AISI Type M48 Molybdenum High Speed Tool Steel Flange (UNS T11348)

1,We Manufacturing processes are primarily classified into four types: 1:Forging, 2:Casting, 3:Cutting, 4:Rolling. 2,We can manufacture in accordance with these standards. Standards: GB Series (Chinese Standards), JB Series (Machinery Standards), HG Series (Chemical Industry Standards), ASME B16.5 (American Standards), BS4504 (British Standards), DIN (German Standards), and JIS (Japanese Standards). Internationally, there are two primary systems of pipe flange standards: the European system, represented by the German DIN standards (including those of the former Soviet Union), and the American system, represented by the US ANSI pipe flange standards. Other common standards include: the Chinese Ministry of Machinery Industry standards (JB series), the Ministry of Chemical Industry standards (HG series), the Chinese National Standard *GB/T 9112–9124-2010 Steel Pipe Flanges*, as well as US standards (ASME B16.5), British standards (BS4504), German standards (DIN), Japanese standards (JIS), and marine standards (CBM), among others. The nominal pressure ratings for the PN series are designated by "PN" and comprise the following nine levels: PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63, PN100, and PN160. The nominal pressure ratings for the Class series are designated by "Class" and comprise the following six levels: Class150, Class300, Class600, Class900, Class1500, and Class2500. Flange Classification 1. **According to Chemical Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange (PL), Necked Flat Welding Flange (SO), Necked Butt Welding Flange (WN), Integral Flange (IF), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Threaded Flange (Th), Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/SE), Blind Flange (BL), Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/PJ), and Lined Blind Flange (BL(s)). 2. **According to Petrochemical (SH) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Threaded Flange (PL), Butt Welding Flange (WN), Flat Welding Flange (SO), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Loose Flange (LJ), and Blind Flange (no specific designation). 3. **According to Machinery (JB) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Integral Flange, Butt Welding Flange, Plate Flat Welding Flange, Butt Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Lap Joint Ring Plate Loose Flange, and Blind Flange. 4. **According to Connection Method/Type:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange, Necked Flat Welding Flange, Necked Butt Welding Flange, Socket Welding Flange, Threaded Flange, Blind Flange, Necked Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange, Ring-Type Joint (RTJ) Flange and Blind Flange, Large-Diameter Plate Flange, Large-Diameter High-Neck Flange, Figure-8 Blind Plate, Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, etc. 5. **According to the Component Being Connected:** Flanges can be classified into Vessel Flanges and Pipe Flanges. 6. **According to Structural Type:** Flanges include Integral Flanges, Threaded Flanges, Flat Welding Flanges, Butt Welding Flanges, Lap Joint (Loose/Swivel) Flanges, and Blind Flanges. A flange—also referred to as a flange plate or rim—is a component used to connect shafts to one another, or, more commonly, to join the ends of pipes. Flanges are also utilized at the inlet and outlet ports of equipment to facilitate connections between two devices—for instance, the flange on a speed reducer. A "flange connection" or "flanged joint" refers to a detachable joint assembly comprising three interconnected elements—a flange, a gasket, and bolts—that together form a sealed structural unit. In the context of piping systems, a "pipe flange" specifically denotes a flange used for plumbing within the installation; when applied to equipment, it refers to the inlet or outlet flange of that specific device. Flanges feature a series of holes through which bolts are inserted to securely fasten the two flanges together, while a gasket placed between the flanges ensures a leak-proof seal. Flanges are broadly categorized into three types: threaded (screw-in) flanges, welded flanges, and clamp-type flanges. Flanges are invariably used in pairs; threaded flanges are suitable for low-pressure piping applications, whereas welded flanges are required for systems operating at pressures exceeding 4 kilograms per square centimeter. A sealing gasket is inserted between the two flange plates, which are then firmly secured using bolts. The thickness of a flange—as well as the specifications of the bolts used to fasten it—vary depending on the specific pressure rating required for the application. When connecting equipment such as water pumps or valves to piping systems, the corresponding connection points on these devices are often manufactured in the shape of a matching flange; this method of attachment is also referred to as a "flange connection." Generally, any connecting component that utilizes bolts to join and seal the perimeters of two flat surfaces—such as the joints in ventilation ducts—is termed a "flange"; such components may collectively be classified as "flange-type parts." However, since such a connection often constitutes merely a *portion* of a larger device—for instance, the interface between a flange and a water pump—it would be inappropriate to classify the entire water pump itself as a "flange-type part." Conversely, smaller components—such as valves—that feature such flanged interfaces may indeed be appropriately categorized as "flange-type parts." -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI Type M48 Molybdenum High Speed Tool Steel Flange (UNS T11348) Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI Type M48 Molybdenum High Speed Tool Steel Flange (UNS T11348) Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

AISI Type M48 Molybdenum High Speed Tool Steel (UNS T11348) Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **Product Introduction: AISI Type M48 Molybdenum High-Speed Tool Steel (UNS T11348)** ## **Overview** **AISI M48 (UNS T11348)** represents the **pinnacle of cobalt-enriched super high-speed steel** technology, engineered for the most extreme machining and cutting applications. Characterized by an **ultra-high carbon and vanadium content** combined with substantial cobalt, M48 delivers the highest commercially available combination of wear resistance and red-hardness among standard molybdenum HSS grades. This steel is specifically designed for applications where both extreme abrasion and elevated temperature performance are non-negotiable, typically where other premium grades like M42 or M46 reach their operational limits. ## **1. Chemical Composition (Nominal %)** | Element | Content (%) | Primary Function | |---------|------------|------------------| | **Carbon (C)** | 1.42 - 1.52 | **Extremely high.** Provides maximum matrix hardness and drives the formation of massive carbide volume. | | **Tungsten (W)** | 9.50 - 10.50 | Primary contributor to hot hardness through solid solution strengthening. | | **Molybdenum (Mo)** | 2.80 - 3.30 | Supports hardenability and secondary hardening; refines grain structure. | | **Chromium (Cr)** | 3.50 - 4.00 | Enhances hardenability and provides moderate oxidation resistance. | | **Vanadium (V)** | **2.80 - 3.20** | **Critical element.** Forms an extremely high volume of hard MC-type vanadium carbides for supreme abrasion resistance. | | **Cobalt (Co)** | **8.00 - 8.75** | **Critical element.** Dramatically elevates red-hardness and tempering resistance by strengthening the ferrite matrix. | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.15 - 0.40 | Deoxidizer during steelmaking. | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.15 - 0.40 | Improves hardenability and acts as a deoxidizer. | | **Sulfur (S)** | ≤ 0.03 | Residual element (controlled for purity). | | **Phosphorus (P)** | ≤ 0.03 | Residual element (controlled for purity). | | **Iron (Fe)** | Balance | Base metal. | **Key Chemistry Note:** M48's formulation is unique among the "M" series. It features a **significantly higher tungsten content** than typical molybdenum-based grades, positioning it closer in concept to the tungsten-based "T" series (like T15), but with molybdenum for grain refinement. The **synergy of ultra-high carbon (C), vanadium (V), and cobalt (Co)** creates a microstructure dense with hard carbides within a thermally stable matrix, making it arguably the most wear-resistant standard HSS grade available. ## **2. Physical & Mechanical Properties** | Property | Typical Value / Condition | |----------|--------------------------| | **Density** | 8.25 - 8.35 g/cm³ (0.298 - 0.301 lb/in³) | | **Melting Point** | ~1410°C (2570°F) | | **Thermal Conductivity** | ~24 W/m·K at 20°C (Very low, characteristic of ultra-high alloy steels) | | **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion** | 10.8 × 10⁻⁶/K (20-400°C) | | **Modulus of Elasticity** | 205-210 GPa (29.7-30.5 × 10⁶ psi) | | **Annealed Hardness** | 265-302 HB | | **Hardened & Tempered Hardness** | **68-70+ HRC** (Routinely achieves 69-70 HRC) | | **Red Hardness** | **Exceptional.** Maintains usable hardness above **650°C (1200°F)**, outperforming nearly all other HSS grades. | | **Abrasion Resistance** | **Unsurpassed among standard HSS grades.** The highest volume of hard vanadium carbides provides extraordinary wear life. | | **Toughness** | **Low.** The high hardness and extensive, coarse carbide network significantly reduce impact resistance. Requires robust, shock-free tool designs. | | **Tempering Temperature Range** | 540-570°C (1005-1060°F), **triple tempering is absolutely mandatory**. | | **Grindability** | **Extremely Poor** (approximately 20-25% relative to M2). Requires specialized abrasives and processes. | ## **3. International Standards & Cross-References** | Standard | Designation | |----------|------------| | **UNS** | T11348 | | **AISI/ASTM (USA)** | M48 (ASTM A600) | | **ISO (International)** | **HS 10-3-2-8** (ISO 4957: Tool steels) | | **DIN (Germany)** | **~1.3265** (Closest equivalent; exact match not standardized) | | **JIS (Japan)** | No direct equivalent. | | **GB (China)** | **W10Mo4Cr4V3Co10** (Approximate functional equivalent) | | **AFNOR (France)** | **HS 10-3-2-8** | ## **4. Product Applications** M48 is reserved for the most demanding applications where tool life and performance justify its high cost and processing challenges. ### **Primary Cutting Applications:** - **Premium solid carbide alternative:** Used in **solid HSS end mills, drills, and reamers** for machining: - **Aerospace superalloys:** Inconel 718, René alloys, Hastelloy, Waspaloy under aggressive parameters. - **High-hardness steels:** Pre-hardened and tool steels (45-55 HRC). - **Abrasive composites:** Carbon-fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP), fiberglass. - **Titanium alloys** under high-speed conditions. - **Complex form tools:** **Gear hobs, broaches, and shaper cutters** for high-volume production of hardened components. - **Severe-duty turning:** **Single-point lathe tools and inserts** (often as brazed tips) for interrupted cutting on exotic materials. ### **Specialized Wear Applications:** - **Cold work tooling:** Punches, dies, and forming rolls for highly abrasive materials (e.g., powder metal compaction, wire drawing). - **Industrial knives:** Slitter knives for abrasive sheet materials, cutting blades for advanced composites. - **Wear parts:** Components in severe abrasive environments where extreme wear resistance is paramount. ### **Performance Context:** M48 is typically the **final HSS grade selection** before moving to carbide or ceramic tooling. It offers superior toughness compared to carbide at similar hardness levels, making it valuable in applications prone to shock or vibration. ## **5. Processing & Heat Treatment Guidelines** ### **Forging (Exercise Extreme Caution):** - Preheat slowly. Forge at **1070-1120°C (1960-2050°F)**. - **Do not forge below 950°C (1740°F).** - Cool **very slowly** in insulating material or furnace immediately after forging. ### **Annealing:** - Heat to **850-870°C (1560-1600°F)**, hold, furnace cool to **500°C (930°F)** at ≤10°C/hour, then air cool. - Expected annealed hardness: 265-302 HB. ### **Hardening (Requires Precise Control):** 1. **Preheat:** **Two-stage preheating is critical:** 500-600°C (930-1110°F), then 800-850°C (1470-1560°F). 2. **Austenitize:** **1190-1210°C (2175-2210°F).** Temperature control within ±5°C is vital to prevent grain growth or insufficient solutioning. 3. **Quench:** In salt bath, vacuum furnace with high-pressure gas quenching (N₂ or Ar), or oil for simple shapes. **Rapid cooling is essential.** ### **Tempering (Most Critical Step for M48):** - **Temper immediately** upon reaching 40-50°C (105-120°F) after quenching. - **Triple temper at 540-560°C (1005-1040°F)** for 2+ hours each cycle. - A **fourth temper** at a slightly higher temperature (570°C) is sometimes used to enhance toughness marginally. - Hardness will slightly increase after the first temper (secondary hardening peak). ## **6. Machinability & Grindability** | Process | Relative Rating | Notes | |---------|----------------|-------| | **Machinability (Annealed)** | 30-35% (M2=100%) | Very difficult; use positive rake tools, low speeds/feeds, ample coolant. | | **Grindability** | **20-25%** | **Extremely difficult.** Diamond or CBN wheels are **strongly recommended**. | | **EDM** | Acceptable | Slow material removal rate; use fine finishes to mitigate recast layer. | **Grinding Protocol:** - **Wheel:** Use resin or metal-bonded **diamond or CBN** wheels. - **Parameters:** Very light infeeds, high wheel speed, copious coolant to prevent thermal damage. - **Dressing:** Frequent dressing is required to maintain a sharp, open wheel face. ## **7. Quality & Metallurgical Considerations** - **Carbide Segregation:** M48 is highly prone to carbide banding due to its high alloy content. **Consumable electrode remelting (ESR or VAR)** is standard for premium quality to ensure uniform carbide distribution. - **Microcleanliness:** Supplied to aerospace-grade cleanliness standards (e.g., AMS 2301, ASTM E45). - **Decarburization:** Always supplied decarb-free for toolmaking. - **Dimensional Stability:** Requires multiple tempers and potential cryogenic treatment between tempers for critical applications to ensure maximum transformation of retained austenite. --- **Disclaimer:** The information provided is for reference and educational purposes. AISI M48 is a specialized, difficult-to-process material. Its successful implementation requires extensive metallurgical expertise, precise heat treatment facilities, and appropriate application engineering. Always consult with the material producer and tool design specialists before specification. Performance and processing data must be validated against the manufacturer's certified technical documentation for the specific lot of material. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI Type M48 Molybdenum High Speed Tool Steel (UNS T11348) Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <6734 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI Type M48 Molybdenum High Speed Tool Steel (UNS T11348) Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of AISI Type M48 Molybdenum High Speed Tool Steel Flange (UNS T11348) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers AISI Type M48 Molybdenum High Speed Tool Steel Flange (UNS T11348) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of AISI Type M48 Molybdenum High Speed Tool Steel Flange (UNS T11348) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Flange drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 3205 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition