Bohler-Uddeholm,IMPAX® P20 Hot Work Tool Steel Flange

1,We Manufacturing processes are primarily classified into four types: 1:Forging, 2:Casting, 3:Cutting, 4:Rolling. 2,We can manufacture in accordance with these standards. Standards: GB Series (Chinese Standards), JB Series (Machinery Standards), HG Series (Chemical Industry Standards), ASME B16.5 (American Standards), BS4504 (British Standards), DIN (German Standards), and JIS (Japanese Standards). Internationally, there are two primary systems of pipe flange standards: the European system, represented by the German DIN standards (including those of the former Soviet Union), and the American system, represented by the US ANSI pipe flange standards. Other common standards include: the Chinese Ministry of Machinery Industry standards (JB series), the Ministry of Chemical Industry standards (HG series), the Chinese National Standard *GB/T 9112–9124-2010 Steel Pipe Flanges*, as well as US standards (ASME B16.5), British standards (BS4504), German standards (DIN), Japanese standards (JIS), and marine standards (CBM), among others. The nominal pressure ratings for the PN series are designated by "PN" and comprise the following nine levels: PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63, PN100, and PN160. The nominal pressure ratings for the Class series are designated by "Class" and comprise the following six levels: Class150, Class300, Class600, Class900, Class1500, and Class2500. Flange Classification 1. **According to Chemical Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange (PL), Necked Flat Welding Flange (SO), Necked Butt Welding Flange (WN), Integral Flange (IF), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Threaded Flange (Th), Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/SE), Blind Flange (BL), Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/PJ), and Lined Blind Flange (BL(s)). 2. **According to Petrochemical (SH) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Threaded Flange (PL), Butt Welding Flange (WN), Flat Welding Flange (SO), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Loose Flange (LJ), and Blind Flange (no specific designation). 3. **According to Machinery (JB) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Integral Flange, Butt Welding Flange, Plate Flat Welding Flange, Butt Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Lap Joint Ring Plate Loose Flange, and Blind Flange. 4. **According to Connection Method/Type:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange, Necked Flat Welding Flange, Necked Butt Welding Flange, Socket Welding Flange, Threaded Flange, Blind Flange, Necked Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange, Ring-Type Joint (RTJ) Flange and Blind Flange, Large-Diameter Plate Flange, Large-Diameter High-Neck Flange, Figure-8 Blind Plate, Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, etc. 5. **According to the Component Being Connected:** Flanges can be classified into Vessel Flanges and Pipe Flanges. 6. **According to Structural Type:** Flanges include Integral Flanges, Threaded Flanges, Flat Welding Flanges, Butt Welding Flanges, Lap Joint (Loose/Swivel) Flanges, and Blind Flanges. A flange—also referred to as a flange plate or rim—is a component used to connect shafts to one another, or, more commonly, to join the ends of pipes. Flanges are also utilized at the inlet and outlet ports of equipment to facilitate connections between two devices—for instance, the flange on a speed reducer. A "flange connection" or "flanged joint" refers to a detachable joint assembly comprising three interconnected elements—a flange, a gasket, and bolts—that together form a sealed structural unit. In the context of piping systems, a "pipe flange" specifically denotes a flange used for plumbing within the installation; when applied to equipment, it refers to the inlet or outlet flange of that specific device. Flanges feature a series of holes through which bolts are inserted to securely fasten the two flanges together, while a gasket placed between the flanges ensures a leak-proof seal. Flanges are broadly categorized into three types: threaded (screw-in) flanges, welded flanges, and clamp-type flanges. Flanges are invariably used in pairs; threaded flanges are suitable for low-pressure piping applications, whereas welded flanges are required for systems operating at pressures exceeding 4 kilograms per square centimeter. A sealing gasket is inserted between the two flange plates, which are then firmly secured using bolts. The thickness of a flange—as well as the specifications of the bolts used to fasten it—vary depending on the specific pressure rating required for the application. When connecting equipment such as water pumps or valves to piping systems, the corresponding connection points on these devices are often manufactured in the shape of a matching flange; this method of attachment is also referred to as a "flange connection." Generally, any connecting component that utilizes bolts to join and seal the perimeters of two flat surfaces—such as the joints in ventilation ducts—is termed a "flange"; such components may collectively be classified as "flange-type parts." However, since such a connection often constitutes merely a *portion* of a larger device—for instance, the interface between a flange and a water pump—it would be inappropriate to classify the entire water pump itself as a "flange-type part." Conversely, smaller components—such as valves—that feature such flanged interfaces may indeed be appropriately categorized as "flange-type parts." -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Bohler-Uddeholm IMPAX® P20 Hot Work Tool Steel Flange Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Bohler-Uddeholm IMPAX® P20 Hot Work Tool Steel Flange Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Bohler-Uddeholm IMPAX® P20 Hot Work Tool Steel Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **Product Datasheet: Böhler-Uddeholm IMPAX® P20 Premium Plastic Mold Steel** ## **Product Overview** **IMPAX® P20** is a **nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloyed plastic mold steel** in the hardened and tempered (pre-hardened) condition, specifically developed for the **manufacture of plastic injection molds and die casting molds**. As part of Böhler-Uddeholm's renowned IMPAX family, this grade offers an excellent balance of **machinability, polishability, and uniform hardness** throughout large cross-sections, eliminating the need for heat treatment by the mold maker and significantly reducing lead times. ## **Key Characteristics & Advantages** - **Pre-Hardened Condition:** Supplied at 290-330 HB (~30-36 HRC), ready for machining - **Excellent Machinability:** Superior cutting performance in its pre-hardened state - **Uniform Hardness:** Consistent properties throughout large block sections - **Good Polishability:** Capable of achieving high-quality surface finishes - **Good Wear Resistance:** Suitable for moderate production runs - **Good Dimensional Stability:** Minimal distortion during machining and operation - **Good Corrosion Resistance:** Superior to standard carbon steels - **Weldability:** Can be welded with proper precautions - **Cost-Effective:** Reduces total mold manufacturing time and cost ## **Standard Specifications & International Designations** | **Standard** | **Designation** | **Notes** | |--------------|-----------------|-----------| | **Böhler-Uddeholm** | **IMPAX® P20** | Pre-hardened mold steel | | **AISI/ASTM** | **P20 Modified** | Enhanced version | | **DIN/EN** | **1.2311 (35CrMo7)** | Equivalent grade | | **JIS** | **PDS5** | Similar classification | | **ISO** | **35CrMo2** | Plastic mold steel | | **UNS** | **T51620** | Corresponding number | | **Condition** | **Hardened & Tempered** | Supplied ready-to-machine | ## **Chemical Composition (Typical, Weight %)** | Element | Content (%) | Primary Function | Benefit | |---------|-------------|------------------|---------| | **Carbon (C)** | 0.35-0.40 | Matrix strength & hardenability | Provides base hardness and strength | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.20-0.40 | Deoxidizer & strengthener | Improves cleanliness and strength | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 1.40-1.60 | Hardenability & strength | Ensures through-hardening in large sections | | **Chromium (Cr)** | 1.80-2.00 | Hardenability & corrosion resistance | Improves hardenability and mild corrosion resistance | | **Molybdenum (Mo)** | 0.15-0.25 | Hardenability & temper resistance | Enhances through-hardening and high-temperature strength | | **Nickel (Ni)** | 0.90-1.10 | **Toughness & hardenability** | **Key element for toughness in pre-hardened state** | | **Sulfur (S)** | ≤0.005 | **Controlled low level** | **Improves polishability and purity** | | **Phosphorus (P)** | ≤0.015 | **Controlled low level** | **Enhances toughness** | | **Iron (Fe)** | **Balance** | Matrix | Structural base | ***Special Note:** The balanced addition of **nickel, chromium, and molybdenum** in IMPAX P20 ensures excellent through-hardening characteristics and toughness in large cross-sections, making it particularly suitable for large mold bases and cores without the risk of soft spots.* ## **Microstructural Characteristics** | Feature | Specification | Benefit | |---------|---------------|---------| | **Structure** | Tempered martensite/bainite | Uniform hardness and good toughness | | **Hardness Uniformity** | ±15 HB within block | Consistent machining and performance | | **Inclusion Control** | Low sulfur, clean steel | Excellent polishability | | **Grain Size** | Fine, uniform | Good mechanical properties | ## **Physical Properties** | Property | Value | Unit | Conditions | |----------|-------|------|------------| | **Density** | 7.85 | g/cm³ | At 20°C | | **Modulus of Elasticity** | 210 | GPa | At 20°C | | **Thermal Expansion Coefficient** | 12.5 | ×10⁻⁶/K | 20-100°C | | **Thermal Conductivity** | 36.0 | W/(m·K) | At 20°C | | **Specific Heat Capacity** | 460 | J/(kg·K) | At 20°C | ## **Mechanical Properties (As-Supplied Pre-Hardened Condition)** ### **Standard Delivery Condition (Hardened & Tempered)** | Property | Value Range | Unit | Test Method | Significance | |----------|-------------|------|-------------|--------------| | **Hardness** | **290-330 HB** | Brinell | ISO 6506 | **Ready for machining** | | **Hardness** | **30-36 HRC** | Rockwell C | ISO 6508 | Equivalent Rockwell | | **Tensile Strength** | 1000-1150 | MPa | ISO 6892 | Good strength level | | **Yield Strength (0.2%)** | 850-950 | MPa | ISO 6892 | Good load capacity | | **Elongation** | 12-15 | % | ISO 6892 | Adequate ductility | | **Reduction of Area** | 45-55 | % | ISO 6892 | Good toughness | | **Impact Toughness (Charpy V)** | 40-60 | J | ISO 148 | Good impact resistance | | **Machinability** | **80-85%** | Relative | - | **Excellent for pre-hard steel** | ### **Hardness Uniformity** | Block Size | Maximum Hardness Variation | Typical Performance | |------------|----------------------------|---------------------| | **Up to 300mm thickness** | ±10 HB | Excellent uniformity | | **300-600mm thickness** | ±15 HB | Very good uniformity | | **600-1000mm thickness** | ±20 HB | Good for large blocks | ## **Primary Applications** ### **A. Plastic Injection Molding (Primary Application)** - **Mold Bases and Plates:** For small to large injection molds - **Cavities and Cores:** For moderate production runs (50,000-500,000 shots) - **Ejector Pins and Sleeves:** Standard components - **Runner Systems:** Hot and cold runners - **Insert Molds:** For multi-cavity applications - **Prototype Molds:** Quick turnaround projects ### **B. Die Casting Applications** - **Zinc Die Casting Molds:** For lower temperature applications - **Aluminum Die Casting (Low Volume):** Prototype or short-run production - **Mold Bases for Hot Work Steel Inserts:** Supporting structures ### **C. Other Applications** - **Fixture and Jig Plates:** For manufacturing fixtures - **Machine Components:** Requiring uniform hardness - **General Tooling:** Where pre-hardened steel is advantageous ## **Processing Guidelines** ### **1. Machining Operations (in Pre-Hardened Condition)** | Operation | Tool Recommendation | Cutting Parameters | Notes | |-----------|---------------------|-------------------|-------| | **Turning** | **Coated carbide** | Vc: 150-250 m/min
f: 0.15-0.35 mm/rev
ap: 2-6 mm | **Excellent machinability** | | **Milling** | **Carbide end mills** | Vc: 180-300 m/min
fz: 0.10-0.25 mm
ae: 30-60% | High material removal rates | | **Drilling** | **HSS or carbide drills** | Vc: 30-50 m/min
f: 0.15-0.30 mm/rev | Standard drilling practices | | **Tapping** | **HSS-E taps** | Vc: 8-15 m/min | Good chip formation | ***Machinability Advantage:** IMPAX P20 exhibits **excellent machinability for a pre-hardened steel**, allowing faster cutting speeds and better surface finishes compared to many similar materials.* ### **2. Grinding and Polishing** - **Grindability:** **Very Good** – responds well to grinding operations - **Surface Finish:** Can achieve **Ra < 0.025 μm** with proper technique - **Polishing:** **Excellent polishability** – suitable for high-gloss surfaces - **Texture Application:** Good substrate for various surface textures ### **3. Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM)** - **Suitability:** **Excellent** – commonly used for mold manufacturing - **Settings:** Standard EDM parameters apply - **Surface Finish:** Good as-edited surface quality - **White Layer:** Minimal with proper settings ### **4. Welding and Repair** - **Weldability:** **Good** (with proper procedure) - **Preheating:** **150-200°C (302-392°F)** recommended - **Electrodes:** **Low-hydrogen electrodes** required - **Post-Weld:** Stress relieve at 550-600°C if possible - **Common Applications:** Mold repair, modification, and adding features ### **5. Surface Treatments** - **Nitriding:** Common for improved wear resistance - **Chrome Plating:** For corrosion resistance and release properties - **Nickel Plating:** Alternative corrosion protection - **PVD Coatings:** For specific wear or release requirements ## **Heat Treatment (If Required)** ### **Optional Hardening (Not Normally Required)** - **Austenitizing:** 840-870°C (1544-1598°F) - **Quenching:** Oil or polymer quench - **Tempering:** 550-650°C (1022-1202°F) to desired hardness - **Final Hardness:** Up to 52 HRC possible ### **Stress Relieving** - **Temperature:** 550-600°C (1022-1112°F) - **Duration:** 2 hours per 100mm thickness - **Application:** After heavy machining or welding ## **Quality Assurance** ### **Material Certification** | Certificate Type | Content | Standard | |------------------|---------|----------| | **3.1 Certificate** | Chemical analysis, mechanical properties | EN 10204 | | **Hardness Report** | Multiple point hardness measurements | Customer request | | **Ultrasonic Test** | Internal soundness verification | Optional | | **Dimensional Report** | As-per-order dimensions | Customer specification | ### **Available Forms and Sizes** | Product Form | Standard Sizes | Hardness Range | Surface Condition | |-------------|---------------|----------------|-------------------| | **Blocks** | Up to 1200×1200×600 mm | 290-330 HB | Decarb-free, rough machined | | **Round Bars** | Ø20-500 mm | 290-330 HB | Peeled or ground | | **Flat Bars** | Various dimensions | 290-330 HB | Ground surfaces | | **Plates** | Thickness 20-300 mm | 290-330 HB | Ground or milled | ## **Comparative Analysis** ### **vs. Standard P20 Grades** | Property | IMPAX P20 | Standard P20 | Advantage | |----------|-----------|--------------|-----------| | **Hardness Uniformity** | **Excellent** | Good-Very Good | **Better consistency** | | **Machinability** | **Excellent** | Good | **Faster machining, better finish** | | **Polishability** | **Excellent** | Good | **Higher quality surfaces** | | **Cleanliness** | **High** | Standard | **Better for polishing** | | **Price** | Premium | Standard | Higher initial cost | ### **Within IMPAX Family Comparison** | Grade | Hardness (HRC) | Primary Application | Key Feature | |-------|----------------|---------------------|-------------| | **IMPAX P20** | 30-36 | General plastic molds | **Best machinability** | | **IMPAX Supreme** | 38-42 | Higher wear resistance | Better polish, harder | | **IMPAX Hi-Hard** | 40-44 | Increased wear needs | Highest as-supplied hardness | ## **Economic Benefits** ### **Cost-Saving Advantages:** 1. **Eliminates Heat Treatment:** No need for customer hardening/tempering 2. **Reduces Lead Time:** Immediate machining possible upon delivery 3. **Minimizes Distortion:** No post-machining heat treatment distortion 4. **Predictable Performance:** Consistent properties batch-to-batch 5. **Lower Total Cost:** Despite higher material cost, often lower total manufacturing cost ### **Return on Investment:** - **Material Cost Premium:** 20-40% over conventional P20 - **Machining Time Reduction:** 15-25% faster machining - **Lead Time Reduction:** 1-3 weeks saved on mold delivery - **Quality Improvement:** Better surface finishes and dimensional accuracy ## **Application Guidelines** ### **Recommended for:** 1. **Medium-volume production molds** (50,000-500,000 shots) 2. **Molds requiring excellent polishability** 3. **Large mold bases** requiring uniform hardness 4. **Projects with tight timelines** 5. **Prototype and development tooling** ### **Consider Alternatives When:** 1. **Very high volume production** (>1,000,000 shots) 2. **Extremely abrasive plastics** (high glass/carbon fiber content) 3. **High-temperature engineering plastics** 4. **Extreme wear conditions** 5. **Cost is primary driver over performance** ### **Best Practices:** 1. **Order with adequate machining allowance** (typically 5-10mm per side) 2. **Use sharp, premium carbide tools** for best results 3. **Implement proper clamping** to avoid distortion during machining 4. **Consider stress relieving** after heavy machining operations 5. **Document machining parameters** for consistency ## **Technical Support** ### **Available from Böhler-Uddeholm:** 1. **Material Selection Guidance:** Application-specific recommendations 2. **Machining Parameter Optimization:** For best productivity 3. **Troubleshooting Support:** For machining or polishing issues 4. **Technical Documentation:** Comprehensive processing guides 5. **Global Availability:** Worldwide distribution network ### **Documentation Provided:** - **Technical Data Sheets:** Complete property information - **Machining Guidelines:** Recommended cutting parameters - **Welding Procedures:** Approved methods for repair - **Application Notes:** Case studies and best practices - **Safety Information:** Handling and processing guidelines --- ## **Critical Notes** ### **Key Advantages Summary:** 1. **Time Savings:** Eliminates heat treatment cycle from mold build timeline 2. **Consistency:** Uniform properties throughout large sections 3. **Machinability:** Exceptional for a pre-hardened material 4. **Polishability:** Suitable for high-gloss plastic parts 5. **Reliability:** Proven performance in thousands of applications ### **Limitations:** 1. **Maximum Hardness Limited:** Not for extreme wear applications 2. **Temperature Limit:** Not suitable for continuous high-temperature service 3. **Cost:** Higher initial material cost than conventional grades 4. **Availability:** May have longer lead times than standard materials ### **Industry Recognition:** - **Widely used** in automotive, consumer goods, and electronics mold making - **Industry standard** for pre-hardened mold steels - **Trusted by mold makers** worldwide for over 30 years - **Consistently high quality** from Böhler-Uddeholm production --- **Disclaimer:** IMPAX P20 is a pre-hardened mold steel designed for specific applications. While it offers significant time savings and performance benefits, proper selection based on application requirements is essential. Consult with Böhler-Uddeholm technical specialists for application-specific recommendations. Machining parameters are guidelines; optimal settings may vary based on specific equipment and conditions. Always follow current technical documentation and safety guidelines. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Bohler-Uddeholm IMPAX® P20 Hot Work Tool Steel Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <6864 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Bohler-Uddeholm IMPAX® P20 Hot Work Tool Steel Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of Bohler-Uddeholm IMPAX® P20 Hot Work Tool Steel Flange -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers Bohler-Uddeholm IMPAX® P20 Hot Work Tool Steel Flange -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of Bohler-Uddeholm IMPAX® P20 Hot Work Tool Steel Flange -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Flange drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 3335 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition