Dura-Bar,G2A Continuously Cast Gray Iron Flange ASTM A48

1,We Manufacturing processes are primarily classified into four types: 1:Forging, 2:Casting, 3:Cutting, 4:Rolling. 2,We can manufacture in accordance with these standards. Standards: GB Series (Chinese Standards), JB Series (Machinery Standards), HG Series (Chemical Industry Standards), ASME B16.5 (American Standards), BS4504 (British Standards), DIN (German Standards), and JIS (Japanese Standards). Internationally, there are two primary systems of pipe flange standards: the European system, represented by the German DIN standards (including those of the former Soviet Union), and the American system, represented by the US ANSI pipe flange standards. Other common standards include: the Chinese Ministry of Machinery Industry standards (JB series), the Ministry of Chemical Industry standards (HG series), the Chinese National Standard *GB/T 9112–9124-2010 Steel Pipe Flanges*, as well as US standards (ASME B16.5), British standards (BS4504), German standards (DIN), Japanese standards (JIS), and marine standards (CBM), among others. The nominal pressure ratings for the PN series are designated by "PN" and comprise the following nine levels: PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63, PN100, and PN160. The nominal pressure ratings for the Class series are designated by "Class" and comprise the following six levels: Class150, Class300, Class600, Class900, Class1500, and Class2500. Flange Classification 1. **According to Chemical Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange (PL), Necked Flat Welding Flange (SO), Necked Butt Welding Flange (WN), Integral Flange (IF), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Threaded Flange (Th), Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/SE), Blind Flange (BL), Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/PJ), and Lined Blind Flange (BL(s)). 2. **According to Petrochemical (SH) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Threaded Flange (PL), Butt Welding Flange (WN), Flat Welding Flange (SO), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Loose Flange (LJ), and Blind Flange (no specific designation). 3. **According to Machinery (JB) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Integral Flange, Butt Welding Flange, Plate Flat Welding Flange, Butt Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Lap Joint Ring Plate Loose Flange, and Blind Flange. 4. **According to Connection Method/Type:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange, Necked Flat Welding Flange, Necked Butt Welding Flange, Socket Welding Flange, Threaded Flange, Blind Flange, Necked Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange, Ring-Type Joint (RTJ) Flange and Blind Flange, Large-Diameter Plate Flange, Large-Diameter High-Neck Flange, Figure-8 Blind Plate, Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, etc. 5. **According to the Component Being Connected:** Flanges can be classified into Vessel Flanges and Pipe Flanges. 6. **According to Structural Type:** Flanges include Integral Flanges, Threaded Flanges, Flat Welding Flanges, Butt Welding Flanges, Lap Joint (Loose/Swivel) Flanges, and Blind Flanges. A flange—also referred to as a flange plate or rim—is a component used to connect shafts to one another, or, more commonly, to join the ends of pipes. Flanges are also utilized at the inlet and outlet ports of equipment to facilitate connections between two devices—for instance, the flange on a speed reducer. A "flange connection" or "flanged joint" refers to a detachable joint assembly comprising three interconnected elements—a flange, a gasket, and bolts—that together form a sealed structural unit. In the context of piping systems, a "pipe flange" specifically denotes a flange used for plumbing within the installation; when applied to equipment, it refers to the inlet or outlet flange of that specific device. Flanges feature a series of holes through which bolts are inserted to securely fasten the two flanges together, while a gasket placed between the flanges ensures a leak-proof seal. Flanges are broadly categorized into three types: threaded (screw-in) flanges, welded flanges, and clamp-type flanges. Flanges are invariably used in pairs; threaded flanges are suitable for low-pressure piping applications, whereas welded flanges are required for systems operating at pressures exceeding 4 kilograms per square centimeter. A sealing gasket is inserted between the two flange plates, which are then firmly secured using bolts. The thickness of a flange—as well as the specifications of the bolts used to fasten it—vary depending on the specific pressure rating required for the application. When connecting equipment such as water pumps or valves to piping systems, the corresponding connection points on these devices are often manufactured in the shape of a matching flange; this method of attachment is also referred to as a "flange connection." Generally, any connecting component that utilizes bolts to join and seal the perimeters of two flat surfaces—such as the joints in ventilation ducts—is termed a "flange"; such components may collectively be classified as "flange-type parts." However, since such a connection often constitutes merely a *portion* of a larger device—for instance, the interface between a flange and a water pump—it would be inappropriate to classify the entire water pump itself as a "flange-type part." Conversely, smaller components—such as valves—that feature such flanged interfaces may indeed be appropriately categorized as "flange-type parts." -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Dura-Bar G2A Continuously Cast Gray Iron Flange Bar Stock ASTM A48 Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Dura-Bar G2A Continuously Cast Gray Iron Flange Bar Stock ASTM A48 Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Dura-Bar G2A Continuously Cast Gray Iron Bar Stock ASTM A48 Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **Dura-Bar® G2A Continuously Cast Gray Iron Bar Stock** ## **Product Overview** **Dura-Bar G2A Continuously Cast Gray Iron** is a specialized **Type A graphite gray iron** manufactured through proprietary continuous casting technology, corresponding to **ASTM A48 Class 35A** specification. This premium bar stock represents an **enhanced version of standard G2 material**, specifically engineered with **Type A graphite flakes** that provide superior damping characteristics, thermal conductivity, and pressure tightness compared to Type B graphite structures. The "G2A" designation combines the strength classification of Class 35 (minimum 35,000 psi tensile strength) with the "A" suffix indicating **Type A graphite morphology** – characterized by randomly oriented, uniformly distributed graphite flakes that optimize the material's inherent gray iron properties. The continuous casting process ensures a dense, homogeneous microstructure free from defects, delivering 100% usable material with exceptional consistency. --- ## **1. International Standards & Specifications** | **Standard System** | **Designation** | **Equivalent/Reference** | **Key Specification** | |---------------------|-----------------|--------------------------|----------------------| | **ASTM International** | **A48 Class 35A** | Primary material specification | Tensile: 35 ksi min (241 MPa), Type A graphite | | **SAE Automotive** | **J431 G3500** (Type A variant) | Automotive applications | Similar strength with graphite control | | **ISO Standard** | **ISO 185 Grade 250** | International reference | Strength/hardness correlation | | **DIN Standard** | **GG-25** (Type A) | German standard | Comparable grade with graphite specification | | **UNS Designation** | **F10007** (modified) | Unified Numbering System | Gray iron with graphite type specification | | **Manufacturer** | **Dura-Bar Grade G2A** | Proprietary continuous cast | Enhanced Type A graphite consistency | | **Common Names** | Class 35A Gray Iron, Type A Gray Iron, G2A Machine Grade | Industry terminology | | **Note:** The "A" suffix specifically denotes **Type A graphite morphology** as defined in ASTM A247, distinguishing it from standard G2 material which may contain mixed graphite types. --- ## **2. Chemical Composition** The chemistry is carefully controlled to promote the formation of Type A graphite flakes while maintaining a pearlitic matrix for optimal strength and machinability. | **Element** | **Typical Range (% wt.)** | **Metallurgical Function** | **Graphite Formation Role** | |-------------|---------------------------|---------------------------|---------------------------| | **Carbon (C)** | 3.2 - 3.5 | Graphite former | Higher CE promotes Type A graphite | | **Silicon (Si)** | 1.8 - 2.3 | Graphitizing agent | Controls undercooling for Type A formation | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.6 - 0.9 | Sulfur control, pearlite | Neutralizes sulfur, minimal effect on graphite | | **Phosphorus (P)** | 0.05 - 0.12 | Fluidity enhancer | Improves casting soundness | | **Sulfur (S)** | 0.08 - 0.12 | Inoculation balance | Controlled for proper graphite morphology | | **Carbon Equivalent (CE)** | 4.0 - 4.3 | Graphite formation predictor | CE = %C + 0.3(%Si + %P) | | **Inoculants** | Controlled | Graphite nucleation | Promotes Type A over other graphite types | **Microstructural Characteristics:** - **Graphite Structure:** **ASTM Type A**, Size 3-4 (randomly oriented, uniformly distributed flakes) - **Matrix Structure:** 80-90% pearlite with balance ferrite - **Carbide Content:** < 2% (minimized through inoculation) - **Graphite Flake Orientation:** Completely random throughout cross-section - **Nucleation Sites:** High count promoting uniform Type A formation - **Unique Feature:** Continuous casting cooling rate optimized for Type A graphite development --- ## **3. Mechanical Properties** ### **Minimum Requirements (ASTM A48 Class 35A):** - **Tensile Strength:** 35 ksi minimum (241 MPa) - **Test Bar Diameter:** 1.2" (30.5 mm) - **Graphite Type:** Type A as primary morphology ### **Typical Properties (Dura-Bar G2A Continuous Cast):** | **Property** | **Typical Value** | **Range** | **Type A Graphite Advantage** | |--------------|-------------------|-----------|-----------------------------| | **Tensile Strength** | 36 - 40 ksi (248 - 276 MPa) | Consistent across sections | More predictable than mixed types | | **Compressive Strength** | 130 - 150 ksi (896 - 1034 MPa) | 3.5-4× tensile | Excellent due to graphite orientation | | **Shear Strength** | 28 - 33 ksi (193 - 228 MPa) | ~80% of tensile | Good for sliding applications | | **Hardness** | 187 - 229 HB | Uniform throughout | Optimal balance for machining | | **Modulus of Elasticity** | 13 - 15 × 10⁶ psi (90 - 103 GPa) | Lower than steel | Enhanced damping capacity | | **Damping Ratio** | 0.015 - 0.025 | High for metals | Superior to Type B/D graphite irons | | **Thermal Conductivity** | 25 - 27 Btu/(ft·hr·°F) | Excellent | Better than other graphite types | | **Pressure Tightness** | Excellent | Leak-resistant | Type A graphite provides better sealing | ### **Type A vs. Other Graphite Types:** - **Type A:** Random flakes - optimal damping and conductivity - **Type B:** Rosette pattern - moderate properties - **Type D:** Undercooled - higher strength, lower damping - **Type E:** Directional - anisotropic properties --- ## **4. Physical Properties** | **Property** | **Value** | **Type A Graphite Benefit** | |--------------|-----------|----------------------------| | **Density** | 0.260 lb/in³ (7.20 g/cm³) | Standard for gray iron | | **Thermal Conductivity** | 26.5 Btu/(ft·hr·°F) @ 212°F (45.9 W/m·K) | **Superior** due to graphite connectivity | | **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion** | 6.0 × 10⁻⁶/°F (10.8 × 10⁻⁶/°C) | Lower than steel | | **Specific Heat** | 0.12 Btu/(lb·°F) (500 J/kg·K) | Good thermal capacity | | **Damping Capacity** | **8-12× Type B gray iron** | **Exceptional** vibration absorption | | **Electrical Conductivity** | Moderate | Graphite provides some conductivity | | **Magnetic Properties** | Ferromagnetic | Standard for cast iron | | **Sound Dampening** | Excellent | Type A best for acoustic applications | ### **Acoustic & Vibration Properties:** - **Natural Frequency:** Lower than equivalent steel parts - **Resonance Dampening:** 30-40% better than Type B graphite - **Sound Transmission Loss:** Superior for enclosures - **Vibration Isolation:** Excellent for machine bases --- ## **5. Manufacturing & Processing Characteristics** ### **Machinability Characteristics:** - **Relative Machinability:** **85-95%** (vs. 1212 steel = 100%) - **Optimal Cutting Speed:** 500-750 SFPM for turning - **Tool Materials:** C2 carbide or coated inserts - **Chip Formation:** Fine, broken chips typical - **Surface Finish:** 32-63 μin Ra easily achieved - **Tool Life:** **3-4× longer** than machining steel - **Graphite Effect:** Flakes act as built-in chip breakers and lubricants ### **Type A Graphite Machining Advantages:** 1. **Consistent Chip Breakage:** Uniform flake distribution 2. **Reduced Tool Chatter:** Superior damping during cutting 3. **Better Surface Finish:** Even graphite distribution 4. **Lower Cutting Forces:** Compared to Type D/E graphite ### **Heat Treatment Response:** - **Stress Relieving:** 900-1050°F (480-565°C) effective - **Annealing:** Full annealing possible but rarely needed - **Surface Hardening:** Flame hardening to 45-50 HRC achievable - **Growth Resistance:** Good dimensional stability to 800°F (427°C) ### **Fabrication Guidelines:** - **Welding:** **Not recommended** - high cracking risk - **Adhesive Bonding:** Excellent with proper surface prep - **Mechanical Fastening:** Good for compressive loads - **Sealing:** Excellent for gasketed joints --- ## **6. Application Areas** ### **Primary Industries & Applications:** | **Industry** | **Specific Components** | **Type A Graphite Advantage** | **Performance Benefit** | |--------------|-------------------------|------------------------------|------------------------| | **Machine Tools** | Bases, columns, slides, beds | Maximum vibration damping | Improved surface finish on machined parts | | **Power Generation** | Turbine bases, generator supports | Thermal shock resistance | Longer component life | | **Pumps & Compressors** | Housings, bases, manifolds | Pressure tightness | Reduced leakage | | **Automotive** | Brake components, engine blocks | Thermal conductivity | Better heat dissipation | | **Electrical** | Transformer bases, motor frames | Electromagnetic shielding | Reduced interference | | **Textile Machinery** | Looms, frames, bases | Noise reduction | Quieter operation | | **Musical Instruments** | Piano frames, harp frames | Acoustic damping | Better sound quality | ### **Type A Graphite Specific Applications:** 1. **High-Damping Bases:** For precision grinding and milling machines 2. **Acoustic Enclosures:** Where noise reduction is critical 3. **Thermal Management:** Components requiring heat dissipation 4. **Pressure-Containing:** Non-critical pressure vessels and manifolds 5. **Architectural:** Decorative elements requiring machining --- ## **7. Comparative Performance** ### **Type A vs. Other Gray Iron Graphite Types:** | **Property** | **Type A (G2A)** | **Type B** | **Type D** | **Type E** | |--------------|------------------|------------|------------|------------| | **Damping Capacity** | **Excellent** | Good | Fair | Poor | | **Thermal Conductivity** | **Excellent** | Good | Fair | Poor | | **Machinability** | **Excellent** | Very Good | Good | Fair | | **Tensile Strength** | Good | Good | **Very Good** | **Excellent** | | **Pressure Tightness** | **Excellent** | Good | Fair | Poor | | **Consistency** | **Excellent** | Good | Variable | Directional | ### **Economic & Manufacturing Advantages:** 1. **Reduced Vibration:** Less need for external damping systems 2. **Lower Noise Levels:** Reduced hearing protection requirements 3. **Better Heat Dissipation:** Smaller cooling systems possible 4. **Improved Sealability:** Fewer leakage issues 5. **Longer Tool Life:** Reduced tooling costs --- ## **8. Design Guidelines for Type A Applications** ### **Optimal Application Conditions:** - **Vibration-sensitive** precision equipment - **Acoustic noise reduction** requirements - **Thermal management** applications - **Pressure-containing** non-critical components - **Compressive load** applications - **Damping-critical** machine elements ### **Design Recommendations:** 1. **Exploit Damping:** Design for maximum vibration absorption 2. **Thermal Paths:** Utilize graphite's conductivity 3. **Avoid Tensile Stresses:** Design for compression 4. **Surface Area:** Maximize for heat transfer applications 5. **Section Uniformity:** Maintain consistent wall thicknesses ### **Type A Graphite Limitations:** - **Lower strength** than Type D/E graphite irons - **Anisotropic properties** less than Type E - **Not for high-impact** applications - **Limited to < 800°F** continuous service --- ## **9. Quality Assurance & Testing** ### **Graphite Structure Verification:** - **ASTM A247 Analysis:** Type A graphite confirmation - **Microstructural Rating:** Regular sampling and analysis - **Flake Distribution:** Uniformity verification - **Matrix Evaluation:** Pearlite/ferrite ratio confirmation ### **Specialized Testing for G2A:** - **Damping Tests:** Vibration absorption measurement - **Thermal Conductivity:** Verification of enhanced properties - **Pressure Testing:** Leak resistance verification - **Acoustic Testing:** Sound transmission measurements ### **Certification Levels:** 1. **Standard G2A:** Full chemical and mechanical with graphite type 2. **Enhanced Certification:** Includes damping and thermal properties 3. **Application-Specific:** Custom testing for critical applications --- ## **10. Availability & Specifications** ### **Standard Stock Sizes:** - **Round Bars:** 0.5" to 18" diameter - **Square Bars:** Up to 16" × 16" - **Rectangular Bars:** Various sizes to 18" width - **Special Shapes:** Available upon request - **Lengths:** Standard 12', custom lengths available ### **Special Processing:** - **Stress Relieving:** Standard or custom cycles - **Surface Machining:** Rough or finish machining - **Testing & Certification:** Custom test packages - **Just-in-Time:** Kanban delivery available --- ## **Technical Summary** **Dura-Bar G2A (ASTM A48 Class 35A) Continuously Cast Gray Iron** represents the **premium choice for applications requiring optimized Type A graphite properties**: ### **Type A Graphite Advantages:** 1. **Maximum Damping Capacity:** Best vibration absorption available 2. **Superior Thermal Conductivity:** Excellent heat dissipation 3. **Enhanced Pressure Tightness:** Reduced leakage potential 4. **Optimal Machinability:** Fast, efficient machining 5. **Excellent Acoustic Properties:** Noise reduction capabilities ### **Application Selection Criteria:** **Choose G2A (Type A) when:** - Vibration damping is the primary design requirement - Thermal management is critical - Pressure tightness is important - Acoustic noise reduction is needed - Machining efficiency is a priority **Consider alternatives when:** - Maximum tensile strength is required (choose Type D/E) - Impact resistance is needed (choose ductile iron) - High temperature service > 800°F (choose alloyed iron) - Welding is required (choose steel or ductile iron) ### **Economic Justification:** - **Reduced Secondary Operations:** Less need for damping treatments - **Lower Assembly Costs:** Better inherent sealing - **Improved Performance:** Enhanced thermal and acoustic properties - **Manufacturing Efficiency:** Excellent machinability --- ## **Engineering Support** Dura-Bar provides specialized support for G2A applications: - **Graphite Structure Analysis:** Microstructural consultation - **Damping Design:** Vibration analysis support - **Thermal Management:** Heat transfer guidance - **Application Review:** Material selection assistance *For applications where vibration damping, thermal conductivity, or pressure tightness are critical, G2A with Type A graphite provides unique advantages not available in other materials. Contact Dura-Bar engineering for specific application analysis.* -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Dura-Bar G2A Continuously Cast Gray Iron Bar Stock ASTM A48 Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <6610 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Dura-Bar G2A Continuously Cast Gray Iron Bar Stock ASTM A48 Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of Dura-Bar G2A Continuously Cast Gray Iron Flange Bar Stock ASTM A48 -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers Dura-Bar G2A Continuously Cast Gray Iron Flange Bar Stock ASTM A48 -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of Dura-Bar G2A Continuously Cast Gray Iron Flange Bar Stock ASTM A48 -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Flange drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 3081 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition