Schmolz + Bickenbach,Formadur® 2316/2316 ESR Plastic Mold Steel Flange

1,We Manufacturing processes are primarily classified into four types: 1:Forging, 2:Casting, 3:Cutting, 4:Rolling. 2,We can manufacture in accordance with these standards. Standards: GB Series (Chinese Standards), JB Series (Machinery Standards), HG Series (Chemical Industry Standards), ASME B16.5 (American Standards), BS4504 (British Standards), DIN (German Standards), and JIS (Japanese Standards). Internationally, there are two primary systems of pipe flange standards: the European system, represented by the German DIN standards (including those of the former Soviet Union), and the American system, represented by the US ANSI pipe flange standards. Other common standards include: the Chinese Ministry of Machinery Industry standards (JB series), the Ministry of Chemical Industry standards (HG series), the Chinese National Standard *GB/T 9112–9124-2010 Steel Pipe Flanges*, as well as US standards (ASME B16.5), British standards (BS4504), German standards (DIN), Japanese standards (JIS), and marine standards (CBM), among others. The nominal pressure ratings for the PN series are designated by "PN" and comprise the following nine levels: PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63, PN100, and PN160. The nominal pressure ratings for the Class series are designated by "Class" and comprise the following six levels: Class150, Class300, Class600, Class900, Class1500, and Class2500. Flange Classification 1. **According to Chemical Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange (PL), Necked Flat Welding Flange (SO), Necked Butt Welding Flange (WN), Integral Flange (IF), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Threaded Flange (Th), Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/SE), Blind Flange (BL), Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/PJ), and Lined Blind Flange (BL(s)). 2. **According to Petrochemical (SH) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Threaded Flange (PL), Butt Welding Flange (WN), Flat Welding Flange (SO), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Loose Flange (LJ), and Blind Flange (no specific designation). 3. **According to Machinery (JB) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Integral Flange, Butt Welding Flange, Plate Flat Welding Flange, Butt Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Lap Joint Ring Plate Loose Flange, and Blind Flange. 4. **According to Connection Method/Type:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange, Necked Flat Welding Flange, Necked Butt Welding Flange, Socket Welding Flange, Threaded Flange, Blind Flange, Necked Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange, Ring-Type Joint (RTJ) Flange and Blind Flange, Large-Diameter Plate Flange, Large-Diameter High-Neck Flange, Figure-8 Blind Plate, Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, etc. 5. **According to the Component Being Connected:** Flanges can be classified into Vessel Flanges and Pipe Flanges. 6. **According to Structural Type:** Flanges include Integral Flanges, Threaded Flanges, Flat Welding Flanges, Butt Welding Flanges, Lap Joint (Loose/Swivel) Flanges, and Blind Flanges. A flange—also referred to as a flange plate or rim—is a component used to connect shafts to one another, or, more commonly, to join the ends of pipes. Flanges are also utilized at the inlet and outlet ports of equipment to facilitate connections between two devices—for instance, the flange on a speed reducer. A "flange connection" or "flanged joint" refers to a detachable joint assembly comprising three interconnected elements—a flange, a gasket, and bolts—that together form a sealed structural unit. In the context of piping systems, a "pipe flange" specifically denotes a flange used for plumbing within the installation; when applied to equipment, it refers to the inlet or outlet flange of that specific device. Flanges feature a series of holes through which bolts are inserted to securely fasten the two flanges together, while a gasket placed between the flanges ensures a leak-proof seal. Flanges are broadly categorized into three types: threaded (screw-in) flanges, welded flanges, and clamp-type flanges. Flanges are invariably used in pairs; threaded flanges are suitable for low-pressure piping applications, whereas welded flanges are required for systems operating at pressures exceeding 4 kilograms per square centimeter. A sealing gasket is inserted between the two flange plates, which are then firmly secured using bolts. The thickness of a flange—as well as the specifications of the bolts used to fasten it—vary depending on the specific pressure rating required for the application. When connecting equipment such as water pumps or valves to piping systems, the corresponding connection points on these devices are often manufactured in the shape of a matching flange; this method of attachment is also referred to as a "flange connection." Generally, any connecting component that utilizes bolts to join and seal the perimeters of two flat surfaces—such as the joints in ventilation ducts—is termed a "flange"; such components may collectively be classified as "flange-type parts." However, since such a connection often constitutes merely a *portion* of a larger device—for instance, the interface between a flange and a water pump—it would be inappropriate to classify the entire water pump itself as a "flange-type part." Conversely, smaller components—such as valves—that feature such flanged interfaces may indeed be appropriately categorized as "flange-type parts." -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Schmolz + Bickenbach Formadur® 2316/2316 ESR Plastic Mold Steel Flange Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Schmolz + Bickenbach Formadur® 2316/2316 ESR Plastic Mold Steel Flange Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Schmolz + Bickenbach Formadur® 2316/2316 ESR Plastic Mold Steel Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **SCHMOLZ + BICKENBACH Formadur® 2316 / 2316 ESR | Premium Corrosion-Resistant Martensitic Stainless Mold Steel** ## **Overview** SCHMOLZ + BICKENBACH **Formadur® 2316** and its enhanced variant **Formadur® 2316 ESR** represent the industry benchmark for high-performance, corrosion-resistant martensitic stainless steels in plastic injection molding. Engineered specifically to withstand corrosive attack from aggressive plastics, acid condensation, and humid workshop environments, this grade offers an optimal balance of **excellent corrosion resistance, very good polishability, and high wear resistance** after hardening. The **ESR (Electroslag Remelted)** version delivers a "Superclean" microstructure with superior homogeneity, isotropy, and polishability, making it the definitive choice for high-end medical, optical, and consumer product molds. ## **Key Features:** * **Superior Corrosion Resistance:** High chromium content (~16%) provides outstanding resistance to pitting and uniform corrosion from PVC, flame-retardant plastics, water vapor, and acidic cooling water. * **Excellent Polishability:** Capable of achieving optical-grade mirror finishes (SPI A1-A2). The **ESR variant** offers flawless, pit-free surfaces due to extreme material purity. * **High Wear Resistance:** Can be hardened to 50-54 HRC, providing excellent resistance to abrasive filled plastics. * **Good Dimensional Stability:** Air-hardening characteristics and controlled heat treatment result in minimal distortion. * **Excellent Homogeneity (ESR):** The ESR refining process eliminates segregation, reduces inclusions to minimal levels, and ensures isotropic mechanical and finishing properties throughout the entire cross-section. * **Good Toughness:** Maintains adequate impact resistance for mold applications even at high hardness levels. * **Pre-hardened Option:** Available in pre-hardened condition (~30-34 HRC) for applications not requiring maximum hardness. --- ## **Material Specifications: Formadur® 2316 / 2316 ESR** ### **1. Chemical Composition (wt%)** | Element | Content Range (wt%) | Function & Benefit | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Carbon (C)** | 0.33 - 0.40 | Provides hardness and wear resistance. Optimized for a balance of hardenability and corrosion resistance. | | **Chromium (Cr)** | 15.00 - 17.00 | **Primary element.** Forms a dense, passive chromium oxide layer for corrosion protection. Contributes significantly to hardenability. | | **Molybdenum (Mo)** | 1.00 - 1.30 | **Critical additive.** Dramatically enhances pitting and crevice corrosion resistance, especially against chlorides. Increases hardenability and strength. | | **Manganese (Mn)** | ≤ 1.00 | Aids in deoxidation and stabilizes austenite. | | **Silicon (Si)** | ≤ 0.40 | Deoxidizer. | | **Vanadium (V)** | ≤ 0.10 (optional) | May be added for grain refinement. | | **Sulfur (S)** | **≤ 0.005** (Standard) / **≤ 0.001** (ESR) | **Extremely low.** Essential for polishability and isotropic properties. ESR has ultra-low levels. | | **Phosphorus (P)** | **≤ 0.025** (Standard) / **≤ 0.015** (ESR) | Minimized to prevent embrittlement. | **Key Distinction of 2316 vs. 1.2083:** The significantly higher **Molybdenum (Mo) content** is the defining difference, providing Formadur® 2316 with substantially better corrosion resistance in chloride-containing environments (e.g., cooling water, PVC processing). **ESR (Electroslag Remelting) Advantage:** * **Inclusion Removal:** Reduces oxide and sulfide inclusions by over 90%. * **Chemical Homogeneity:** Eliminates dendritic segregation. * **Improved Ductility & Toughness:** Enhances transverse properties. * **Superior Surface Finish:** Enables defect-free polishing. ### **2. Physical & Mechanical Properties** #### **Properties in Annealed Condition (for Machining):** | Property | Typical Value | Condition / Notes | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Hardness** | ~230 HB (max) | Annealed, spheroidized condition. | | **Microstructure** | Spheroidized carbides in ferritic matrix | Optimized for machinability. | #### **Properties in Hardened & Tempered Condition:** | Tempering Temperature | Resulting Hardness (HRC) | Tensile Strength (MPa) | 0.2% Yield Strength (MPa) | Charpy Impact (J) | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **180-200°C** | 52 - 54 | 1900 - 2100 | 1700 - 1850 | 14 - 20 | | **250-300°C** | 50 - 52 | 1750 - 1900 | 1550 - 1700 | 18 - 25 | | **350-400°C** | 48 - 50 | 1600 - 1750 | 1400 - 1550 | 22 - 30 | #### **Properties in Pre-hardened Condition (Delivery Option):** * **Hardness:** 290 - 330 HB (29 - 33 HRC) * **Tensile Strength:** ~1000 - 1150 MPa * **Yield Strength:** ~850 - 950 MPa * **Application:** For large mold bases or inserts where corrosion resistance is needed but maximum wear resistance is not critical. #### **General Physical Properties:** * **Density:** ~7.75 g/cm³ * **Thermal Conductivity:** ~24 W/m·K (at 20°C) * **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion:** ~10.5 x 10⁻⁶ /K (20-100°C) * **Modulus of Elasticity:** ~215,000 MPa #### **Corrosion Resistance Data:** * **Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number (PREN):** **~19-21** (PREN = %Cr + 3.3x%Mo + 16x%N). This is significantly higher than 1.2083 (PREN ~13), indicating excellent resistance to pitting. * **Relative Performance:** Offers 3-5 times better corrosion resistance in chloride environments compared to standard 13% Cr steels (1.2083). * **Plastic Compatibility:** Highly resistant to: PVC (hydrochloric acid), flame-retardant ABS/PC (bromine compounds), POM (formic acid), and all common engineering plastics. ### **3. Machining & Finishing Properties** | Operation | Performance & Recommendations | | :--- | :--- | | **Machining (Annealed)** | **Fair to Moderate.** The high alloy content (Cr, Mo) increases strength and work-hardening tendency. Use sharp, wear-resistant carbide tools, rigid setups, moderate speeds, and ample coolant. | | **Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM)** | **Excellent.** Performs very well in both wire and sinker EDM. The **ESR grade** provides exceptionally smooth and consistent EDM surfaces. | | **Grinding** | **Very Good.** Grinds well with proper wheels (aluminum oxide or CBN) and coolant. Avoid excessive heat input to prevent softening or cracking. | | **Polishing** | **Outstanding (ESR) / Excellent (Standard).** The **ESR variant** is capable of the highest **SPI A1 (Mirror) finishes** without pits or defects. The standard grade achieves SPI A2/B1 easily. Progress through fine grits to diamond paste. | | **Texturing (Etching, EDM, Laser)** | **Excellent.** The homogeneous structure of the **ESR grade** allows for the most precise and uniform textures, making it ideal for high-end cosmetic parts. | | **Welding** | **Possible with strict procedures.** Requires high preheat (300-350°C), use of matching or over-alloyed filler (e.g., 316L for root passes), and mandatory post-weld tempering (≥500°C). Best performed by specialists. | --- ## **Applicable International Standards & Cross-References** | Standard | Designation | Note | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **SCHMOLZ + BICKENBACH** | **Formadur® 2316** / **2316 ESR** | Proprietary brand names. | | **DIN / EN / W-Nr.** | **1.2316** | Standard designation. | | **AISI / ASTM** | **420 Modified (with Mo)** / **S42000+Mo** | Not a direct AISI equivalent; the Mo addition makes it proprietary. | | **ISO 4957** | **X36CrMo17** | Closest standard equivalent. | | **Uddeholm** | **STAVAX® ESR** (similar to 1.2083) / **CORRAX®** (pre-hardened, similar) | Note: Uddeholm's primary 16% Cr grade is **POLMAX** for pre-hardened. | | **Böhler / voestalpine** | **M340 ISOBLOC®** / **M333 ISODUR®** | Similar corrosion-resistant grades. | | **ThyssenKrupp** | **GS-316** | Equivalent grade. | | **Japanese (JIS)** | **SUS420J2 Modified** | | | **Chinese (GB)** | **4Cr13Mo** (similar concept) | | --- ## **Heat Treatment Guidelines (for Through-Hardening)** 1. **Soft Annealing:** 780-800°C, slow furnace cool to 650°C, then air cool. Target: ≤ 230 HB. 2. **Stress Relieving (after rough machining):** 600-650°C, 2 hours, slow cool. 3. **Hardening:** * **Preheat:** 550°C and 850°C (dual preheat is recommended). * **Austenitize:** **1000-1020°C.** Use vacuum or controlled atmosphere. Soak time: 20-30 min/25mm. * **Quench:** In **air** (for simple shapes) or **high-pressure gas** (vacuum furnace, preferred for minimal distortion). Oil quenching is possible but increases distortion and cleaning difficulty. 4. **Tempering:** **Immediately after quenching** (at ~50-80°C). Temper between **180-400°C** for at least 2 hours to achieve desired hardness. **Double tempering is strongly recommended** for dimensional stability and stress relief. 5. **Sub-Zero Treatment (Optional):** For maximum dimensional stability and hardness, treat at -80°C to -120°C between tempers. --- ## **Product Applications** Formadur® 2316 is the **material of choice for corrosive plastic injection molds** and components where part appearance, mold longevity, and resistance to chemical attack are critical. **Primary Application Areas:** **A. Molds for Corrosive & Hygroscopic Plastics:** * **Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)** – all types (rigid, flexible). * **Flame-Retardant (FR) Plastics** containing halogenated compounds (Bromine, Chlorine). * **Polyacetals (POM)**, which can degrade to form formic acid. * **Polyamide (PA)** and other engineering plastics in humid environments. **B. High-End Surface Quality Molds:** * **Optical Components:** Lenses, light guides, reflectors (especially **ESR grade**). * **Consumer Electronics:** High-gloss housings for smartphones, laptops, cameras. * **Automotive Lenses & Trim:** Where clarity and finish are paramount. **C. Medical & Food Packaging Molds:** * **Medical Device Housings:** Requires cleanability, corrosion resistance, and smooth surfaces. * **Food Contact Parts:** Resists corrosion from cleaning agents and food acids. **D. General High-Performance Molds:** * **Hot Runner Components** (manifolds, nozzles) for corrosive materials. * **Cavity & Core Inserts** for all the above applications. * **Ejector Sleeves & Pins** in corrosive environments. **Typical Mold Components:** * Cavities and cores * Stripper plates * Inserts * Hot runner system components * Ejector pins and sleeves **Not Recommended For:** * **Extremely abrasive plastics** (e.g., >40% long glass fiber) without protective coatings – consider a high-hardness tool steel like 1.2085 or 1.2344. * **Hot work tooling** like die casting (insufficient high-temperature strength). * **Structural mold bases** where pre-hardened P20-type steels are more cost-effective (unless in a highly corrosive factory environment). --- ## **Selection Guide: 2316 ESR vs. Standard 2316 vs. 1.2083** | Criterion | **Formadur® 2316 ESR** | **Formadur® 2316 (Std)** | **Formadur® 2083 (1.2083)** | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Corrosion Resistance** | **Excellent (Best)** | **Excellent** | Very Good | | **Polishability (Max Finish)** | **SPI A1 (Optical)** | SPI A2 | SPI A2/B1 | | **Texture Uniformity** | **Excellent** | Very Good | Good | | **Homogeneity/Isotropy** | **Excellent (ESR)** | Good | Good (Very Good if ESR) | | **Cost** | Highest | High | Moderate | | **Best For** | Medical optics, luxury goods, flawless textures | General corrosive plastics, high-gloss parts | Moderately corrosive plastics, good polish needed | --- **Disclaimer:** The information provided is based on typical data for SCHMOLZ + BICKENBACH Formadur® 2316 steels. Properties can vary within specification ranges and are highly dependent on proper heat treatment. This document is for informational purposes only and does not constitute a guarantee. For critical applications, especially when specifying the **ESR** quality, always consult the official manufacturer's documentation. The superior performance of the ESR variant justifies its premium for applications where surface perfection is non-negotiable. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Schmolz + Bickenbach Formadur® 2316/2316 ESR Plastic Mold Steel Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <7126 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Schmolz + Bickenbach Formadur® 2316/2316 ESR Plastic Mold Steel Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of Schmolz + Bickenbach Formadur® 2316/2316 ESR Plastic Mold Steel Flange -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers Schmolz + Bickenbach Formadur® 2316/2316 ESR Plastic Mold Steel Flange -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of Schmolz + Bickenbach Formadur® 2316/2316 ESR Plastic Mold Steel Flange -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Flange drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 3597 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition