AISI Type L6 Low Alloy Tool Steel Flange (UNS T61206)

1,We Manufacturing processes are primarily classified into four types: 1:Forging, 2:Casting, 3:Cutting, 4:Rolling. 2,We can manufacture in accordance with these standards. Standards: GB Series (Chinese Standards), JB Series (Machinery Standards), HG Series (Chemical Industry Standards), ASME B16.5 (American Standards), BS4504 (British Standards), DIN (German Standards), and JIS (Japanese Standards). Internationally, there are two primary systems of pipe flange standards: the European system, represented by the German DIN standards (including those of the former Soviet Union), and the American system, represented by the US ANSI pipe flange standards. Other common standards include: the Chinese Ministry of Machinery Industry standards (JB series), the Ministry of Chemical Industry standards (HG series), the Chinese National Standard *GB/T 9112–9124-2010 Steel Pipe Flanges*, as well as US standards (ASME B16.5), British standards (BS4504), German standards (DIN), Japanese standards (JIS), and marine standards (CBM), among others. The nominal pressure ratings for the PN series are designated by "PN" and comprise the following nine levels: PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63, PN100, and PN160. The nominal pressure ratings for the Class series are designated by "Class" and comprise the following six levels: Class150, Class300, Class600, Class900, Class1500, and Class2500. Flange Classification 1. **According to Chemical Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange (PL), Necked Flat Welding Flange (SO), Necked Butt Welding Flange (WN), Integral Flange (IF), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Threaded Flange (Th), Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/SE), Blind Flange (BL), Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/PJ), and Lined Blind Flange (BL(s)). 2. **According to Petrochemical (SH) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Threaded Flange (PL), Butt Welding Flange (WN), Flat Welding Flange (SO), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Loose Flange (LJ), and Blind Flange (no specific designation). 3. **According to Machinery (JB) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Integral Flange, Butt Welding Flange, Plate Flat Welding Flange, Butt Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Lap Joint Ring Plate Loose Flange, and Blind Flange. 4. **According to Connection Method/Type:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange, Necked Flat Welding Flange, Necked Butt Welding Flange, Socket Welding Flange, Threaded Flange, Blind Flange, Necked Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange, Ring-Type Joint (RTJ) Flange and Blind Flange, Large-Diameter Plate Flange, Large-Diameter High-Neck Flange, Figure-8 Blind Plate, Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, etc. 5. **According to the Component Being Connected:** Flanges can be classified into Vessel Flanges and Pipe Flanges. 6. **According to Structural Type:** Flanges include Integral Flanges, Threaded Flanges, Flat Welding Flanges, Butt Welding Flanges, Lap Joint (Loose/Swivel) Flanges, and Blind Flanges. A flange—also referred to as a flange plate or rim—is a component used to connect shafts to one another, or, more commonly, to join the ends of pipes. Flanges are also utilized at the inlet and outlet ports of equipment to facilitate connections between two devices—for instance, the flange on a speed reducer. A "flange connection" or "flanged joint" refers to a detachable joint assembly comprising three interconnected elements—a flange, a gasket, and bolts—that together form a sealed structural unit. In the context of piping systems, a "pipe flange" specifically denotes a flange used for plumbing within the installation; when applied to equipment, it refers to the inlet or outlet flange of that specific device. Flanges feature a series of holes through which bolts are inserted to securely fasten the two flanges together, while a gasket placed between the flanges ensures a leak-proof seal. Flanges are broadly categorized into three types: threaded (screw-in) flanges, welded flanges, and clamp-type flanges. Flanges are invariably used in pairs; threaded flanges are suitable for low-pressure piping applications, whereas welded flanges are required for systems operating at pressures exceeding 4 kilograms per square centimeter. A sealing gasket is inserted between the two flange plates, which are then firmly secured using bolts. The thickness of a flange—as well as the specifications of the bolts used to fasten it—vary depending on the specific pressure rating required for the application. When connecting equipment such as water pumps or valves to piping systems, the corresponding connection points on these devices are often manufactured in the shape of a matching flange; this method of attachment is also referred to as a "flange connection." Generally, any connecting component that utilizes bolts to join and seal the perimeters of two flat surfaces—such as the joints in ventilation ducts—is termed a "flange"; such components may collectively be classified as "flange-type parts." However, since such a connection often constitutes merely a *portion* of a larger device—for instance, the interface between a flange and a water pump—it would be inappropriate to classify the entire water pump itself as a "flange-type part." Conversely, smaller components—such as valves—that feature such flanged interfaces may indeed be appropriately categorized as "flange-type parts." -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI Type L6 Low Alloy Tool Steel Flange (UNS T61206) Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI Type L6 Low Alloy Tool Steel Flange (UNS T61206) Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

AISI Type L6 Low Alloy Tool Steel (UNS T61206) Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **Product Introduction: AISI Type L6 (UNS T61206) High-Toughness Tool Steel** ## **Overview** AISI Type L6 is a **nickel-chromium alloyed** oil-hardening tool steel within the AISI "L-series" (Low-Alloy, Special Purpose). Distinguished by its **significant nickel content (approximately 1.50%)**, L6 offers exceptional **toughness and shock resistance** while maintaining good wear characteristics. This grade is specifically engineered for applications requiring maximum resistance to chipping and fracture under severe impact conditions, making it particularly valuable for cold work tooling subjected to heavy loading. **Key Advantages:** - **Exceptional Toughness:** Superior impact resistance and resistance to brittle fracture - **Good Wear Resistance:** Adequate carbide formation for moderate abrasive conditions - **Deep Hardenability:** Reliable through-hardening in substantial sections via oil quenching - **Minimal Distortion:** Predictable dimensional stability during heat treatment - **Versatile Machinability:** Good machinability in annealed condition **Primary Considerations:** - Lower maximum hardness compared to higher-carbon tool steels - Requires specific tempering protocols to optimize toughness - Higher cost than standard low-alloy tool steels due to nickel content - Best suited for applications where impact resistance is the primary requirement ## **International Designations & Standards** | Standard System | Designation | Note | |----------------|-------------|------| | **AISI/SAE (USA)** | L6 | Primary specification | | **UNS (USA)** | T61206 | Unified numbering system | | **ASTM (USA)** | A681 | Governing material standard | | **DIN (Germany)** | ~1.2713 | Similar nickel-chromium tool steel | | **BS (UK)** | ~**BH21** | Related oil-hardening grade | | **JIS (Japan)** | ~SKS4 | Similar special purpose tool steel | | **ISO (International)** | ~**55NiCrMoV7** | Closest functional equivalent | *Note: AISI L6 is unique among L-series steels due to its nickel content. Exact international equivalents may vary in specific alloy balances.* --- ## **1. Chemical Composition (Typical, Weight %)** The distinctive feature is the significant nickel content, which substantially enhances toughness. | Element | Content (%) | Role & Metallurgical Effect | |---------|-------------|-----------------------------| | **Carbon (C)** | 0.65 - 0.75 | Provides base hardness and strength while maintaining good toughness. Balanced to prevent excessive brittleness. | | **Nickel (Ni)** | 1.25 - 1.75 | **Key alloying element.** Dramatically improves toughness, ductility, and hardenability. Enhances resistance to impact and fatigue. | | **Chromium (Cr)** | 0.60 - 1.00 | Improves hardenability, wear resistance, and provides moderate corrosion resistance. | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.25 - 0.80 | Enhances hardenability and promotes austenite stability during quenching. | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.10 - 0.30 | Deoxidizer, provides solid solution strengthening, improves tempering resistance. | | **Molybdenum (Mo)**| 0.20 - 0.40 (Optional) | When present, enhances hardenability and toughness, particularly in thicker sections. | | **Vanadium (V)** | 0.10 - 0.20 (Optional) | Refines grain size, improves toughness and wear resistance through fine carbide precipitation. | | **Phosphorus (P)** | ≤0.025 | Harmful impurity; kept minimal to prevent temper embrittlement. | | **Sulfur (S)** | ≤0.025 | Impurity; controlled for optimal machinability. | | **Iron (Fe)** | Balance | Matrix element. | **Composition Note:** The nickel content is the defining characteristic that sets L6 apart from other L-series grades and provides its exceptional toughness. --- ## **2. Physical & Mechanical Properties** ### **Physical Properties** | Property | Typical Value | Conditions/Notes | |----------|---------------|------------------| | **Density** | 7.83 - 7.85 g/cm³ | At 20°C (68°F) | | **Melting Range** | 1420 - 1440°C (2588 - 2624°F) | Liquidus to solidus range | | **Thermal Conductivity** | 42 - 46 W/m·K | At 20°C (68°F) | | **Specific Heat Capacity** | 460 - 480 J/kg·K | At 20°C (68°F) | | **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion** | 11.5 - 12.0 × 10⁻⁶/K | 20-200°C (68-392°F) range | | **Electrical Resistivity** | 0.30 - 0.35 μΩ·m | At 20°C (68°F) | | **Elastic Modulus** | 200 - 205 GPa (29.0 - 29.7 × 10⁶ psi) | At room temperature | ### **Mechanical Properties (Heat-Treated Condition)** | Property | Value Range | Heat Treatment Condition | |----------|-------------|--------------------------| | **Hardness (Annealed)** | 183 - 217 HB | Spheroidize annealed, ready for machining | | **Hardness (Hardened)** | 55 - 59 HRC | Oil quenched from 830-860°C, tempered at 200-400°C | | **Tensile Strength** | 1800 - 2000 MPa (261 - 290 ksi) | At 57-59 HRC | | **Yield Strength (0.2% offset)** | 1500 - 1700 MPa (218 - 247 ksi) | At 57-59 HRC | | **Compressive Strength** | 2150 - 2400 MPa (312 - 348 ksi) | At 57-59 HRC | | **Impact Toughness (Charpy)** | 30 - 45 J (22 - 33 ft·lb) | At 57-59 HRC, unnotched – **Exceptional for this hardness level** | | **Fatigue Endurance Limit** | 700 - 800 MPa (102 - 116 ksi) | Rotating bending, 10⁷ cycles | | **Fracture Toughness (K₁c)** | 45 - 60 MPa√m | At 57-59 HRC – **Excellent fracture resistance** | ### **Hardenability Data (Jominy Test Typical)** | Distance from Quenched End (1/16 in) | 1 | 4 | 8 | 12 | 16 | 20 | 24 | |--------------------------------------|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | **Hardness (HRC)** | 59-61 | 58-60 | 57-59 | 56-58 | 55-57 | 54-56 | 53-55 | *Through-hardening capability: Approximately 100-150mm (4-6 inches) diameter in oil quench – excellent for a low-alloy steel.* --- ## **3. Product Applications** ### **Primary Application Areas** **1. High-Impact Tooling:** - Cold chisels and pneumatic hammer tools - Demolition tools and concrete breakers - Blacksmith tools and hot work applications (limited temperature) - Heavy-duty punches and shear blades **2. Forming and Forging Tools:** - Cold heading dies and punches (particularly for high-strength materials) - Swaging dies and mandrels - Extrusion tooling for non-ferrous metals - Bending and forming dies requiring maximum shock resistance **3. Cutting Tools (Severe Service):** - Heavy-duty lathe tools for interrupted cuts - Milling cutters for tough, abrasive materials - Broaches and reamers for hardened steels - Woodworking tools for exotic hardwoods **4. Critical Wear Components:** - Gear blanks and transmission components - Machine tool components (spindles, arbors, collets) - Agricultural and construction equipment parts - Mining and drilling tool components ### **Industry-Specific Applications** | Industry | Typical L6 Components | |----------|-----------------------| | **Metal Stamping** | Heavy-duty punches, forming dies, bolster plates | | **Fastener Manufacturing** | Cold heading dies for high-strength fasteners, thread rolling dies | | **Forging** | Trimming dies, hot snips, die inserts | | **Heavy Machinery** | Wear plates, guide blocks, shear pins | | **Aerospace** | Forming tools for titanium and high-strength alloys | ### **Service Performance Summary** | Service Condition | L6 Performance | Recommended Hardness | |-------------------|----------------|----------------------| | **Severe Impact** | Excellent | 55-57 HRC | | **Impact with Moderate Wear** | Very Good | 57-59 HRC | | **Fatigue Loading** | Excellent | 56-58 HRC | | **Combined Stresses** | Very Good | 56-58 HRC | | **Precision Applications** | Good | 58-59 HRC | --- ## **4. Heat Treatment Guidelines** ### **Annealing (Preparation for Machining)** - **Process:** Full annealing or spheroidize annealing - **Temperature:** 790-810°C (1455-1490°F) - **Cooling:** Slow furnace cool at ≤20°C/hr (≤36°F/hr) to 540°C (1000°F), then air cool - **Resulting Hardness:** 183-217 HB (Brinell) - **Microstructure:** Fine spheroidized carbides in ferrite matrix ### **Hardening (Austenitizing & Quenching)** 1. **Preheating:** Essential for this grade - Stage 1: 400-500°C (750-930°F) - Stage 2: 650-700°C (1200-1290°F) 2. **Austenitizing:** - **Temperature:** 830-860°C (1525-1580°F) - **Soaking Time:** 25-35 minutes per inch of thickness - **Atmosphere:** Neutral or slightly carburizing recommended - **Grain Size:** ASTM 8-10 achievable with proper control 3. **Quenching:** - **Medium:** Warm oil (50-80°C / 120-175°F) - **Agitation:** Moderate agitation for uniform cooling - **Quench to:** 60-80°C (140-175°F) before tempering - **Note:** Can also be quenched in polymer solutions for complex shapes ### **Tempering (Critical for Optimal Toughness)** - **Immediate Tempering:** Required within 1 hour of quenching - **Standard Cycle:** Double tempering strongly recommended - First temper: 200-400°C (400-750°F) for 2+ hours - Second temper: Same temperature, 2+ hours (minimum 1 hour longer than first) - **Temperature-Hardness Relationship:** - 150°C (300°F): 58-60 HRC - 200°C (400°F): 57-59 HRC - 250°C (480°F): 56-58 HRC - 300°C (570°F): 55-57 HRC - 350°C (660°F): 54-56 HRC - 400°C (750°F): 52-54 HRC - 450°C (840°F): 50-52 HRC ### **Special Heat Treatment Options** 1. **Austempering:** Can be austempered for exceptional toughness at lower hardness 2. **Marquenching:** Interrupted oil quenching for minimal distortion 3. **Cryogenic Treatment:** Optional for maximum dimensional stability --- ## **5. Machining & Fabrication** ### **Machinability (Annealed Condition)** - **Relative Machinability:** 65-70% (compared to 1% carbon steel = 100%) - **Recommended Cutting Parameters:** - **Turning:** 40-60 m/min (130-200 SFM) with carbide - **Milling:** 25-40 m/min (80-130 SFM) with carbide - **Drilling:** 15-25 m/min (50-80 SFM) with HSS - **Tool Geometry:** Positive rake angles, sharp cutting edges - **Coolant:** Soluble oil or semi-synthetic recommended ### **Grinding (Hardened Condition)** - **Wheel Selection:** Aluminum oxide (A46-J8-V) or CBN - **Parameters:** Light cuts (0.01-0.03mm/pass) - **Coolant:** Ample flow to prevent thermal damage - **Note:** Grinds well but requires care due to toughness --- ## **6. Comparative Analysis** ### **vs. Other Toughness-Oriented Grades** | Property | L6 | L4 | S7 | 4340 (Alloy Steel) | |----------|----|----|----|-------------------| | **Nickel Content** | High (1.25-1.75%) | None | None | Medium (1.65-2.00%) | | **Toughness at 57 HRC** | Excellent | Good | Excellent | Good | | **Wear Resistance** | Good | Very Good | Fair | Fair | | **Distortion Control** | Very Good | Good | Good | Good | | **Relative Cost** | 1.2x | 1.0x | 1.5x | 0.8x | ### **Application Selection Guide** | Application Priority | Recommended Grade | Rationale | |---------------------|-------------------|-----------| | **Maximum Impact Resistance** | L6 or S7 | L6 for cost, S7 for extreme impact | | **Balance of Wear & Impact** | L4 | Better wear than L6 | | **High Production Wear** | D2 or A2 | Superior wear resistance | | **General Purpose** | O1 or A2 | Cost-effective for most applications | --- ## **7. Technical Recommendations** ### **Design Guidelines** 1. **Section Transitions:** Minimum radius 2mm 2. **Hardness Selection:** Choose based on primary failure mode 3. **Surface Finish:** Critical surfaces 1.6μm Ra or better 4. **Quality Verification:** Require impact testing for critical applications ### **Failure Analysis Indicators** | Failure Mode | Likely Cause | Corrective Action | |--------------|--------------|-------------------| | **Chipping** | Too high hardness | Increase tempering temperature | | **Excessive Wear** | Too low hardness | Lower tempering temperature | | **Fracture** | Design stress risers | Increase radii, improve design | | **Fatigue Failure** | Insufficient toughness | Verify heat treatment, consider L6 | --- ## **Disclaimer** This technical datasheet provides general information about AISI Type L6 tool steel. Actual properties may vary based on: 1. **Manufacturer-specific compositions** 2. **Heat treatment parameters and equipment** 3. **Application conditions and loading** 4. **Design and manufacturing quality** **For critical applications:** - Consult with materials engineering specialists - Conduct application-specific testing - Specify detailed heat treatment requirements - Consider alternative grades for extreme conditions Always refer to current standards and supplier specifications. This information is subject to revision as technology advances. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI Type L6 Low Alloy Tool Steel (UNS T61206) Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <6710 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI Type L6 Low Alloy Tool Steel (UNS T61206) Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of AISI Type L6 Low Alloy Tool Steel Flange (UNS T61206) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers AISI Type L6 Low Alloy Tool Steel Flange (UNS T61206) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of AISI Type L6 Low Alloy Tool Steel Flange (UNS T61206) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Flange drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 3181 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition