Schmolz + Bickenbach,Cryodur® 2990 Cold Work Die Steel Flange

1,We Manufacturing processes are primarily classified into four types: 1:Forging, 2:Casting, 3:Cutting, 4:Rolling. 2,We can manufacture in accordance with these standards. Standards: GB Series (Chinese Standards), JB Series (Machinery Standards), HG Series (Chemical Industry Standards), ASME B16.5 (American Standards), BS4504 (British Standards), DIN (German Standards), and JIS (Japanese Standards). Internationally, there are two primary systems of pipe flange standards: the European system, represented by the German DIN standards (including those of the former Soviet Union), and the American system, represented by the US ANSI pipe flange standards. Other common standards include: the Chinese Ministry of Machinery Industry standards (JB series), the Ministry of Chemical Industry standards (HG series), the Chinese National Standard *GB/T 9112–9124-2010 Steel Pipe Flanges*, as well as US standards (ASME B16.5), British standards (BS4504), German standards (DIN), Japanese standards (JIS), and marine standards (CBM), among others. The nominal pressure ratings for the PN series are designated by "PN" and comprise the following nine levels: PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63, PN100, and PN160. The nominal pressure ratings for the Class series are designated by "Class" and comprise the following six levels: Class150, Class300, Class600, Class900, Class1500, and Class2500. Flange Classification 1. **According to Chemical Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange (PL), Necked Flat Welding Flange (SO), Necked Butt Welding Flange (WN), Integral Flange (IF), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Threaded Flange (Th), Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/SE), Blind Flange (BL), Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/PJ), and Lined Blind Flange (BL(s)). 2. **According to Petrochemical (SH) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Threaded Flange (PL), Butt Welding Flange (WN), Flat Welding Flange (SO), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Loose Flange (LJ), and Blind Flange (no specific designation). 3. **According to Machinery (JB) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Integral Flange, Butt Welding Flange, Plate Flat Welding Flange, Butt Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Lap Joint Ring Plate Loose Flange, and Blind Flange. 4. **According to Connection Method/Type:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange, Necked Flat Welding Flange, Necked Butt Welding Flange, Socket Welding Flange, Threaded Flange, Blind Flange, Necked Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange, Ring-Type Joint (RTJ) Flange and Blind Flange, Large-Diameter Plate Flange, Large-Diameter High-Neck Flange, Figure-8 Blind Plate, Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, etc. 5. **According to the Component Being Connected:** Flanges can be classified into Vessel Flanges and Pipe Flanges. 6. **According to Structural Type:** Flanges include Integral Flanges, Threaded Flanges, Flat Welding Flanges, Butt Welding Flanges, Lap Joint (Loose/Swivel) Flanges, and Blind Flanges. A flange—also referred to as a flange plate or rim—is a component used to connect shafts to one another, or, more commonly, to join the ends of pipes. Flanges are also utilized at the inlet and outlet ports of equipment to facilitate connections between two devices—for instance, the flange on a speed reducer. A "flange connection" or "flanged joint" refers to a detachable joint assembly comprising three interconnected elements—a flange, a gasket, and bolts—that together form a sealed structural unit. In the context of piping systems, a "pipe flange" specifically denotes a flange used for plumbing within the installation; when applied to equipment, it refers to the inlet or outlet flange of that specific device. Flanges feature a series of holes through which bolts are inserted to securely fasten the two flanges together, while a gasket placed between the flanges ensures a leak-proof seal. Flanges are broadly categorized into three types: threaded (screw-in) flanges, welded flanges, and clamp-type flanges. Flanges are invariably used in pairs; threaded flanges are suitable for low-pressure piping applications, whereas welded flanges are required for systems operating at pressures exceeding 4 kilograms per square centimeter. A sealing gasket is inserted between the two flange plates, which are then firmly secured using bolts. The thickness of a flange—as well as the specifications of the bolts used to fasten it—vary depending on the specific pressure rating required for the application. When connecting equipment such as water pumps or valves to piping systems, the corresponding connection points on these devices are often manufactured in the shape of a matching flange; this method of attachment is also referred to as a "flange connection." Generally, any connecting component that utilizes bolts to join and seal the perimeters of two flat surfaces—such as the joints in ventilation ducts—is termed a "flange"; such components may collectively be classified as "flange-type parts." However, since such a connection often constitutes merely a *portion* of a larger device—for instance, the interface between a flange and a water pump—it would be inappropriate to classify the entire water pump itself as a "flange-type part." Conversely, smaller components—such as valves—that feature such flanged interfaces may indeed be appropriately categorized as "flange-type parts." -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Schmolz + Bickenbach Cryodur® 2990 Cold Work Die Steel Flange Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Schmolz + Bickenbach Cryodur® 2990 Cold Work Die Steel Flange Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Schmolz + Bickenbach Cryodur® 2990 Cold Work Die Steel Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **Schmolz + Bickenbach Cryodur® 2990 - Premium High-Speed Type Cold Work Tool Steel** ## **Product Overview** Cryodur® 2990 represents a premium-grade, **high-carbon high-vanadium cold work tool steel** developed by Schmolz + Bickenbach for the most demanding wear-resistant applications. This steel combines the exceptional wear resistance of high-speed steels with the dimensional stability of cold work grades, making it ideal for extreme abrasion conditions where conventional D2/A2 steels prove inadequate. Characterized by its **outstanding abrasive wear resistance** and **high compressive strength**, Cryodur® 2990 is the material of choice for long-run production tools in abrasive materials. ## **Key Characteristics & Advantages** * **Exceptional Wear Resistance:** Superior to conventional D2 and A2 steels due to high volume of hard vanadium carbides * **High Compressive Strength:** Maintains dimensional stability under extreme pressure * **Good Red Hardness:** Retains hardness at elevated temperatures better than standard cold work steels * **Moderate Toughness:** Balanced composition provides adequate toughness for high-wear applications * **Excellent Grindability:** Despite high hardness, offers good grinding characteristics * **Dimensional Stability:** Air-hardening properties minimize distortion during heat treatment ## **International Standard Designations** Cryodur® 2990 corresponds to several high-vanadium tool steel standards: | Standard | Designation | Equivalent Grades | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **AISI** | D6 | High-carbon, high-chromium alternative | | **DIN / W-Nr.** | 1.2436 | 100V1 / 100VCrMo5 | | **JIS** | SKD12 | - | | **ISO** | 100VCrW5 | - | | **Common Reference** | **High-Vanadium D-type** | - | ## **Chemical Composition (%)** *Typical Analysis – Optimized Balance* | Element | Content Range | Primary Function | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Carbon (C)** | 2.00 - 2.20 | Provides high carbide volume for extreme wear resistance | | **Chromium (Cr)** | 11.00 - 12.00 | Enhances hardenability, corrosion resistance, and wear properties | | **Vanadium (V)** | 4.00 - 5.00 | Forms extremely hard VC carbides for maximum abrasion resistance | | **Molybdenum (Mo)** | 0.70 - 1.00 | Improves hardenability and toughness | | **Tungsten (W)** | 0.50 - 0.80 | Enhances hot hardness and wear resistance | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.30 - 0.50 | Aids hardenability and deoxidization | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.20 - 0.40 | Deoxidizer and strengthens matrix | | *Iron (Fe)* | *Balance* | | ## **Physical & Mechanical Properties** ### **Physical Properties** | Property | Value | Condition | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Density** | 7.65 g/cm³ | At 20°C | | **Thermal Conductivity** | 18.5 W/(m·K) | At 20°C | | **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion** | 10.2 × 10⁻⁶/K | 20-200°C | | **Specific Heat Capacity** | 460 J/(kg·K) | At 20°C | | **Elastic Modulus** | 215 GPa | At 20°C | | **Electrical Resistivity** | 0.55 μΩ·m | At 20°C | ### **Mechanical Properties** * **Annealed Hardness:** 220 - 260 HB * **Hardened Hardness Range:** **58 - 64 HRC** (typically 60-62 HRC for optimal balance) * **Compressive Strength:** 2,600 - 3,000 MPa (at 60 HRC) * **Transverse Rupture Strength:** 2,000 - 2,400 MPa * **Impact Toughness (Charpy):** 8 - 15 J (lower than D2 due to higher carbide volume) * **Abrasion Resistance:** 30-50% better than conventional D2 steel ## **Heat Treatment Guidelines** ### **Annealing** * **Temperature:** 850 - 870°C * **Cooling:** Slow furnace cooling (10-20°C/hour) to 600°C, then air cool * **Resulting Hardness:** ≤ 260 HB * **Microstructure:** Spheroidized carbide structure for optimal machinability ### **Stress Relieving** * **Temperature:** 650 - 700°C * **Soak Time:** 2 hours per inch thickness minimum * **Cooling:** Air cool ### **Hardening** 1. **Preheating:** **Critical** - Double preheat recommended: * First stage: 550 - 600°C * Second stage: 800 - 850°C 2. **Austenitizing Temperature:** 1050 - 1080°C * Lower range (1050-1060°C): For higher toughness * Higher range (1070-1080°C): For maximum wear resistance 3. **Soaking Time:** 20-30 minutes per inch of thickness at austenitizing temperature 4. **Quenching:** Quench in **air or gas** (pressurized air for consistent cooling) 5. **Cooling:** Cool to 40-50°C before tempering ### **Tempering** * **Essential:** Must temper immediately after quenching (within 1 hour) * **Tempering Cycle:** Minimum double tempering, triple recommended for critical applications * **Temperature Range:** 500 - 550°C (typical for 58-60 HRC) * 500°C: ~60-62 HRC * 525°C: ~59-61 HRC * 550°C: ~58-60 HRC * **Hold Time:** 2 hours per inch minimum for each temper * **Secondary Hardening:** Exhibits distinct secondary hardening peak around 500-520°C * **Avoid:** Tempering between 250-400°C (embrittlement zone) ## **Primary Applications** ### **Extreme Wear Applications** * **Powder Compaction Tools:** For metal, ceramic, and pharmaceutical powders * **Abrasive Material Processing:** Tools for carbon fiber, fiberglass, composites * **Wire Drawing Dies:** For hard wires and special alloys * **Slitter Knives:** For abrasive materials like pre-painted steel, plastics with fillers ### **Long-Run Stamping & Blanking** * **Progressive Dies:** For high-volume production (>1 million strokes) * **Fine Blanking Tools:** Punches and dies requiring extreme edge retention * **Lamination Dies:** For electric motor and transformer production * **Hard Material Blanking:** For spring steels, hardened steels, silicon sheets ### **Specialized Tooling** * **Cold Forging Tools:** For severe forming operations * **Roll Forming Rolls:** For abrasive or hard materials * **Thread Rolling Dies:** For high-volume production * **Knives & Cutters:** Industrial knives for difficult-to-cut materials ### **Plastic & Rubber Molds** * **Reinforced Plastic Molds:** For fiberglass, carbon fiber composites * **Abrasive Rubber Compounds:** Molds for tires, conveyor belts * **Wear Parts:** Ejector pins, guide pillars, wear plates in abrasive environments ## **Machining & Fabrication** * **Turning/Milling (Annealed):** Difficult - requires carbide tools, slow speeds, positive rakes * **Grindability:** Fair - requires appropriate wheels (soft bond, aluminum oxide or CBN) * **EDM:** Good - standard parameters with post-EDM tempering recommended * **Wire EDM:** Excellent method for complex shapes * **Polishing:** Challenging due to hard carbides - requires diamond compounds ## **Surface Treatments** * **Nitriding:** Highly effective - increases surface hardness to 1200-1400 HV * **PVD Coatings:** TiN, TiCN, AlCrN - further enhance performance * **CVD Coatings:** TiC, TiCN - for extreme wear applications * **Black Oxide:** Limited benefit due to inherent wear resistance ## **Comparison with Other Grades** | Property | Cryodur® 2990 | Cryodur® 2379 (D2) | Cryodur® 2080 (A2) | High-Speed Steel | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Wear Resistance** | Excellent | Very Good | Good | Excellent | | **Toughness** | Moderate | Moderate | Good | Low | | **Red Hardness** | Good | Fair | Fair | Excellent | | **Grindability** | Fair | Good | Very Good | Difficult | | **Primary Use** | Extreme abrasion | General wear | Balanced properties | High temperature | ## **Availability** * **Round Bars:** 20mm to 300mm diameter * **Flat Bars:** Various thicknesses and widths * **Blocks:** For die and mold applications * **Pre-finished Stock:** Precision ground to tolerances * **Forged Shapes:** Custom configurations ## **Technical Recommendations** 1. **Design Considerations:** Avoid sharp corners and thin sections due to lower toughness 2. **Heat Treatment:** Strict control essential - use protective atmosphere to prevent decarburization 3. **Tool Maintenance:** Regular inspection for micro-chipping in severe applications 4. **Regrinding:** Remove all heat-affected zones after welding/EDM 5. **Storage:** Keep in dry conditions to prevent corrosion despite high chromium content ## **Quality Assurance** * **Micro-Cleanliness:** High standards for carbide distribution * **Ultrasonic Testing:** Standard for detecting internal flaws * **Hardness Uniformity:** Verified through multiple-point testing * **Dimensional Accuracy:** Precision machining capabilities ## **Economic Considerations** * **Higher Initial Cost** than conventional cold work steels * **Extended Tool Life** justifies cost in appropriate applications * **Reduced Downtime** from less frequent tool changes * **Optimal for:** High-volume production where tooling cost per part is critical --- **Disclaimer:** This technical information is for reference purposes. For specific applications, always consult Schmolz + Bickenbach's official technical documentation. Actual performance depends on proper heat treatment, tool design, and application conditions. The manufacturer's recommendations should always take precedence for critical tooling applications. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Schmolz + Bickenbach Cryodur® 2990 Cold Work Die Steel Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <7143 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Schmolz + Bickenbach Cryodur® 2990 Cold Work Die Steel Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of Schmolz + Bickenbach Cryodur® 2990 Cold Work Die Steel Flange -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers Schmolz + Bickenbach Cryodur® 2990 Cold Work Die Steel Flange -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of Schmolz + Bickenbach Cryodur® 2990 Cold Work Die Steel Flange -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Flange drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 3614 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition