Latrobe,LSS™ D7 Tool Steel Flange (ASTM D7)

1,We Manufacturing processes are primarily classified into four types: 1:Forging, 2:Casting, 3:Cutting, 4:Rolling. 2,We can manufacture in accordance with these standards. Standards: GB Series (Chinese Standards), JB Series (Machinery Standards), HG Series (Chemical Industry Standards), ASME B16.5 (American Standards), BS4504 (British Standards), DIN (German Standards), and JIS (Japanese Standards). Internationally, there are two primary systems of pipe flange standards: the European system, represented by the German DIN standards (including those of the former Soviet Union), and the American system, represented by the US ANSI pipe flange standards. Other common standards include: the Chinese Ministry of Machinery Industry standards (JB series), the Ministry of Chemical Industry standards (HG series), the Chinese National Standard *GB/T 9112–9124-2010 Steel Pipe Flanges*, as well as US standards (ASME B16.5), British standards (BS4504), German standards (DIN), Japanese standards (JIS), and marine standards (CBM), among others. The nominal pressure ratings for the PN series are designated by "PN" and comprise the following nine levels: PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63, PN100, and PN160. The nominal pressure ratings for the Class series are designated by "Class" and comprise the following six levels: Class150, Class300, Class600, Class900, Class1500, and Class2500. Flange Classification 1. **According to Chemical Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange (PL), Necked Flat Welding Flange (SO), Necked Butt Welding Flange (WN), Integral Flange (IF), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Threaded Flange (Th), Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/SE), Blind Flange (BL), Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/PJ), and Lined Blind Flange (BL(s)). 2. **According to Petrochemical (SH) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Threaded Flange (PL), Butt Welding Flange (WN), Flat Welding Flange (SO), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Loose Flange (LJ), and Blind Flange (no specific designation). 3. **According to Machinery (JB) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Integral Flange, Butt Welding Flange, Plate Flat Welding Flange, Butt Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Lap Joint Ring Plate Loose Flange, and Blind Flange. 4. **According to Connection Method/Type:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange, Necked Flat Welding Flange, Necked Butt Welding Flange, Socket Welding Flange, Threaded Flange, Blind Flange, Necked Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange, Ring-Type Joint (RTJ) Flange and Blind Flange, Large-Diameter Plate Flange, Large-Diameter High-Neck Flange, Figure-8 Blind Plate, Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, etc. 5. **According to the Component Being Connected:** Flanges can be classified into Vessel Flanges and Pipe Flanges. 6. **According to Structural Type:** Flanges include Integral Flanges, Threaded Flanges, Flat Welding Flanges, Butt Welding Flanges, Lap Joint (Loose/Swivel) Flanges, and Blind Flanges. A flange—also referred to as a flange plate or rim—is a component used to connect shafts to one another, or, more commonly, to join the ends of pipes. Flanges are also utilized at the inlet and outlet ports of equipment to facilitate connections between two devices—for instance, the flange on a speed reducer. A "flange connection" or "flanged joint" refers to a detachable joint assembly comprising three interconnected elements—a flange, a gasket, and bolts—that together form a sealed structural unit. In the context of piping systems, a "pipe flange" specifically denotes a flange used for plumbing within the installation; when applied to equipment, it refers to the inlet or outlet flange of that specific device. Flanges feature a series of holes through which bolts are inserted to securely fasten the two flanges together, while a gasket placed between the flanges ensures a leak-proof seal. Flanges are broadly categorized into three types: threaded (screw-in) flanges, welded flanges, and clamp-type flanges. Flanges are invariably used in pairs; threaded flanges are suitable for low-pressure piping applications, whereas welded flanges are required for systems operating at pressures exceeding 4 kilograms per square centimeter. A sealing gasket is inserted between the two flange plates, which are then firmly secured using bolts. The thickness of a flange—as well as the specifications of the bolts used to fasten it—vary depending on the specific pressure rating required for the application. When connecting equipment such as water pumps or valves to piping systems, the corresponding connection points on these devices are often manufactured in the shape of a matching flange; this method of attachment is also referred to as a "flange connection." Generally, any connecting component that utilizes bolts to join and seal the perimeters of two flat surfaces—such as the joints in ventilation ducts—is termed a "flange"; such components may collectively be classified as "flange-type parts." However, since such a connection often constitutes merely a *portion* of a larger device—for instance, the interface between a flange and a water pump—it would be inappropriate to classify the entire water pump itself as a "flange-type part." Conversely, smaller components—such as valves—that feature such flanged interfaces may indeed be appropriately categorized as "flange-type parts." -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Latrobe LSS™ D7 Tool Steel Flange (ASTM D7) Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Latrobe LSS™ D7 Tool Steel Flange (ASTM D7) Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Latrobe LSS™ D7 Tool Steel (ASTM D7) Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **Latrobe LSS™ D7 Tool Steel (ASTM D7)** ## **Product Overview** Latrobe LSS™ D7 is a premium-grade, ultra-high-carbon, high-chromium **air-hardening** cold work tool steel, representing the pinnacle of wear resistance within the ASTM D-series. Characterized by its exceptionally high carbon and vanadium content, D7 is engineered to deliver **maximum abrasive wear resistance** under severe service conditions. It is specifically formulated for applications where wear is the absolute primary failure mechanism and where extreme hardness and carbide volume are required to combat the most challenging abrasive materials. ## **Key Features & Benefits** * **Maximum Abrasive Wear Resistance:** The highest combined carbon and carbide-forming element (Cr, V) content in the D-series creates an extremely high volume of hard, primary carbides (MC and M₇C₃ types), providing unparalleled resistance to abrasive wear. * **Exceptional High Hardness Capability:** Can achieve and maintain very high surface hardness (up to 66-68 HRC) with proper heat treatment, offering superior resistance to indentation and deformation. * **Good Dimensional Stability:** As an air-hardening steel, it offers minimal distortion during heat treatment compared to oil-hardening grades, a critical factor for maintaining precision in complex tooling subjected to extreme wear. * **Deep Hardenability:** Can be through-hardened in substantial cross-sections via air quenching, ensuring consistent wear properties from surface to core. * **Optimized for Severe Service:** Uniquely suited for applications involving highly abrasive non-metallic or metallic materials that would rapidly degrade standard wear steels. ## **International Standard & Designations** * **Primary Standard:** **ASTM A681-08 (R2019):** Standard Specification for Tool Steel Alloy. * **Grade:** **D7** * **Manufacturer's Designation:** **Latrobe LSS™ D7** * **Unified Numbering System (UNS):** **T30407** * **Common International Equivalents:** * **ISO:** No direct equivalent; functionally aligns with the highest-wear class of high-Cr, high-C steels. * **Germany (DIN/W-Nr.):** The closest conceptual equivalent is **1.2378** or a high-vanadium modification of **1.2379**. * **Japan (JIS):** No direct JIS equivalent. ## **Chemical Composition (%, typical - ASTM D7)** The defining feature is ultra-high carbon and significant vanadium. | Carbon (C) | Chromium (Cr) | Vanadium (V) | Molybdenum (Mo) | Manganese (Mn) | Silicon (Si) | Iron (Fe) | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | 2.15 - 2.50 | 11.50 - 13.50 | 3.80 - 4.40 | 0.70 - 1.20 | 0.20 - 0.60 | 0.10 - 0.60 | Balance | *Note:* The carbon content (>2.15%) and vanadium content (~4%) are exceptionally high, resulting in a massive volume of hard, wear-resistant vanadium carbides (VC) in addition to chromium carbides. ## **Physical & Mechanical Properties (Typical)** | Property | Value / Description | | :--- | :--- | | **Density** | ~7.7 g/cm³ (0.278 lb/in³) | | **Hardness (Annealed)** | 240-270 HB (Brinell) | | **Hardness (Heat Treated)** | **64 - 68 HRC** (Typical achievable range, optimized for maximum wear resistance). | | **Austenitizing Temperature** | 1025 - 1075°C (1875 - 1970°F) – **Higher than D2/D3 to dissolve vanadium carbides.** | | **Quenching Medium** | Air (Still or Forced) | | **Tempering Temperature** | 480 - 560°C (900 - 1040°F). **Triple tempering is strongly recommended and often essential.** Requires high tempering temperatures to achieve secondary hardening and transform retained austenite. | | **Dimensional Change on Hardening** | Predictable, low expansion. | | **Toughness** | **Low.** This is a wear-first material. Its very high hardness and carbide volume result in low impact resistance. Applications must be designed to minimize tensile stress and shock loading. | | **Grindability** | Fair to difficult in the hardened state due to high vanadium carbide content. Requires sharp, premium abrasive wheels. | ## **Product Applications** Latrobe LSS™ D7 is reserved for the most severe wear applications, often where other high-wear grades like D2 or A7 prove inadequate. * **Blanking and Punching Dies:** For extremely abrasive materials such as fiberglass composites, graphite, carbon fiber, hardened steel preforms, abrasive rubber, and sand-filled resins. * **Slitter Knives and Shear Blades:** For cutting advanced composites, hard plastics, and abrasive non-ferrous metals. * **Wear Parts and Liners:** In machinery handling highly abrasive powders, minerals (e.g., silica, alumina), ceramics, or recycled materials. * **Brick, Tile, and Ceramic Mold Liners and Wear plates.** * **Cold Forming Rolls and Mandrels** for abrasive wires or strips. * **Pulp and Paper Industry Knives** for processing recycled stock. ## **Processing & Heat Treatment Notes** * **Machining:** **Difficult** in the annealed state due to extreme hardness from carbides. Requires rigid setups, slow speeds, heavy feeds, and premium tooling. Pre-hardened stock is often used. * **Heat Treatment:** **Demanding and critical.** Requires very careful **preheating** (e.g., at 650°C/1200°F and 850°C/1560°F) to prevent cracking. The high austenitizing temperature is necessary to put vanadium into solution but increases the risk of grain growth and distortion. Must be performed in a controlled atmosphere or vacuum furnace. Air quench. **Immediate and multiple tempering cycles (3x) are absolutely mandatory** to achieve maximum secondary hardness, transform retained austenite, and ensure dimensional stability. * **Grinding:** Use sharp CBN or premium aluminum oxide wheels with ample coolant. The high wear resistance of the workpiece material (the steel itself) requires careful grinding practices to avoid burns. --- **Disclaimer** *Latrobe LSS™ D7 is an extreme-performance tool steel requiring expert handling. Its low toughness and demanding heat treatment make it unsuitable for general-purpose use. The information provided is typical for D7-type steels. It is the end-user's critical responsibility to obtain and strictly follow the latest official technical data sheets and processing guidelines from Latrobe Specialty Steel. Proper application design, stress relief, and precise heat treatment are paramount for safe and successful implementation.* -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Latrobe LSS™ D7 Tool Steel (ASTM D7) Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <5357 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Latrobe LSS™ D7 Tool Steel (ASTM D7) Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of Latrobe LSS™ D7 Tool Steel Flange (ASTM D7) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers Latrobe LSS™ D7 Tool Steel Flange (ASTM D7) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of Latrobe LSS™ D7 Tool Steel Flange (ASTM D7) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Flange drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 1828 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition