EN 1.0045 High Manganese Carbon Steel Flange

1,We Manufacturing processes are primarily classified into four types: 1:Forging, 2:Casting, 3:Cutting, 4:Rolling. 2,We can manufacture in accordance with these standards. Standards: GB Series (Chinese Standards), JB Series (Machinery Standards), HG Series (Chemical Industry Standards), ASME B16.5 (American Standards), BS4504 (British Standards), DIN (German Standards), and JIS (Japanese Standards). Internationally, there are two primary systems of pipe flange standards: the European system, represented by the German DIN standards (including those of the former Soviet Union), and the American system, represented by the US ANSI pipe flange standards. Other common standards include: the Chinese Ministry of Machinery Industry standards (JB series), the Ministry of Chemical Industry standards (HG series), the Chinese National Standard *GB/T 9112–9124-2010 Steel Pipe Flanges*, as well as US standards (ASME B16.5), British standards (BS4504), German standards (DIN), Japanese standards (JIS), and marine standards (CBM), among others. The nominal pressure ratings for the PN series are designated by "PN" and comprise the following nine levels: PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63, PN100, and PN160. The nominal pressure ratings for the Class series are designated by "Class" and comprise the following six levels: Class150, Class300, Class600, Class900, Class1500, and Class2500. Flange Classification 1. **According to Chemical Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange (PL), Necked Flat Welding Flange (SO), Necked Butt Welding Flange (WN), Integral Flange (IF), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Threaded Flange (Th), Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/SE), Blind Flange (BL), Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/PJ), and Lined Blind Flange (BL(s)). 2. **According to Petrochemical (SH) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Threaded Flange (PL), Butt Welding Flange (WN), Flat Welding Flange (SO), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Loose Flange (LJ), and Blind Flange (no specific designation). 3. **According to Machinery (JB) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Integral Flange, Butt Welding Flange, Plate Flat Welding Flange, Butt Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Lap Joint Ring Plate Loose Flange, and Blind Flange. 4. **According to Connection Method/Type:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange, Necked Flat Welding Flange, Necked Butt Welding Flange, Socket Welding Flange, Threaded Flange, Blind Flange, Necked Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange, Ring-Type Joint (RTJ) Flange and Blind Flange, Large-Diameter Plate Flange, Large-Diameter High-Neck Flange, Figure-8 Blind Plate, Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, etc. 5. **According to the Component Being Connected:** Flanges can be classified into Vessel Flanges and Pipe Flanges. 6. **According to Structural Type:** Flanges include Integral Flanges, Threaded Flanges, Flat Welding Flanges, Butt Welding Flanges, Lap Joint (Loose/Swivel) Flanges, and Blind Flanges. A flange—also referred to as a flange plate or rim—is a component used to connect shafts to one another, or, more commonly, to join the ends of pipes. Flanges are also utilized at the inlet and outlet ports of equipment to facilitate connections between two devices—for instance, the flange on a speed reducer. A "flange connection" or "flanged joint" refers to a detachable joint assembly comprising three interconnected elements—a flange, a gasket, and bolts—that together form a sealed structural unit. In the context of piping systems, a "pipe flange" specifically denotes a flange used for plumbing within the installation; when applied to equipment, it refers to the inlet or outlet flange of that specific device. Flanges feature a series of holes through which bolts are inserted to securely fasten the two flanges together, while a gasket placed between the flanges ensures a leak-proof seal. Flanges are broadly categorized into three types: threaded (screw-in) flanges, welded flanges, and clamp-type flanges. Flanges are invariably used in pairs; threaded flanges are suitable for low-pressure piping applications, whereas welded flanges are required for systems operating at pressures exceeding 4 kilograms per square centimeter. A sealing gasket is inserted between the two flange plates, which are then firmly secured using bolts. The thickness of a flange—as well as the specifications of the bolts used to fasten it—vary depending on the specific pressure rating required for the application. When connecting equipment such as water pumps or valves to piping systems, the corresponding connection points on these devices are often manufactured in the shape of a matching flange; this method of attachment is also referred to as a "flange connection." Generally, any connecting component that utilizes bolts to join and seal the perimeters of two flat surfaces—such as the joints in ventilation ducts—is termed a "flange"; such components may collectively be classified as "flange-type parts." However, since such a connection often constitutes merely a *portion* of a larger device—for instance, the interface between a flange and a water pump—it would be inappropriate to classify the entire water pump itself as a "flange-type part." Conversely, smaller components—such as valves—that feature such flanged interfaces may indeed be appropriately categorized as "flange-type parts." -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: EN 1.0045 High Manganese Carbon Steel Flange Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: EN 1.0045 High Manganese Carbon Steel Flange Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

EN 1.0045 High Manganese Carbon Steel Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **Technical Datasheet: EN 1.0045 (S275J2) High Manganese Carbon Steel** ## **1. PRODUCT OVERVIEW** **EN 1.0045**, commercially designated **S275J2**, is a **high manganese, fine-grained structural steel** specifically engineered for demanding applications requiring **enhanced low-temperature toughness**. As part of the European EN 10025 standard series, this grade offers the same minimum yield strength as S275J0 (275 MPa) but with superior impact properties, guaranteed through mandatory **Charpy V-notch testing at -20°C**. This makes it particularly suitable for **structural applications in cold climates** or for components subject to **dynamic loading** where brittle fracture resistance is critical. The steel achieves its performance through a **carefully balanced manganese-to-carbon ratio** combined with **aluminum-killed deoxidation** and controlled rolling practices. The "J2" designation represents the highest toughness classification within the S275 category, providing engineers with a reliable material choice for safety-critical structures exposed to sub-zero temperatures. Typically supplied in **normalized (N) or thermomechanically rolled (M)** conditions, S275J2 exhibits excellent through-thickness consistency and predictable fabrication characteristics. **Key Characteristics:** - **Enhanced Low-Temperature Toughness:** Guaranteed 27J minimum impact energy at -20°C - **Maintained Strength:** 275 MPa minimum yield strength (t ≤ 16 mm) - **Superior Fracture Resistance:** Excellent resistance to brittle fracture initiation - **Cold Climate Suitability:** Designed for service temperatures down to approximately -30°C - **Fabrication Friendly:** Good weldability and formability despite enhanced toughness --- ## **2. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION** **Compliance:** EN 10025-2:2019 - Hot rolled products of structural steels | Element | Maximum (%) | Typical Range (%) | Metallurgical Function & Control Importance | |---------|------------|------------------|---------------------------------------------| | **Carbon (C)** | **0.20** | 0.12-0.16 | Deliberately controlled at lower range to optimize toughness; reduced maximum vs S275J0 | | **Manganese (Mn)** | **1.50** | 1.25-1.45 | **Primary toughening element**; higher Mn:C ratio enhances low-temperature performance | | **Phosphorus (P)** | **0.030** | ≤0.020 | Tighter control than standard grades to prevent cold shortness | | **Sulfur (S)** | **0.030** | ≤0.015 | Reduced maximum to minimize sulfide inclusions and improve through-thickness properties | | **Silicon (Si)** | **0.55** | 0.25-0.40 | Deoxidizer; contributes to strength while maintaining toughness | | **Nitrogen (N)** | **0.012** | ≤0.008 | Tightly controlled to prevent strain aging embrittlement | | **Aluminum, total (Alt)** | — | **0.025-0.060** | Enhanced minimum for superior grain refinement; typically 0.030-0.050% | | **Microalloying Elements** | As agreed | Nb: 0.005-0.030
V: 0.005-0.010 | Optional additions for grain refinement in TMCP condition | | **Copper (Cu)** *optional* | 0.55 | 0.20-0.35 | May be specified for weathering resistance (S275J2W variant) | | **Iron (Fe)** | Balance | Balance | Base metal | **Critical Chemical Parameters for Enhanced Toughness:** - **Carbon Equivalent (CEV):** 0.35-0.40% (typically lower than S275J0 for improved weldability) - **Cracking Parameter (Pcm):** 0.19-0.23% - **Deoxidation Practice:** Fully aluminum-killed with possible calcium treatment for sulfide shape control - **Grain Size Control:** Guaranteed fine-grained structure (ASTM 8 or finer) - **Impurity Control:** Reduced S and P maxima compared to J0 grade --- ## **3. PHYSICAL & MECHANICAL PROPERTIES** ### **A. Physical Properties (Typical):** - **Density:** 7.85 g/cm³ - **Modulus of Elasticity (E):** 210 GPa - **Shear Modulus (G):** 81 GPa - **Poisson's Ratio (ν):** 0.30 - **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion:** 11.8 × 10⁻⁶/K (20-100°C) - **Thermal Conductivity:** 49 W/(m·K) at 20°C - **Specific Heat Capacity:** 450 J/(kg·K) - **Electrical Resistivity:** 0.16 μΩ·m - **Magnetic Properties:** Ferromagnetic ### **B. Standard Mechanical Properties (EN 10025-2):** *Minimum values for nominal thickness t ≤ 16 mm* | Property | Symbol | Minimum Value | Test Standard | Special Requirements | |----------|--------|---------------|---------------|----------------------| | **Yield Strength** | ReH | **275 MPa** | EN ISO 6892-1 | Upper yield strength or Rp0.2 | | **Tensile Strength** | Rm | **370-530 MPa** | EN ISO 6892-1 | Must fall within specified range | | **Minimum Elongation** | A₅ | **22%** | EN ISO 6892-1 | For t ≤ 40 mm; Lo=5.65√So | | **Impact Energy (-20°C)** | KV | **27 J** | EN ISO 148-1 | Charpy V-notch, longitudinal | ### **C. Thickness-Dependent Property Adjustments:** | Thickness Range (mm) | Yield Strength Min (MPa) | Tensile Strength Range (MPa) | Impact Test Temperature | |----------------------|--------------------------|------------------------------|--------------------------| | **t ≤ 16** | 275 | 370-530 | -20°C | | **16 < t ≤ 40** | 265 | 370-530 | -20°C | | **40 < t ≤ 63** | 255 | 360-520 | -20°C | | **63 < t ≤ 80** | 245 | 360-520 | -20°C | | **80 < t ≤ 100** | 235 | 350-510 | -20°C | ### **D. Typical Achieved Properties (t ≤ 40 mm):** | Property | Typical Range | Average | Performance Significance | |----------|---------------|---------|--------------------------| | **Yield Strength** | 290-340 MPa | 315 MPa | Consistent 10-25% safety margin | | **Tensile Strength** | 400-470 MPa | 435 MPa | Optimal strength-toughness balance | | **Elongation (A₅)** | 24-32% | 28% | Excellent ductility maintained | | **Impact Energy (-20°C)** | 40-100 J | 65 J | Substantial toughness reserve | | **Hardness (HB)** | 130-150 | 140 | Suitable for most machining | | **Ductile-Brittle Transition** | -40°C to -60°C | -50°C | Excellent low-temperature performance | | **Fracture Toughness (K₁c)** | 80-120 MPa√m | 100 MPa√m | At -20°C | ### **E. Special Toughness Characteristics:** - **Through-Thickness Toughness:** Minimal degradation at centerline compared to standard grades - **Notch Toughness:** Superior resistance to crack initiation at stress concentrators - **Weld HAZ Toughness:** Good retention with proper welding procedures - **Fatigue Performance:** Enhanced fatigue crack initiation resistance in cold environments --- ## **4. FABRICATION & PROCESSING** ### **A. Forming & Cutting Operations:** - **Cold Bending:** Minimum inside radius = **1.0 × t** (parallel to rolling), **1.5 × t** (perpendicular) - **Roll Forming:** Excellent for structural sections despite enhanced strength - **Cutting Methods:** - **Plasma/Laser:** Recommended for precision work; excellent edge quality - **Oxy-fuel:** Requires careful parameter control; preheat may be beneficial - **Waterjet:** Ideal for complex shapes without thermal effects - **Mechanical:** Band saws with appropriate tooth pitch and feed rates ### **B. Welding Procedures (Critical for Toughness Retention):** **General Requirements:** - **Preheating:** 50-100°C for t > 25 mm or highly restrained joints - **Interpass Temperature:** Maximum 200°C - **Heat Input Control:** 0.8-2.2 kJ/mm optimal for HAZ toughness - **Post-Weld Cooling:** Controlled cooling recommended for critical applications **Recommended Welding Consumables:** | Process | Consumable (EN ISO) | Toughness Classification | Notes | |---------|---------------------|--------------------------|-------| | **SMAW** | E 42 5 R C 12 | 47J at -30°C | Basic coated for low-temp applications | | **GMAW** | G 46 7 M G3Si1 | 47J at -40°C | Requires shielding gas optimization | | **FCAW** | T 46 4 P C 1 H10 | 47J at -40°C | Self-shielded for outdoor work | | **SAW** | S 46 6 + basic flux | 47J at -30°C | For thick-section welding | **Welding Procedure Essentials:** - **Procedure Qualification:** Mandatory for critical applications - **Consumable Selection:** Must match or exceed base metal toughness - **Heat Input Limits:** Upper limit typically 2.5 kJ/mm to prevent HAZ embrittlement - **Post-Weld Treatment:** Stress relief at 580-620°C if required for highly restrained joints ### **C. Machining Parameters:** - **Turning:** 90-140 m/min, feed 0.2-0.35 mm/rev - **Milling:** 70-110 m/min, feed 0.1-0.25 mm/tooth - **Drilling:** 20-35 m/min with regular pecking - **Surface Finish:** Ra 3.2-6.3 μm achievable with proper techniques --- ## **5. TYPICAL APPLICATIONS** ### **A. Cold Climate Construction:** - **Arctic & Subarctic Structures:** Industrial buildings, warehouses, and facilities in Northern Europe, Canada, Russia - **Mountain Region Infrastructure:** Ski resort structures, mountain shelters, cable car supports - **Winter Sports Facilities:** Ice rink structures, ski jump supports, bobsled tracks - **Cold Storage Facilities:** Refrigerated warehouses, food processing plants ### **B. Infrastructure & Transportation:** - **Cold Region Bridges:** Highway and railway bridges in areas with severe winters - **Offshore Structures:** Secondary structures in cold marine environments - **Wind Energy:** Tower sections and foundations for cold climate installations - **Railway Infrastructure:** Switch components, signal gantries exposed to winter conditions ### **C. Heavy Industry & Equipment:** - **Mining in Cold Regions:** Equipment supports, headframes, processing plants - **Oil & Gas:** Arctic exploration equipment, pipeline supports, processing modules - **Heavy Machinery:** Excavators, cranes, and equipment operating in winter conditions - **Power Generation:** Hydroelectric structures in mountainous regions ### **D. Safety-Critical Structures:** - **Seismic-Resistant Buildings:** In cold climate seismic zones - **Emergency Service Facilities:** Fire stations, hospitals in cold regions - **Evacuation Structures:** Emergency exits, fire escapes exposed to low temperatures - **Public Infrastructure:** Bus shelters, pedestrian bridges in cold climates ### **E. Specialized Applications:** - **Mobile Equipment:** Snow removal vehicles, ice road trucks - **Marine Applications:** Icebreaker components, polar research vessels - **Transportation:** Railway freight cars for cold climate service - **Renewable Energy:** Solar tracker structures in cold environments --- ## **6. INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS & EQUIVALENTS** ### **Primary Designations:** - **EN Standard:** EN 10025-2:2019 - **Material Number:** 1.0045 - **Steel Name:** S275J2 - **Former Designation:** Fe 430 D (EN 10025:1990) ### **Global Equivalents:** | Country/Standard | Equivalent Grade | Impact Test Temperature | Key Comparison Notes | |-----------------|------------------|--------------------------|----------------------| | **ISO** | ISO 630-2: E275D | -20°C | Nearly identical specifications | | **USA (ASTM)** | ASTM A572 Gr. 42 | -18°C (optional) | Similar strength; impact not always required | | **USA (ASTM)** | ASTM A709 Gr. 36 | -18°C | Bridge steel with similar toughness | | **Germany (DIN)** | DIN EN 10025-2: S275J2 | -20°C | Direct adoption | | **UK (BS)** | BS 4360: 50D | -20°C | Historical equivalent | | **Japan (JIS)** | JIS G3106: SM490B | 0°C | Lower toughness requirement | | **China (GB)** | GB/T 1591: Q275D | -20°C | Similar grade in Chinese system | | **Canada** | CSA G40.21 275W | -20°C | Canadian equivalent for cold regions | ### **Comparison within EN 10025 S275 Family:** | Grade | Impact Test Temp | Min Impact Energy | Typical Service Temp Range | Relative Cost Premium | |-------|-----------------|-------------------|----------------------------|----------------------| | **S275JR** | +20°C (optional) | N/A | >+5°C | Base | | **S275J0** | 0°C | 27J | -10°C to +40°C | +5-10% | | **S275J2** | **-20°C** | **27J** | **-30°C to +40°C** | **+15-25%** | | **S275K2** | -20°C | 40J | -40°C to +40°C | +30-40% | --- ## **7. QUALITY ASSURANCE & TESTING** ### **Mandatory Testing (EN 10025-2):** 1. **Tensile Test:** One test per batch of 40 tonnes or less 2. **Impact Test:** One set (3 specimens) at -20°C per batch 3. **Bend Test:** 180° bend with mandrel diameter = 2a (if specified) 4. **Macro Examination:** For heavy sections to check segregation ### **Additional Testing for Critical Applications:** - **Drop-Weight Tear Test (DWTT):** For fracture arrest assessment - **CTOD Testing:** Crack Tip Opening Displacement for fracture mechanics analysis - **Ultrasonic Testing:** Per EN 10160 for internal quality - **Through-Thickness Testing:** Z-direction properties for highly restrained connections ### **Certification Requirements:** - **EN 10204 3.1 Certificate:** Standard delivery with manufacturer's declaration - **3.2 Certificate:** Available with independent third-party inspection - **Full Traceability:** Heat number tracking from melt to finished product - **Test Location Documentation:** Specifies whether tests from head or tail of product --- ## **8. DESIGN & SPECIFICATION CONSIDERATIONS** ### **Advantages:** 1. **Proven Cold Climate Performance:** Extensive track record in arctic and subarctic regions 2. **Safety Margin:** Certified toughness provides reliability in variable winter conditions 3. **Code Compliance:** Meets requirements of Eurocode 3 for structures down to -30°C 4. **Optimized Economics:** More cost-effective than low-alloy steels for many cold-climate applications 5. **Fabrication Consistency:** Predictable behavior during welding and forming ### **Design Limitations:** - **Not for Extreme Conditions:** Not suitable for sustained service below -40°C - **Strength Reduction in Thick Sections:** Yield strength decreases for t > 40 mm - **Welding Complexity:** Requires qualified procedures to maintain HAZ toughness - **Availability:** May have longer lead times than standard grades ### **Specification Best Practices:** ```plaintext EN 10025-2 S275J2+N Thickness: [specify range] Delivery Condition: Normalized (N) or Thermomechanically Rolled (M) Supplementary Requirements: - Impact testing at -20°C with test location specified - Ultrasonic testing EN 10160 Class [specify] - Maximum CEV: 0.40% (if required) - Certification: EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2 ``` ### **Application Selection Guidelines:** 1. **Specify S275J2 when:** - Design temperature ≤ -10°C - Dynamic or impact loading is present - Structure is safety-critical - Located in regions with severe winters 2. **Consider alternatives when:** - Service temperature consistently > 0°C (use S275JR/J0) - Temperature consistently < -30°C (consider S355J2 or alloy steels) - Very thick sections required (strength reduction may be significant) --- ## **9. ENVIRONMENTAL & SUSTAINABILITY** ### **Corrosion Protection:** - **Painting Systems:** Epoxy primers with polyurethane topcoats recommended - **Galvanizing:** Good suitability; may require modified procedures - **Weathering Steel:** S275J2W variant available for atmospheric corrosion resistance ### **Environmental Performance:** - **Recyclability:** >95% recycling rate - **Embodied Carbon:** 1.9-2.2 tCO₂/t (similar to other carbon steels) - **Production Impact:** Lower than alloy steels due to simpler chemistry ### **Life Cycle Considerations:** - **Design Life:** 30-60 years with proper maintenance in cold climates - **Maintenance Intervals:** Similar to other structural steels - **End-of-Life Value:** High due to simple chemistry and easy recycling --- ## **10. TECHNICAL SUMMARY** **EN 1.0045 (S275J2)** represents the **premium toughness variant** within the S275 structural steel family, specifically engineered for **reliable performance in cold climate applications**. Its certified -20°C impact properties provide engineers with confidence in structural integrity under winter conditions, while maintaining the fabricability and economic advantages of carbon-manganese steels. **Market Position & Usage:** S275J2 occupies a specialized but important niche in the structural steel market, representing approximately 5-10% of S275 category usage. Its application is concentrated in: - Northern European construction (Scandinavia, Baltic states, Russia) - Canadian and Northern US infrastructure - Alpine region projects - Specialized industrial applications requiring cold temperature toughness **Industry Trends:** Climate change adaptation and increasing infrastructure development in cold regions are expected to drive growing demand for toughness-guaranteed steels like S275J2. Additionally, the trend toward performance-based design codes favors materials with certified properties over historical prescriptive approaches. **Selection Decision Framework:** - **For moderate cold climates** (-10°C to -25°C design temperature): S275J2 provides optimal balance of performance and cost - **For extremely cold conditions** (< -30°C): Consider S355J2 or microalloyed grades - **For temperate climates with occasional cold snaps:** Evaluate whether S275J0 provides sufficient safety margin - **Always consider:** Local material availability, fabricator experience, total project economics, and lifecycle costs **Final Recommendation:** S275J2 should be specified as the default structural steel for buildings and infrastructure in regions where winter design temperatures regularly fall below -10°C, particularly for safety-critical structures or those subject to dynamic loading. Its enhanced toughness properties provide valuable insurance against brittle fracture at minimal cost premium compared to standard grades. --- **Important Notice:** This technical datasheet provides general information based on standard specifications. For specific projects: 1. Consult the latest edition of EN 10025-2 and applicable national annexes 2. Review actual mill certificates for supplied material 3. Consider project-specific conditions including load patterns, connection details, and maintenance access 4. Engage qualified materials engineers for critical applications 5. Verify local availability and lead times before final specification Properties may vary between manufacturers and production methods. Always confirm critical properties through project-specific testing when applications involve extreme conditions or safety-critical functions. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: EN 1.0045 High Manganese Carbon Steel Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <5788 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: EN 1.0045 High Manganese Carbon Steel Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of EN 1.0045 High Manganese Carbon Steel Flange -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers EN 1.0045 High Manganese Carbon Steel Flange -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of EN 1.0045 High Manganese Carbon Steel Flange -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Flange drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 2259 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition