EN 1.0037 High Manganese Carbon Steel Flange

1,We Manufacturing processes are primarily classified into four types: 1:Forging, 2:Casting, 3:Cutting, 4:Rolling. 2,We can manufacture in accordance with these standards. Standards: GB Series (Chinese Standards), JB Series (Machinery Standards), HG Series (Chemical Industry Standards), ASME B16.5 (American Standards), BS4504 (British Standards), DIN (German Standards), and JIS (Japanese Standards). Internationally, there are two primary systems of pipe flange standards: the European system, represented by the German DIN standards (including those of the former Soviet Union), and the American system, represented by the US ANSI pipe flange standards. Other common standards include: the Chinese Ministry of Machinery Industry standards (JB series), the Ministry of Chemical Industry standards (HG series), the Chinese National Standard *GB/T 9112–9124-2010 Steel Pipe Flanges*, as well as US standards (ASME B16.5), British standards (BS4504), German standards (DIN), Japanese standards (JIS), and marine standards (CBM), among others. The nominal pressure ratings for the PN series are designated by "PN" and comprise the following nine levels: PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63, PN100, and PN160. The nominal pressure ratings for the Class series are designated by "Class" and comprise the following six levels: Class150, Class300, Class600, Class900, Class1500, and Class2500. Flange Classification 1. **According to Chemical Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange (PL), Necked Flat Welding Flange (SO), Necked Butt Welding Flange (WN), Integral Flange (IF), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Threaded Flange (Th), Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/SE), Blind Flange (BL), Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/PJ), and Lined Blind Flange (BL(s)). 2. **According to Petrochemical (SH) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Threaded Flange (PL), Butt Welding Flange (WN), Flat Welding Flange (SO), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Loose Flange (LJ), and Blind Flange (no specific designation). 3. **According to Machinery (JB) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Integral Flange, Butt Welding Flange, Plate Flat Welding Flange, Butt Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Lap Joint Ring Plate Loose Flange, and Blind Flange. 4. **According to Connection Method/Type:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange, Necked Flat Welding Flange, Necked Butt Welding Flange, Socket Welding Flange, Threaded Flange, Blind Flange, Necked Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange, Ring-Type Joint (RTJ) Flange and Blind Flange, Large-Diameter Plate Flange, Large-Diameter High-Neck Flange, Figure-8 Blind Plate, Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, etc. 5. **According to the Component Being Connected:** Flanges can be classified into Vessel Flanges and Pipe Flanges. 6. **According to Structural Type:** Flanges include Integral Flanges, Threaded Flanges, Flat Welding Flanges, Butt Welding Flanges, Lap Joint (Loose/Swivel) Flanges, and Blind Flanges. A flange—also referred to as a flange plate or rim—is a component used to connect shafts to one another, or, more commonly, to join the ends of pipes. Flanges are also utilized at the inlet and outlet ports of equipment to facilitate connections between two devices—for instance, the flange on a speed reducer. A "flange connection" or "flanged joint" refers to a detachable joint assembly comprising three interconnected elements—a flange, a gasket, and bolts—that together form a sealed structural unit. In the context of piping systems, a "pipe flange" specifically denotes a flange used for plumbing within the installation; when applied to equipment, it refers to the inlet or outlet flange of that specific device. Flanges feature a series of holes through which bolts are inserted to securely fasten the two flanges together, while a gasket placed between the flanges ensures a leak-proof seal. Flanges are broadly categorized into three types: threaded (screw-in) flanges, welded flanges, and clamp-type flanges. Flanges are invariably used in pairs; threaded flanges are suitable for low-pressure piping applications, whereas welded flanges are required for systems operating at pressures exceeding 4 kilograms per square centimeter. A sealing gasket is inserted between the two flange plates, which are then firmly secured using bolts. The thickness of a flange—as well as the specifications of the bolts used to fasten it—vary depending on the specific pressure rating required for the application. When connecting equipment such as water pumps or valves to piping systems, the corresponding connection points on these devices are often manufactured in the shape of a matching flange; this method of attachment is also referred to as a "flange connection." Generally, any connecting component that utilizes bolts to join and seal the perimeters of two flat surfaces—such as the joints in ventilation ducts—is termed a "flange"; such components may collectively be classified as "flange-type parts." However, since such a connection often constitutes merely a *portion* of a larger device—for instance, the interface between a flange and a water pump—it would be inappropriate to classify the entire water pump itself as a "flange-type part." Conversely, smaller components—such as valves—that feature such flanged interfaces may indeed be appropriately categorized as "flange-type parts." -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: EN 1.0037 High Manganese Carbon Steel Flange, t < 16 mm Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: EN 1.0037 High Manganese Carbon Steel Flange, t < 16 mm Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

EN 1.0037 High Manganese Carbon Steel, t < 16 mm Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **Technical Datasheet: EN 1.0037 High Manganese Carbon Steel (t < 16 mm)** ## **1. PRODUCT OVERVIEW** **EN 1.0037** (commonly designated **S235JR** under EN 10025-2) is a fundamental, non-alloy, high manganese carbon structural steel specifically engineered for **excellent formability and weldability** in thin to medium thickness sections. When supplied in thicknesses **below 16 mm**, this grade exhibits optimal mechanical properties for cold forming operations, making it the **most widely used and readily available structural steel** in the world for general fabrication. The defining characteristic of 1.0037 is its **elevated manganese-to-carbon ratio**, which enhances strength, toughness, and work-hardening capacity compared to plain low-carbon steels. For sections **t < 16 mm**, the steel delivers a guaranteed minimum yield strength of 235 MPa without mandatory impact testing under standard conditions, simplifying procurement for a vast range of non-critical structural applications. It is primarily supplied in the **hot-rolled or normalized condition** as sheet, plate, strip, and sections. **Key Characteristics (for t < 16 mm):** - **Optimal Formability:** Superior ductility for bending, rolling, stamping, and other cold-forming processes. - **Excellent Weldability:** Can be welded by all common methods without preheating in this thickness range. - **Cost-Effective Availability:** The most economical and widely stocked structural steel grade. - **Guaranteed Minimum Strength:** Reliable 235 MPa yield strength for structural calculations. - **Non-Alloy Simplicity:** No mandatory alloying elements beyond carbon-manganese, ensuring predictable behavior. --- ## **2. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION (FOR t < 16 mm)** **Compliance:** EN 10025-2:2019 - For thicknesses up to and including 16 mm. *Chemical composition is specified for product analysis (check analysis).* | Element | Maximum (%) | Typical (%) | Metallurgical Function | | :--- | :---: | :---: | :--- | | **Carbon (C)** | **0.17** | 0.13 - 0.16 | Primary solid solution strengthener. Kept low for weldability/formability. | | **Manganese (Mn)** | **1.40** | 1.20 - 1.35 | **Critical Element.** Enhances strength & toughness via solid solution strengthening, refines grain structure, and neutralizes sulfur (forms MnS). The high Mn:C ratio is key. | | **Phosphorus (P)** | **0.035** | ≤ 0.025 | Residual impurity. Strictly limited to prevent cold shortness (embrittlement). | | **Sulfur (S)** | **0.035** | ≤ 0.020 | Residual impurity. Forms MnS inclusions; controlled to maintain ductility. | | **Silicon (Si)** | **0.55** (or as agreed) | 0.25 - 0.40 | Deoxidizer (fully killed steel). Ensures sound internal structure and contributes to strength. | | **Nitrogen (N)** | **0.012** | ≤ 0.009 | Residual gas. Controlled to prevent aging embrittlement. | | **Aluminum (Al) - Total** | — | **0.020 min.** (typical) | Grain refiner. Ensures fine austenite grain size during rolling. | | **Iron (Fe)** | Balance | Balance | Base metal. | **Key Chemical Notes for Thin Sections:** - **Carbon Equivalent (CEV):** Typically low: **CEV = C + Mn/6 ≈ 0.33 - 0.37%**. This guarantees excellent weldability without preheating for t < 16 mm. - **Deoxidation:** The steel is **Aluminum-Killed**, providing a fine, uniform ferrite-pearlite microstructure essential for good formability and surface quality. - **Product vs. Ladle Analysis:** The above are maximums for product analysis, allowing for slight segregation. Ladle analysis is typically tighter. --- ## **3. PHYSICAL & MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (t < 16 mm)** ### **A. Physical Properties (Typical):** - **Density:** 7.85 g/cm³ - **Modulus of Elasticity (E):** 210 GPa - **Shear Modulus (G):** 81 GPa - **Poisson's Ratio (ν):** 0.30 - **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (α):** 12.0 x 10⁻⁶ /K (20-100°C) - **Thermal Conductivity (λ):** 52 W/(m·K) at 20°C - **Specific Heat Capacity (c):** 450 J/(kg·K) - **Electrical Resistivity (ρ):** 0.14 µΩ·m ### **B. Mandatory Mechanical Properties (EN 10025-2):** *For nominal thickness t ≤ 16 mm. Values are minima unless stated as a range.* | Property | Symbol | Value | Test Standard | Note | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Yield Strength (min)** | ReH | **235 MPa** | EN ISO 6892-1 | Upper yield strength (ReH) or proof strength (Rp0.2) if no yield plateau. | | **Tensile Strength** | Rm | **360 - 510 MPa** | EN ISO 6892-1 | Must fall within this range. | | **Minimum Elongation** | A₅ (Lo=5.65√So) | **26%** | EN ISO 6892-1 | Measured on proportional gauge length test piece. | | **Impact Energy (Charpy V)** | KV | *Not Mandatory* | EN ISO 148-1 | For t < 16mm, impact testing is not a mandatory delivery requirement for S235JR. | ### **C. Typical Achieved Properties (t < 16 mm):** *Actual mill production typically exceeds minimums.* | Thickness Range | Typical Yield Strength (ReH) | Typical Tensile Strength (Rm) | Typical Elongation (A₅) | Typical Hardness (HB) | | :--- | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | | **t ≤ 3 mm** | 260 - 320 MPa | 400 - 470 MPa | 28 - 35% | 115 - 135 | | **3 mm < t ≤ 8 mm** | 250 - 300 MPa | 380 - 450 MPa | 26 - 32% | 110 - 130 | | **8 mm < t < 16 mm** | 240 - 290 MPa | 370 - 440 MPa | 26 - 30% | 105 - 125 | ### **D. Fabrication & Service Properties:** - **Formability:** **Excellent.** Minimum recommended inside bend radius is typically **0.5 x t** (parallel to rolling direction) to **1.0 x t** (perpendicular to rolling direction) for a 90° bend. - **Weldability:** **Excellent.** Preheating is not required for t < 16 mm under normal ambient conditions (>5°C). Suitable for all arc welding processes. - **Machinability:** Fair to Good (~45% of free-cutting steel 1212). Produces discontinuous chips; use positive rake tools with adequate cooling. - **Surface:** Standard hot-rolled mill scale. Available as pickled & oiled, or shot blasted & primed. --- ## **4. PROCESSING & FABRICATION (t < 16 mm)** This thickness range is ideal for most cold forming and fabrication processes. ### **Forming Guidelines:** - **Cold Bending/Rolling:** Can be bent to tight radii without cracking. Springback must be accounted for in tooling design. - **Shearing & Punching:** Clean edges achievable with sharp tools. Minimum punch-die clearance: ~10% of material thickness. - **Stamping & Deep Drawing:** Suitable for moderate draws. The Al-killed, fine-grained structure minimizes "earing" and surface defects. ### **Welding Guidelines (for t < 16 mm):** - **Processes:** SMAW (Stick), GMAW (MIG/MAG), FCAW, SAW, Resistance Spot/Seam Welding. - **Preheat:** **Not required** for thicknesses < 16 mm at ambient temperature > 5°C. - **Interpass Temperature:** Keep below 200°C to avoid excessive grain growth in the HAZ. - **Filler Metal Selection:** Match strength (e.g., EN ISO 2560-A: E 38 0 R C 12 or AWS A5.1: E7018) or slightly under-match for easier crack resistance. For MAG welding, G3Si1 or similar wire is common. - **Post-Weld Treatment:** Stress relieving is generally not required for this thickness range in most applications. ### **Cutting:** - **Thermal Cutting:** Oxy-fuel, plasma, and laser cutting are all highly effective. A slight HAZ (1-2 mm) will form, but properties remain adequate for structural purposes. - **Mechanical Cutting:** Band saws, circular saws, and shearing are standard. --- ## **5. TYPICAL APPLICATIONS (FOR THIN SECTIONS, t < 16 mm)** EN 1.0037 (S235JR) in thicknesses below 16 mm is ubiquitous in light to medium structural fabrication. - **Building & Construction:** - **Light structural framing:** Purlins, side rails, studs, and lintels. - **Cladding and roofing support structures.** - **Staircases, walkways, handrails, and balustrades.** - **Brackets, cleats, and connection plates.** - **General Engineering & Machinery:** - **Machine guards, covers, and housings.** - **Frames and bases for light machinery, cabinets, and enclosures.** - **Chutes, troughs, and hoppers in material handling.** - **Jigs, fixtures, and workshop equipment.** - **Automotive & Transportation:** - **Trailer bodies, floor plates, and structural members.** - **Commercial vehicle sub-frames and mounting brackets.** - **Shipping container components and internal structures.** - **Fabricated Products:** - **Storage racks, shelving systems, and lockers.** - **Agricultural equipment frames and components.** - **Artistic metalwork, signage, and decorative elements.** --- ## **6. INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS & EQUIVALENTS** ### **Primary Designation:** - **EN Standard:** **EN 10025-2:2019** - **Material Number:** **1.0037** - **Steel Name:** **S235JR** - **Old Designation:** Fe 360A (EN 10025:1990) ### **Major International Equivalents (for t < 16 mm):** *Equivalence is based on comparable yield strength and application. Chemical limits may differ.* | Country/Standard | Closest Equivalent(s) | Key Comparison Notes | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **International (ISO)** | **ISO 630-2: E235A** | Similar yield strength. Impact test at +20°C may be optional. | | **USA (ASTM)** | **ASTM A36** | A36 has higher permissible carbon (0.26% max) and no mandatory impact for most shapes/plates. **ASTM A570 Gr. 36** (sheet) is a closer match. | | **UK (BS)** | **BS 4360: 43A / BS EN 10025-2: S235JR** | 43A was the historical BS equivalent. | | **Germany (DIN)** | **DIN EN 10025-2: S235JR** | Direct adoption of the EN standard. | | **Japan (JIS)** | **JIS G3101: SS330** | Similar yield strength (215 MPa min). **JIS G3131: SPHC** is a hot-rolled steel for forming. | | **China (GB)** | **GB/T 700: Q235A** | Nearly identical in mechanical properties and common use. Q235B requires impact test. | ### **Selection Guide within EN 10025 S235 Family:** | Grade | Impact Test Temp (Mandatory) | Key Application for t < 16 mm | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **S235JR (1.0037)** | **Not Mandatory** | **Default choice for general structural work** where guaranteed impact toughness is not a design requirement (e.g., indoor structures, non-dynamic loads). | | **S235J0 (1.0038)** | **0°C** | For structures in cooler climates (e.g., Central European winters). | | **S235J2 (1.0116)** | **-20°C** | For cold climate applications or where enhanced toughness is specified. | | **S235JRG2 (1.0036)** | **+20°C** | Used where room-temperature impact energy is a mandatory design parameter. | --- ## **7. ADVANTAGES & DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS** ### **Advantages (for t < 16 mm):** - **Unmatched Cost & Availability:** The most economical structural steel with global availability in all common forms. - **Superior Fabricability:** Optimal balance of strength and ductility makes it the easiest structural steel to cut, bend, and weld. - **Simplified Specification:** No mandatory impact testing reduces cost and complexity for non-critical applications. - **Predictable Performance:** Decades of use have established its reliable behavior in service. ### **Limitations & Design Checks:** - **No Guaranteed Toughness:** For t < 16 mm, impact properties are not certified. **Not suitable** for dynamically loaded structures, low-temperature service, or applications where brittle fracture is a concern without additional testing/qualification. - **Corrosion:** Requires protective coating (paint, galvanizing) for long-term durability. - **Strength Limit:** For highly loaded, weight-critical applications, higher-strength steels (S355, S460) may be more efficient despite higher material cost. - **Thermal Effects:** Loses strength at temperatures above ~300°C; not for sustained high-temperature service. **Conclusion:** **EN 1.0037 (S235JR) in thicknesses below 16 mm** is the **universal default material** for general steel fabrication. Its high manganese content ensures it performs reliably where basic strength, easy forming, and straightforward welding are the primary requirements. For the vast majority of static, indoor, or benign-environment structures—from building frames to machine bases—it represents the optimal combination of performance, workability, and economy. When in doubt for a non-critical application in this thickness range, S235JR is very often the correct and most practical choice. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: EN 1.0037 High Manganese Carbon Steel, t < 16 mm Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <5783 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: EN 1.0037 High Manganese Carbon Steel, t < 16 mm Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of EN 1.0037 High Manganese Carbon Steel Flange, t < 16 mm -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers EN 1.0037 High Manganese Carbon Steel Flange, t < 16 mm -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of EN 1.0037 High Manganese Carbon Steel Flange, t < 16 mm -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Flange drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 2254 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition