1,We Manufacturing processes are primarily classified into four types:
1:Forging,
2:Casting,
3:Cutting,
4:Rolling.
2,We can manufacture in accordance with these standards.
Standards:
GB Series (Chinese Standards), JB Series (Machinery Standards), HG Series (Chemical Industry Standards), ASME B16.5 (American Standards), BS4504 (British Standards), DIN (German Standards), and JIS (Japanese Standards).
Internationally, there are two primary systems of pipe flange standards: the European system, represented by the German DIN standards (including those of the former Soviet Union), and the American system, represented by the US ANSI pipe flange standards. Other common standards include: the Chinese Ministry of Machinery Industry standards (JB series), the Ministry of Chemical Industry standards (HG series), the Chinese National Standard *GB/T 9112–9124-2010 Steel Pipe Flanges*, as well as US standards (ASME B16.5), British standards (BS4504), German standards (DIN), Japanese standards (JIS), and marine standards (CBM), among others.
The nominal pressure ratings for the PN series are designated by "PN" and comprise the following nine levels: PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63, PN100, and PN160.
The nominal pressure ratings for the Class series are designated by "Class" and comprise the following six levels: Class150, Class300, Class600, Class900, Class1500, and Class2500.
Flange Classification
1. **According to Chemical Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Plate Flat Welding Flange (PL), Necked Flat Welding Flange (SO), Necked Butt Welding Flange (WN), Integral Flange (IF), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Threaded Flange (Th), Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/SE), Blind Flange (BL), Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/PJ), and Lined Blind Flange (BL(s)).
2. **According to Petrochemical (SH) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Threaded Flange (PL), Butt Welding Flange (WN), Flat Welding Flange (SO), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Loose Flange (LJ), and Blind Flange (no specific designation).
3. **According to Machinery (JB) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Integral Flange, Butt Welding Flange, Plate Flat Welding Flange, Butt Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Lap Joint Ring Plate Loose Flange, and Blind Flange.
4. **According to Connection Method/Type:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Plate Flat Welding Flange, Necked Flat Welding Flange, Necked Butt Welding Flange, Socket Welding Flange, Threaded Flange, Blind Flange, Necked Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange, Ring-Type Joint (RTJ) Flange and Blind Flange, Large-Diameter Plate Flange, Large-Diameter High-Neck Flange, Figure-8 Blind Plate, Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, etc.
5. **According to the Component Being Connected:** Flanges can be classified into Vessel Flanges and Pipe Flanges.
6. **According to Structural Type:** Flanges include Integral Flanges, Threaded Flanges, Flat Welding Flanges, Butt Welding Flanges, Lap Joint (Loose/Swivel) Flanges, and Blind Flanges.
A flange—also referred to as a flange plate or rim—is a component used to connect shafts to one another, or, more commonly, to join the ends of pipes. Flanges are also utilized at the inlet and outlet ports of equipment to facilitate connections between two devices—for instance, the flange on a speed reducer. A "flange connection" or "flanged joint" refers to a detachable joint assembly comprising three interconnected elements—a flange, a gasket, and bolts—that together form a sealed structural unit. In the context of piping systems, a "pipe flange" specifically denotes a flange used for plumbing within the installation; when applied to equipment, it refers to the inlet or outlet flange of that specific device. Flanges feature a series of holes through which bolts are inserted to securely fasten the two flanges together, while a gasket placed between the flanges ensures a leak-proof seal. Flanges are broadly categorized into three types: threaded (screw-in) flanges, welded flanges, and clamp-type flanges. Flanges are invariably used in pairs; threaded flanges are suitable for low-pressure piping applications, whereas welded flanges are required for systems operating at pressures exceeding 4 kilograms per square centimeter. A sealing gasket is inserted between the two flange plates, which are then firmly secured using bolts. The thickness of a flange—as well as the specifications of the bolts used to fasten it—vary depending on the specific pressure rating required for the application. When connecting equipment such as water pumps or valves to piping systems, the corresponding connection points on these devices are often manufactured in the shape of a matching flange; this method of attachment is also referred to as a "flange connection." Generally, any connecting component that utilizes bolts to join and seal the perimeters of two flat surfaces—such as the joints in ventilation ducts—is termed a "flange"; such components may collectively be classified as "flange-type parts." However, since such a connection often constitutes merely a *portion* of a larger device—for instance, the interface between a flange and a water pump—it would be inappropriate to classify the entire water pump itself as a "flange-type part." Conversely, smaller components—such as valves—that feature such flanged interfaces may indeed be appropriately categorized as "flange-type parts."
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Assab Steel Flanges CALMAX Plastic Mold Material Product Information
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Assab Steel Flanges CALMAX Plastic Mold Material Synonyms
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Assab Steels CALMAX Plastic Mold Material Product Information
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### **Assab Steels CALMAX: Versatile Oil-Hardening Cold Work Steel for Plastic Molds & Tooling**
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#### **1. Introduction**
**Assab Steels CALMAX** is a versatile, **chromium-molybdenum-vanadium (Cr-Mo-V) alloyed cold work steel** belonging to the oil-hardening, non-shrink (OHNS) category. While primarily classified as a cold work steel, its unique combination of properties—**excellent machinability in the annealed state, good wear resistance, high toughness, and minimal distortion during hardening**—makes it a highly valued material for **plastic molds, prototype tooling, and intricate mechanical components**. Its ease of heat treatment in simple workshop conditions sets it apart from more complex air-hardening grades.
**Key Value Propositions:**
* **Superior Machinability:** In its soft-annealed state, CALMAX offers machining characteristics approaching that of free-cutting steels, allowing for fast and easy fabrication of complex shapes.
* **Minimal Distortion on Hardening:** As a low-alloy oil-hardening steel, it exhibits very low dimensional change (typically < 0.1%) during heat treatment, crucial for precision tools and molds.
* **Good Toughness & Wear Resistance Balance:** Provides a reliable compromise between resistance to chipping and abrasive wear after hardening.
* **Simple & Cost-Effective Heat Treatment:** Can be hardened using basic workshop equipment (furnace and oil quench tank), without the need for controlled atmosphere or high-pressure gas quenching.
* **Good Polishability:** Capable of achieving good surface finishes for mold applications.
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#### **2. International Standard Designations**
* **Assab / Uddeholm:** CALMAX
* **AISI / ASTM A681:** O2 (A close equivalent, though CALMAX may have slight compositional optimizations)
* **European Norm (EN):** 1.2842 (90MnCrV8)
* **DIN:** 90MnCrV8
* **JIS:** SKS3
* **Common Names:** Oil-Hardening Non-Shrink Steel, OHNS
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#### **3. Chemical Composition (Typical Weight %)**
| Element | Carbon (C) | Manganese (Mn) | Chromium (Cr) | Vanadium (V) | Silicon (Si) |
| :--- | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: |
| **%** | 0.9 | 1.8 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.25 |
*Note: The balanced, low-alloy composition centered on high carbon and manganese provides good hardenability in oil with minimal distortion.*
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#### **4. Physical & Mechanical Properties**
* **Annealed Hardness:** ~ 200 HB (Excellent for machining)
* **Hardened & Tempered Hardness Range:** **54 - 60 HRC** (Typical application range: 56-58 HRC)
* **Tensile Strength (at 58 HRC):** ~ 2000 MPa
* **Density:** 7.85 g/cm³
* **Good Toughness:** For its hardness level, it offers better impact resistance than many high-carbon, high-chromium steels.
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#### **5. Heat Treatment**
* **Stress Relieving (after rough machining):** 600-650°C, slow cool.
* **Preheating:** Recommended at 650°C to reduce thermal shock.
* **Austenitizing/Hardening Temperature:** 780 - 820°C. Soak time: 20-30 minutes per 25 mm of thickness.
* **Quenching:** Quench in **warm oil (50-80°C)**. This is a critical step to achieve minimal distortion and avoid cracking.
* **Tempering:** Temper **immediately** after quenching. Temperature range: **150 - 400°C**. For plastic mold applications, tempering at 180-250°C to achieve 56-58 HRC is common. Hold for 1-2 hours per temper (double tempering is recommended).
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#### **6. Product Applications in Mold & Tooling**
CALMAX is prized for applications where ease of manufacture and dimensional stability are paramount.
1. **Plastic Injection & Compression Molds:**
* Prototype molds and low-to-medium volume production molds.
* Inserts for complex geometry where minimal post-hardening machining is desired.
* Ejector pins, slider cores, and other wear-prone components.
2. **Intricate Cutting, Forming & Stamping Tools:**
* Precision punches, dies, and blanking tools.
* Lamination dies, coining dies.
* Thread rolling dies and form tools.
3. **Gauges & Precision Mechanical Components:**
* Master gauges, jigs, and fixtures requiring high dimensional stability.
* Shafts, cams, and wear plates.
4. **Cold Work Tools for Non-Ferrous Materials:**
* Tools for bending, forming, and shearing copper, brass, and aluminum.
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#### **7. Machining & Fabrication Guide**
* **Annealed State (Machining):** **Excellent.** Use standard high-speed steel (HSS) tools. High cutting speeds and feeds are possible. Good chip breakage.
* **Hardened State (Finishing):** Grinding and EDM are standard. Polishability is good.
* **Welding:** Can be welded with care using suitable pre-heat (300°C) and post-heat (immediate tempering) procedures.
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#### **8. Quality & Supply Forms**
* **Quality:** Supplied spheroidize-annealed to optimal machinability.
* **Available Forms:**
* Round and flat bars (black or peeled)
* Precision ground flat stock
* Blocks and blanks
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#### **9. Comparison: CALMAX vs. Pre-Hardened Mold Steels (e.g., 618/718)**
| **Aspect** | **CALMAX (O2 / OHNS)** | **Pre-Hardened 618/718 (P20-Type)** |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **Supply Condition** | Soft Annealed (~200 HB) | **Pre-Hardened** (290-380 HB) |
| **Key User Step** | **Requires User Heat Treatment** | Ready-to-Machine (No HT needed) |
| **Primary Advantage** | **Minimal Distortion after HT; Superior Annealed Machinability** | **Time Savings; No HT Facilities Needed** |
| **Final Hardness** | **Higher (54-60 HRC)** | Lower (30-40 HRC) |
| **Best For** | Precision tools, prototype molds, intricate components | Production molds where HT is a bottleneck |
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#### **10. Conclusion**
**Assab Steels CALMAX** is the quintessential **"workshop-friendly" engineering steel**. It bridges the gap between simple carbon steels and high-alloy specialty steels, offering a practical solution for toolmakers who require a material that is easy to machine into complex forms and then harden with predictable, minimal distortion. For prototype mold builds, precision gauges, and a vast array of custom cutting and forming tools, CALMAX provides a reliable, cost-effective, and high-performance foundation. Its enduring popularity is a testament to its unmatched blend of processability and final utility.
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Assab Steels CALMAX Plastic Mold Material Specification
Dimensions
Size：
Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <7246 mm
Size:We can customized as required
Standard：
Per your request or drawing
We can customized as required
Properties（Theoretical）
Chemical Composition
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Assab Steels CALMAX Plastic Mold Material Properties
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Applications of Assab Steel Flanges CALMAX Plastic Mold Material
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Chemical Identifiers Assab Steel Flanges CALMAX Plastic Mold Material
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Packing of Assab Steel Flanges CALMAX Plastic Mold Material
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Standard Packing:
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Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Flange drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 3717 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition
