AISI 94B15 Steel Flange

1,We Manufacturing processes are primarily classified into four types: 1:Forging, 2:Casting, 3:Cutting, 4:Rolling. 2,We can manufacture in accordance with these standards. Standards: GB Series (Chinese Standards), JB Series (Machinery Standards), HG Series (Chemical Industry Standards), ASME B16.5 (American Standards), BS4504 (British Standards), DIN (German Standards), and JIS (Japanese Standards). Internationally, there are two primary systems of pipe flange standards: the European system, represented by the German DIN standards (including those of the former Soviet Union), and the American system, represented by the US ANSI pipe flange standards. Other common standards include: the Chinese Ministry of Machinery Industry standards (JB series), the Ministry of Chemical Industry standards (HG series), the Chinese National Standard *GB/T 9112–9124-2010 Steel Pipe Flanges*, as well as US standards (ASME B16.5), British standards (BS4504), German standards (DIN), Japanese standards (JIS), and marine standards (CBM), among others. The nominal pressure ratings for the PN series are designated by "PN" and comprise the following nine levels: PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63, PN100, and PN160. The nominal pressure ratings for the Class series are designated by "Class" and comprise the following six levels: Class150, Class300, Class600, Class900, Class1500, and Class2500. Flange Classification 1. **According to Chemical Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange (PL), Necked Flat Welding Flange (SO), Necked Butt Welding Flange (WN), Integral Flange (IF), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Threaded Flange (Th), Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/SE), Blind Flange (BL), Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/PJ), and Lined Blind Flange (BL(s)). 2. **According to Petrochemical (SH) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Threaded Flange (PL), Butt Welding Flange (WN), Flat Welding Flange (SO), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Loose Flange (LJ), and Blind Flange (no specific designation). 3. **According to Machinery (JB) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Integral Flange, Butt Welding Flange, Plate Flat Welding Flange, Butt Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Lap Joint Ring Plate Loose Flange, and Blind Flange. 4. **According to Connection Method/Type:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange, Necked Flat Welding Flange, Necked Butt Welding Flange, Socket Welding Flange, Threaded Flange, Blind Flange, Necked Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange, Ring-Type Joint (RTJ) Flange and Blind Flange, Large-Diameter Plate Flange, Large-Diameter High-Neck Flange, Figure-8 Blind Plate, Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, etc. 5. **According to the Component Being Connected:** Flanges can be classified into Vessel Flanges and Pipe Flanges. 6. **According to Structural Type:** Flanges include Integral Flanges, Threaded Flanges, Flat Welding Flanges, Butt Welding Flanges, Lap Joint (Loose/Swivel) Flanges, and Blind Flanges. A flange—also referred to as a flange plate or rim—is a component used to connect shafts to one another, or, more commonly, to join the ends of pipes. Flanges are also utilized at the inlet and outlet ports of equipment to facilitate connections between two devices—for instance, the flange on a speed reducer. A "flange connection" or "flanged joint" refers to a detachable joint assembly comprising three interconnected elements—a flange, a gasket, and bolts—that together form a sealed structural unit. In the context of piping systems, a "pipe flange" specifically denotes a flange used for plumbing within the installation; when applied to equipment, it refers to the inlet or outlet flange of that specific device. Flanges feature a series of holes through which bolts are inserted to securely fasten the two flanges together, while a gasket placed between the flanges ensures a leak-proof seal. Flanges are broadly categorized into three types: threaded (screw-in) flanges, welded flanges, and clamp-type flanges. Flanges are invariably used in pairs; threaded flanges are suitable for low-pressure piping applications, whereas welded flanges are required for systems operating at pressures exceeding 4 kilograms per square centimeter. A sealing gasket is inserted between the two flange plates, which are then firmly secured using bolts. The thickness of a flange—as well as the specifications of the bolts used to fasten it—vary depending on the specific pressure rating required for the application. When connecting equipment such as water pumps or valves to piping systems, the corresponding connection points on these devices are often manufactured in the shape of a matching flange; this method of attachment is also referred to as a "flange connection." Generally, any connecting component that utilizes bolts to join and seal the perimeters of two flat surfaces—such as the joints in ventilation ducts—is termed a "flange"; such components may collectively be classified as "flange-type parts." However, since such a connection often constitutes merely a *portion* of a larger device—for instance, the interface between a flange and a water pump—it would be inappropriate to classify the entire water pump itself as a "flange-type part." Conversely, smaller components—such as valves—that feature such flanged interfaces may indeed be appropriately categorized as "flange-type parts." -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 94B15 Steel Flange Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 94B15 Steel Flange Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

AISI 94B15 Steel Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **Technical Datasheet: AISI 94B15 Steel** ## **1. PRODUCT OVERVIEW** **AISI 94B15** is a **low-alloy boron-treated case-hardening steel** developed for applications requiring high surface hardness with good core toughness. The addition of **boron (B)** in small but precisely controlled amounts significantly enhances the hardenability of the steel without requiring large quantities of expensive alloying elements like nickel or chromium. This makes 94B15 a **cost-effective alternative** to more highly alloyed carburizing steels, while still offering deep hardenability and good mechanical properties after heat treatment. The steel is primarily used in the carburized or carbonitrided condition to produce components with a **wear-resistant case** and a **tough, ductile core**, suitable for medium to heavy-duty applications where high load-carrying capacity and fatigue resistance are required. **Key Characteristics:** - **Boron-enhanced hardenability:** Achieves deep hardening with minimal alloy content. - **Cost-effective performance:** Lower alloy cost compared to nickel-chromium grades. - **Good machinability** in the annealed or normalized condition. - **Suitable for a wide range of case-hardening processes:** Carburizing, carbonitriding, and induction hardening. - **Balanced core properties:** Good strength and toughness after heat treatment. ## **2. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION** **Compliance:** SAE J404, ASTM A29 (Typical Ranges) | Element | Minimum (%) | Maximum (%) | Typical (%) | Metallurgical Function | | :--- | :---: | :---: | :---: | :--- | | **Carbon (C)** | 0.13 | 0.18 | 0.15 | Provides core strength; basis for case hardening. | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.75 | 1.00 | 0.85 | Enhances hardenability and strength. | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.20 | 0.35 | 0.25 | Deoxidizer; provides solid solution strengthening. | | **Boron (B)** | 0.0005 | 0.0030 | 0.0015 | **Dramatically increases hardenability** by retarding ferrite formation at grain boundaries. | | **Phosphorus (P)** | — | 0.035 | ≤ 0.025 | Residual element (impurity). | | **Sulfur (S)** | — | 0.040 | ≤ 0.025 | Improves machinability in controlled amounts. | | **Chromium (Cr)** | 0.35 | 0.65 | 0.50 | Increases hardenability and promotes carbide formation in the case. | | **Nickel (Ni)** | — | 0.25* | ≤ 0.20 | May be present as a residual; not actively added. | | **Molybdenum (Mo)** | — | 0.06* | ≤ 0.05 | May be present as a residual. | | **Iron (Fe)** | Balance | — | Balance | Base metal. | \* Nickel and Molybdenum are not specified as required elements in AISI 94B15; their presence is typically from scrap chemistry and is limited. **Key Feature - Boron Treatment:** The effectiveness of boron is highly sensitive to its **free (active) form**. Therefore, the steel is often **"boron-protected"** by additions of strong nitride formers like titanium (~0.02-0.04%) or zirconium to tie up nitrogen, which would otherwise form boron nitride (BN) and render the boron ineffective. ## **3. PHYSICAL & MECHANICAL PROPERTIES** ### **Properties in the Annealed or Normalized Condition (Machining Stock):** - **Density:** 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³) - **Modulus of Elasticity:** 205 GPa (29.7 x 10⁶ psi) - **Thermal Conductivity:** ~46 W/m·K at 100°C - **Hardness (Annealed):** 149-197 HB (Typically ~174 HB) - **Hardness (Normalized):** 179-229 HB (Typically ~207 HB) - **Machinability:** Good, rated at approximately **70%** of a 1212 free-machining steel standard. ### **Typical Mechanical Properties After Case Hardening & Tempering:** *The final properties are highly dependent on the exact heat treatment cycle (case depth, quench medium, tempering temperature). Below are typical achievable values.* | Property | Core (Typical) | Case (Typical) | | :--- | :---: | :---: | | **Hardness** | 28-38 HRC | 58-63 HRC (as quenched) / 54-60 HRC (after temper) | | **Tensile Strength** | 950-1200 MPa (138-174 ksi) | — | | **Yield Strength (0.2%)** | 750-1000 MPa (109-145 ksi) | — | | **Elongation** | 10-15% | — | | **Reduction of Area** | 40-55% | — | | **Impact Toughness (Charpy V)** | 35-55 J (26-41 ft-lb) | — | **Hardenability:** Boron gives 94B15 a hardenability similar to steels with significantly higher alloy content. Its Jominy hardenability band allows it to be through-hardened in moderate sections using an oil quench. ## **4. HEAT TREATMENT** ### **1. Preliminary Conditioning (For Machining Stock):** - **Annealing:** Heat to 830-850°C (1525-1560°F), slow furnace cool. Produces a soft, ferrite-pearlite structure for best machinability. - **Normalizing:** Heat to 870-900°C (1600-1650°F), air cool. Refines grain structure and is a common supplied condition. ### **2. Case Hardening (Final Treatment):** **Carburizing (Most Common):** - **Temperature:** 900-925°C (1650-1700°F) - **Atmosphere:** Endothermic gas with enriching gas (natural gas, propane). - **Carbon Potential:** 0.75-0.90% at the surface. - **Quenching:** Direct oil quench from carburizing temperature or reheat and quench. - **Tempering:** 150-200°C (300-400°F) for 1-2 hours to relieve stress. **Carbonitriding (Alternative for thinner case):** - Uses an ammonia addition to the atmosphere. - Provides better hardenability in thin sections and can be quenched in a milder medium. ### **3. Resultant Microstructure:** - **Case:** High-carbon martensite with possible fine carbides and a small amount of retained austenite. - **Core:** Low-carbon martensite or a mixture of martensite and bainite, providing toughness. ## **5. TYPICAL APPLICATIONS** AISI 94B15 is a versatile, economical case-hardening steel used across various industries for components that require wear-resistant surfaces and strong cores. - **Automotive & Transportation:** - **Gears and Pinions:** Transmission gears, differential gears, starter ring gears. - **Shafts:** Camshafts, axle shafts, power take-off (PTO) shafts. - **Fasteners:** High-strength bolts, pins, studs. - **Other:** Splines, hubs, chain sprockets. - **Agricultural & Off-Highway Equipment:** - Gears and shafts for tractors and combines. - Track pins and bushings. - Sprockets for heavy machinery. - **General Industrial Machinery:** - Gearing for gearboxes, reducers, and speed changers. - Wear plates, rollers, and guides. - Clutch components and hydraulic parts. ## **6. INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS & EQUIVALENTS** ### **Primary Designations:** - **United States:** AISI 94B15, SAE 94B15, UNS G94151 - **ASTM:** Often supplied under ASTM A29 (Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy) or ASTM A534 (Carburizing Steels). ### **Approximate International Equivalents:** *Note: Exact chemical and property equivalents vary. The following are steels with similar composition and purpose.* | Country/Standard | Designation | Notes | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Europe (EN)** | 1.5525 | 15B16Cr1 (Slightly different Cr range) | | **Germany (DIN/W-Nr.)** | 1.5528 | 15B21Cr1 / 15B28Cr2 | | **Japan (JIS)** | — | No direct equivalent; SCr420 is a common Cr-Mo carburizing alternative. | | **United Kingdom** | 527H17 | Similar boron steel. | | **ISO** | — | No direct ISO designation. | **Important Note:** When sourcing material to an international specification, it is crucial to compare the full chemical composition ranges and required mechanical properties, as "equivalents" are often approximations. ## **7. ADVANTAGES AND CONSIDERATIONS** ### **Advantages:** - **Cost-Effective:** Achieves required hardenability with less expensive alloying. - **Deep Hardenability:** Boron allows for hardening of larger sections than plain carbon steels. - **Good Machinability:** Favorable for high-volume production. - **Versatility:** Responds well to various case-hardening methods. ### **Considerations / Limitations:** - **Boron Sensitivity:** Heat treatment and welding must be carefully controlled. Overheating can lead to **boron embrittlement** at grain boundaries. - **Not for High-Temperature Service:** The beneficial effect of boron on hardenability is lost at temperatures above ~500°C (930°F). - **Welding:** Generally not recommended for finished components. If welding is necessary, requires specialized low-heat input procedures and often post-weld heat treatment. - **Fatigue Performance:** While good, it may not match the exceptional fatigue resistance of higher-alloy steels like 9310 or 8620 in the most demanding, high-cycle applications. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 94B15 Steel Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <5778 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 94B15 Steel Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of AISI 94B15 Steel Flange -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers AISI 94B15 Steel Flange -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of AISI 94B15 Steel Flange -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Flange drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 2249 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition