducer. A "flange connection" or "flanged joint" refers to a detachable joint assembly comprising three interconnected elements—a flange, a gasket, and bolts—that together form a sealed structural unit. In the context of piping systems, a "pipe flange" specifically denotes a flange used for plumbing within the installation; when applied to equipment, it refers to the inlet or outlet flange of that specific device. Flanges feature a series of holes through which bolts are inserted to securely fasten the two flanges together, while a gasket placed between the flanges ensures a leak-proof seal. Flanges are broadly categorized into three types: threaded (screw-in) flanges, welded flanges, and clamp-type flanges. Flanges are invariably used in pairs; threaded flanges are suitable for low-pressure piping applications, whereas welded flanges are required for systems operating at pressures exceeding 4 kilograms per square centimeter. A sealing gasket is inserted between the two flange plates, which are then firmly secured using bolts. The thickness of a flange—as well as the specifications of the bolts used to fasten it—vary depending on the specific pressure rating required for the application. When connecting equipment such as water pumps or valves to piping systems, the corresponding connection points on these devices are often manufactured in the shape of a matching flange; this method of attachment is also referred to as a "flange connection." Generally, any connecting component that utilizes bolts to join and seal the perimeters of two flat surfaces—such as the joints in ventilation ducts—is termed a "flange"; such components may collectively be classified as "flange-type parts." However, since such a connection often constitutes merely a *portion* of a larger device—for instance, the interface between a flange and a water pump—it would be inappropriate to classify the entire water pump itself as a "flange-type part." Conversely, smaller components—such as valves—that feature such flanged interfaces may indeed be appropriately categorized as "flange-type parts."
-:-
For detailed product information, please contact sales.
-:
Latrobe LSS™ D2 Tool Steel Flange (ASTM D2) Product Information
-:-
For detailed product information, please contact sales.
-:
Latrobe LSS™ D2 Tool Steel Flange (ASTM D2) Synonyms
-:-
For detailed product information, please contact sales.
-:
Latrobe LSS™ D2 Tool Steel (ASTM D2) Product Information
-:-
For detailed product information, please contact sales.
-:
# **Latrobe LSS™ D2 Tool Steel (ASTM D2)**
## **Product Overview**
Latrobe LSS™ D2 is a premium-grade, high-carbon, high-chromium, air-hardening cold work tool steel that represents the industry benchmark for wear resistance in its category. Conforming to the stringent ASTM D2 specification, it offers an exceptional balance of **very high wear resistance, good dimensional stability, and moderate toughness**. Its widespread adoption is attributed to its reliability, versatility, and cost-effectiveness in applications where abrasive wear is the primary failure mechanism, making it one of the most commonly used tool steels for demanding cold work tooling.
## **Key Features & Benefits**
* **Excellent Abrasive Wear Resistance:** High volume of hard, primary chromium carbides (M₇C₃ type) provides outstanding resistance to abrasive wear, significantly extending tool life in high-production environments.
* **Good Dimensional Stability:** As an air-hardening steel, it exhibits minimal distortion and predictable, low net size change during heat treatment compared to oil-hardening grades, suitable for precision tools and complex dies.
* **Deep Hardenability:** Can be through-hardened in substantial cross-sections via air quenching, ensuring uniform properties and wear resistance throughout the tool.
* **Good Compressive Strength:** Capable of withstanding high pressure without deforming, essential for cold forming and stamping operations.
* **Versatile Performance:** Offers the best practical combination of wear resistance and toughness among the high-carbon, high-chromium cold work steels (D-series), suitable for a vast range of applications.
## **International Standard & Designations**
* **Primary Standard:** **ASTM A681-08 (R2019):** Standard Specification for Tool Steel Alloy.
* **Grade:** **D2**
* **Manufacturer's Designation:** **Latrobe LSS™ D2**
* **Unified Numbering System (UNS):** **T30402**
* **Common International Equivalents:**
* **ISO:** **160CrMoV12** / **~HS 12-0-1**
* **Germany (DIN/W-Nr.):** **1.2379 / X155CrVMo12-1**
* **Japan (JIS):** **SKD11**
* **Sweden (SS):** **2310**
## **Chemical Composition (%, typical - ASTM D2)**
| Carbon (C) | Chromium (Cr) | Molybdenum (Mo) | Vanadium (V) | Manganese (Mn) | Silicon (Si) | Iron (Fe) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 1.40 - 1.60 | 11.00 - 13.00 | 0.70 - 1.20 | 0.50 - 1.10 | 0.20 - 0.60 | 0.10 - 0.60 | Balance |
*Note:* The high chromium content (11-13%) is responsible for its high hardenability and the formation of massive wear-resistant carbides.
## **Physical & Mechanical Properties (Typical)**
| Property | Value / Description |
| :--- | :--- |
| **Density** | 7.70 g/cm³ (0.278 lb/in³) |
| **Hardness (Annealed)** | 210-245 HB (Brinell) |
| **Hardness (Heat Treated)** | **58 - 62 HRC** (Standard working range)
**Up to 63-64 HRC** (Achievable with optimized heat treatment for maximum wear resistance) |
| **Austenitizing Temperature** | 995 - 1040°C (1825 - 1900°F) |
| **Quenching Medium** | Air (Still or Forced) |
| **Tempering Temperature** | 180 - 540°C (355 - 1000°F). **Double tempering is standard and essential.** Common tempering range is 480-540°C (900-1000°F) to achieve optimal toughness and stability at 58-60 HRC. |
| **Dimensional Change on Hardening** | Low expansion; typically +0.07% to +0.15%. |
| **Toughness** | Moderate. Higher than A7-type steels, but lower than A2 or S7. |
## **Product Applications**
Latrobe LSS™ D2 is an exceptionally versatile steel used across countless industries for long-run, wear-critical tooling.
* **Blanking, Piercing, and Forming Dies:** For sheet metal, especially for medium to long production runs on abrasive materials (e.g., fiberglass, composites, pre-painted steel).
* **Cold Forming Rolls and Mandrels.**
* **Thread Rolling Dies and Knurls.**
* **Slitter Knives and Shear Blades** for metal and plastic.
* **Gages, Precision Rolls, and Machine Tool Components.**
* **Plastic Injection Molds** for abrasive or corrosive resins (e.g., filled plastics, fluoropolymers).
* **Woodworking Knives** and wear parts.
## **Processing & Heat Treatment Notes**
* **Machining:** Good machinability in the properly annealed condition (spheroidized microstructure is crucial). Use sharp tools and positive rakes.
* **Heat Treatment:** **Requires thorough preheating** (e.g., at 650°C/1200°F and 850°C/1560°F) prior to austenitizing to minimize thermal shock and distortion. Use a controlled atmosphere or vacuum furnace to prevent decarburization. Quench in still or forced air to below 50-65°C (120-150°F). **Immediate double tempering (or triple for highest stability) is mandatory** to transform retained austenite, ensure dimensional stability, and develop optimal properties. The second temper should be at the same or slightly lower temperature.
* **Grinding:** Can be ground in the hardened state. Use sharp, open-structure wheels and ample coolant to avoid burning due to its low thermal conductivity.
* **Surface Treatments:** Excellent candidate for nitriding (gas, plasma, or salt bath) and PVD coatings (TiN, CrN, AlCrN) to dramatically enhance surface hardness, wear resistance, and anti-galling properties.
---
**Disclaimer**
*This product description provides typical information for D2 tool steel. Latrobe LSS™ D2 is produced to high-quality standards, and its properties are influenced by heat treatment parameters, section size, and final processing. For critical applications, always consult the latest official technical data sheets and processing guidelines from Latrobe Specialty Steel to determine suitability and optimal processing parameters.*
-:-
For detailed product information, please contact sales.
-:
Latrobe LSS™ D2 Tool Steel (ASTM D2) Specification
Dimensions
Size：
Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <5354 mm
Size:We can customized as required
Standard：
Per your request or drawing
We can customized as required
Properties（Theoretical）
Chemical Composition
-:-
For detailed product information, please contact sales.
-:
Latrobe LSS™ D2 Tool Steel (ASTM D2) Properties
-:-
For detailed product information, please contact sales.
-:
Applications of Latrobe LSS™ D2 Tool Steel Flange (ASTM D2)
-:-
For detailed product information, please contact sales.
-:
Chemical Identifiers Latrobe LSS™ D2 Tool Steel Flange (ASTM D2)
-:-
For detailed product information, please contact sales.
-:
Packing of Latrobe LSS™ D2 Tool Steel Flange (ASTM D2)
-:-
For detailed product information, please contact sales.
-:
Standard Packing:
-:-
For detailed product information, please contact sales.
-:
Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Flange drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 1825 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition
