1,We Manufacturing processes are primarily classified into four types:
1:Forging,
2:Casting,
3:Cutting,
4:Rolling.
2,We can manufacture in accordance with these standards.
Standards:
GB Series (Chinese Standards), JB Series (Machinery Standards), HG Series (Chemical Industry Standards), ASME B16.5 (American Standards), BS4504 (British Standards), DIN (German Standards), and JIS (Japanese Standards).
Internationally, there are two primary systems of pipe flange standards: the European system, represented by the German DIN standards (including those of the former Soviet Union), and the American system, represented by the US ANSI pipe flange standards. Other common standards include: the Chinese Ministry of Machinery Industry standards (JB series), the Ministry of Chemical Industry standards (HG series), the Chinese National Standard *GB/T 9112–9124-2010 Steel Pipe Flanges*, as well as US standards (ASME B16.5), British standards (BS4504), German standards (DIN), Japanese standards (JIS), and marine standards (CBM), among others.
The nominal pressure ratings for the PN series are designated by "PN" and comprise the following nine levels: PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63, PN100, and PN160.
The nominal pressure ratings for the Class series are designated by "Class" and comprise the following six levels: Class150, Class300, Class600, Class900, Class1500, and Class2500.
Flange Classification
1. **According to Chemical Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Plate Flat Welding Flange (PL), Necked Flat Welding Flange (SO), Necked Butt Welding Flange (WN), Integral Flange (IF), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Threaded Flange (Th), Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/SE), Blind Flange (BL), Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/PJ), and Lined Blind Flange (BL(s)).
2. **According to Petrochemical (SH) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Threaded Flange (PL), Butt Welding Flange (WN), Flat Welding Flange (SO), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Loose Flange (LJ), and Blind Flange (no specific designation).
3. **According to Machinery (JB) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Integral Flange, Butt Welding Flange, Plate Flat Welding Flange, Butt Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Lap Joint Ring Plate Loose Flange, and Blind Flange.
4. **According to Connection Method/Type:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Plate Flat Welding Flange, Necked Flat Welding Flange, Necked Butt Welding Flange, Socket Welding Flange, Threaded Flange, Blind Flange, Necked Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange, Ring-Type Joint (RTJ) Flange and Blind Flange, Large-Diameter Plate Flange, Large-Diameter High-Neck Flange, Figure-8 Blind Plate, Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, etc.
5. **According to the Component Being Connected:** Flanges can be classified into Vessel Flanges and Pipe Flanges.
6. **According to Structural Type:** Flanges include Integral Flanges, Threaded Flanges, Flat Welding Flanges, Butt Welding Flanges, Lap Joint (Loose/Swivel) Flanges, and Blind Flanges.
A flange—also referred to as a flange plate or rim—is a component used to connect shafts to one another, or, more commonly, to join the ends of pipes. Flanges are also utilized at the inlet and outlet ports of equipment to facilitate connections between two devices—for instance, the flange on a speed reducer. A "flange connection" or "flanged joint" refers to a detachable joint assembly comprising three interconnected elements—a flange, a gasket, and bolts—that together form a sealed structural unit. In the context of piping systems, a "pipe flange" specifically denotes a flange used for plumbing within the installation; when applied to equipment, it refers to the inlet or outlet flange of that specific device. Flanges feature a series of holes through which bolts are inserted to securely fasten the two flanges together, while a gasket placed between the flanges ensures a leak-proof seal. Flanges are broadly categorized into three types: threaded (screw-in) flanges, welded flanges, and clamp-type flanges. Flanges are invariably used in pairs; threaded flanges are suitable for low-pressure piping applications, whereas welded flanges are required for systems operating at pressures exceeding 4 kilograms per square centimeter. A sealing gasket is inserted between the two flange plates, which are then firmly secured using bolts. The thickness of a flange—as well as the specifications of the bolts used to fasten it—vary depending on the specific pressure rating required for the application. When connecting equipment such as water pumps or valves to piping systems, the corresponding connection points on these devices are often manufactured in the shape of a matching flange; this method of attachment is also referred to as a "flange connection." Generally, any connecting component that utilizes bolts to join and seal the perimeters of two flat surfaces—such as the joints in ventilation ducts—is termed a "flange"; such components may collectively be classified as "flange-type parts." However, since such a connection often constitutes merely a *portion* of a larger device—for instance, the interface between a flange and a water pump—it would be inappropriate to classify the entire water pump itself as a "flange-type part." Conversely, smaller components—such as valves—that feature such flanged interfaces may indeed be appropriately categorized as "flange-type parts."
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Schmolz + Bickenbach Formadur® 2311 (P-20 MOD.) Plastic Mold Steel Flange Product Information
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Schmolz + Bickenbach Formadur® 2311 (P-20 MOD.) Plastic Mold Steel Flange Synonyms
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Schmolz + Bickenbach Formadur® 2311 (P-20 MOD.) Plastic Mold Steel Product Information
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# **SCHMOLZ + BICKENBACH Formadur® 2311 (P-20 MOD.) | Premium Modified Plastic Mold Steel**
## **Overview**
SCHMOLZ + BICKENBACH Formadur® 2311 represents an advanced evolution of the classic P20 mold steel, specifically engineered and optimized for high-performance plastic injection molding applications. This modified grade incorporates enhanced alloying elements and undergoes sophisticated metallurgical processing to deliver superior machinability, polishability, and homogeneity compared to standard P20 steels. Formadur® 2311 is pre-hardened, ensuring excellent dimensional stability and eliminating the need for heat treatment in most applications, thereby reducing lead times and manufacturing risks. It is the material of choice for demanding plastic molds requiring exceptional surface finish, intricate details, and reliable production performance.
## **Key Features:**
* **Premium Pre-Hardened Steel:** Supplied at a uniform hardness of approximately 30-34 HRC, ready for machining.
* **Exceptional Homogeneity:** Advanced melting and forging techniques ensure a uniform microstructure free from segregations, crucial for consistent polishing and etching.
* **Superior Machinability:** Optimized composition and microstructure allow for faster machining speeds, improved surface finishes, and extended tool life.
* **Excellent Polishability:** Capable of achieving very high surface finishes (mirror polish), essential for optical parts, automotive lenses, and cosmetic components.
* **Good Wear Resistance:** Suitable for processing standard and engineering plastics, including abrasive filled materials (with moderate filler content).
* **Uniform Hardness Distribution:** Consistent hardness throughout the block cross-section, even in large dimensions.
* **Good Nitriding Response:** Responds well to surface hardening treatments like nitriding for enhanced wear resistance in high-volume production.
* **Excellent Etchability:** Uniform structure allows for high-quality texturing (EDM, photo-etching, laser etching).
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## **Material Specifications: Formadur® 2311 (P-20 MOD.)**
### **1. Chemical Composition (wt%)**
| Element | Content Range (wt%) | Function & Benefit |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **Carbon (C)** | 0.33 - 0.41 | Provides base hardness and strength. |
| **Silicon (Si)** | 0.20 - 0.40 | Deoxidizer, increases strength. |
| **Manganese (Mn)** | 1.30 - 1.60 | Enhances hardenability and strength. |
| **Chromium (Cr)** | 1.80 - 2.10 | Improves hardenability, wear, and corrosion resistance. |
| **Molybdenum (Mo)** | 0.15 - 0.25 | Enhances hardenability, strength, and toughness; refines grain structure. |
| **Nickel (Ni)** | 0.90 - 1.20 | **Key Modifier.** Improves core toughness, hardenability penetration in thick sections, and overall homogeneity. |
| **Sulfur (S)** | ≤ 0.005 | **Very Low.** Minimized to maximize polishability and transverse properties (vs. free-machining variants). |
| **Phosphorus (P)** | ≤ 0.015 | Minimized for improved toughness. |
**Modifications vs. Standard P20 (e.g., AISI P20):**
* **Controlled Nickel Addition:** The defined Ni content (0.9-1.2%) is a key distinction, improving toughness and hardenability uniformity in large blocks.
* **Tighter Chemistry Control:** Tighter tolerances on main elements ensure batch-to-batch consistency.
* **Ultra-Low Sulfur:** Standard grade is supplied with very low sulfur for optimal polishability, unlike free-machining "P20+S" types.
### **2. Physical & Mechanical Properties (As-Delivered, Pre-Hardened)**
| Property | Typical Value | Condition / Test Standard |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **Delivery Hardness** | 300 - 340 HB / 30 - 34 HRC | Brinell (HBW 10/3000) / Rockwell C |
| **Tensile Strength** | 1000 - 1150 MPa | ~ |
| **0.2% Yield Strength** | 850 - 950 MPa | ~ |
| **Elongation A₅** | ≥ 12 % | ~ |
| **Reduction of Area** | ≥ 40 % | ~ |
| **Impact Toughness (ISO-V)** | ≥ 40 J (+20°C) | Charpy V-notch |
| **Modulus of Elasticity** | ~210,000 MPa | ~ |
| **Thermal Conductivity** | ~36 W/m·K (at 20°C) | ~ |
| **Specific Heat Capacity** | ~460 J/kg·K | ~ |
| **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion** | ~11.5 x 10⁻⁶ /K (20-100°C) | ~ |
| **Density** | ~7.85 g/cm³ | ~ |
**Through-Hardening Characteristics:**
* **Hardenability:** Good through-hardening properties due to Ni, Cr, and Mo additions.
* **Maximum Achievable Hardness:** Can be through-hardened to approximately 52-54 HRC if required for specific applications (not typical for plastic molds).
### **3. Machining & Finishing Properties**
| Operation | Performance & Recommendations |
| :--- | :--- |
| **Machinability** | **Excellent.** Can be machined in the pre-hardened state. Higher cutting speeds and feeds than standard P20 are possible. Use positive geometry carbide tools. |
| **Polishing** | **Excellent to Superb.** Capable of achieving SPI #1 (A1) mirror finishes. Progress through 400, 600, 800, 1200 grit, then diamond paste (3µ to 1µ). The homogeneous, low-sulfur structure is key. |
| **Texturing/Etching** | **Excellent.** Provides a uniform, consistent etch for EDM, chemical, or laser texturing. Ideal for grained surfaces (e.g., leather, orange peel). |
| **Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM)** | **Very Good.** Standard EDM and wire EDM perform well. A stress-relief anneal (~550°C) is recommended after rough EDMing to remove the affected "white layer" and associated stresses. |
| **Welding** | **Good.** Pre-heat to 300-400°C. Use low-hydrogen, matching electrodes (e.g., S+B Formadur® 2311 type). Post-weld tempering at 500-550°C is mandatory. |
### **4. Surface Treatments**
* **Nitriding (Gas or Plasma):** Highly effective. Typical case depth: 0.1-0.3 mm. Surface hardness: 650-750 HV. Significantly increases wear resistance against abrasive plastics.
* **Hard Chrome Plating:** Applicable for additional corrosion resistance or mold release improvement.
* **PVD Coatings (TiN, CrN, DLC):** Can be applied to polished surfaces for enhanced wear and anti-sticking properties.
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## **Applicable International Standards & Cross-References**
| Standard | Designation | Note |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **SCHMOLZ + BICKENBACH** | **Formadur® 2311** | Proprietary brand name. |
| **DIN / EN / W-Nr.** | **1.2311** | Common European standard. |
| **ISO 4957** | **35CrMo2** (similar) | The Ni addition makes 1.2311 a distinct, superior grade. |
| **AISI / ASTM** | **P20 Modified** (with Ni) | Not a direct AISI equivalent; the Ni modification places it between P20 and P21. |
| **Uddeholm** | **IMPAX® Supreme** | Similar premium modified P20 grade. |
| **Böhler / voestalpine** | **M201** (M200 Extra) | Similar grade category. |
| **ThyssenKrupp** | **GS-711** (Rohde) | Similar grade category. |
| **Japanese (JIS)** | **PX4, PX5** (similar) | |
| **Chinese (GB)** | **3Cr2Mo** (similar base) | GB 3Cr2Mo is a closer match to standard P20. |
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## **Product Applications**
Formadur® 2311 is specifically designed for **high-quality plastic injection molds and dies**.
**Primary Application Areas:**
* **Injection Molds for Engineering & Standard Plastics:** Molds for ABS, PA, POM, PC, PBT, PP, PE, PS, etc.
* **Molds for Optical Parts:** Lenses, light guides, reflectors requiring SPI A1/A2 mirror finishes.
* **Automotive Interior & Exterior Parts:** Dashboard components, trim, lamp housings, bezels.
* **Consumer Electronics Housings:** Phone cases, computer components, appliance panels.
* **Medical Device Components:** Housings, connectors (for non-implant applications).
* **Houseware & Packaging:** Thin-wall containers, cosmetic cases.
**Typical Mold Components:**
* Cavity and core inserts
* Mold bases and plates
* Ejector housings
* Sliders and lifters
* Hot runner manifolds (for lower-temperature applications)
**Not Recommended For:**
* **Highly abrasive plastics** (e.g., with high glass/ mineral filler content >40%) without surface hardening.
* **Corrosive plastics** (e.g., PVC, flame-retardant grades containing halogens) without protective plating/coating.
* **Hot work tools** like die casting dies.
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## **Processing Guidelines (Summary)**
1. **Material State:** Use as-delivered in pre-hardened condition (30-34 HRC).
2. **Rough Machining:** Remove stock, leaving adequate finish allowance.
3. **Stress Relieving:** Recommended after heavy rough machining or EDM: **550°C for 2 hours per 25mm thickness, slow furnace cool.**
4. **Finish Machining:** Complete to final dimensions.
5. **Polishing/Texturing:** Execute final surface finish.
6. **Surface Treatment (Optional):** Apply nitriding or coating if required.
7. **Assembly:** Fit into mold base.
**Important Note:** For critical applications or complex geometries, consulting the S+B technical datasheet for detailed annealing, hardening, and tempering procedures (if through-hardening is contemplated) is essential.
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**Disclaimer:**
The information provided is based on typical data for SCHMOLZ + BICKENBACH Formadur® 2311. Properties can vary within specification ranges and are influenced by processing conditions. This document is for informational purposes only and does not constitute a guarantee of properties or performance. For critical applications, always consult the official manufacturer's documentation and conduct trials under specific operating conditions.
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Schmolz + Bickenbach Formadur® 2311 (P-20 MOD.) Plastic Mold Steel Specification
Dimensions
Size：
Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <7119 mm
Size:We can customized as required
Standard：
Per your request or drawing
We can customized as required
Properties（Theoretical）
Chemical Composition
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Schmolz + Bickenbach Formadur® 2311 (P-20 MOD.) Plastic Mold Steel Properties
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Applications of Schmolz + Bickenbach Formadur® 2311 (P-20 MOD.) Plastic Mold Steel Flange
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Chemical Identifiers Schmolz + Bickenbach Formadur® 2311 (P-20 MOD.) Plastic Mold Steel Flange
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Packing of Schmolz + Bickenbach Formadur® 2311 (P-20 MOD.) Plastic Mold Steel Flange
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Standard Packing:
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Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Flange drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 3590 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition
