AISI 1016 Steel Flange

1,We Manufacturing processes are primarily classified into four types: 1:Forging, 2:Casting, 3:Cutting, 4:Rolling. 2,We can manufacture in accordance with these standards. Standards: GB Series (Chinese Standards), JB Series (Machinery Standards), HG Series (Chemical Industry Standards), ASME B16.5 (American Standards), BS4504 (British Standards), DIN (German Standards), and JIS (Japanese Standards). Internationally, there are two primary systems of pipe flange standards: the European system, represented by the German DIN standards (including those of the former Soviet Union), and the American system, represented by the US ANSI pipe flange standards. Other common standards include: the Chinese Ministry of Machinery Industry standards (JB series), the Ministry of Chemical Industry standards (HG series), the Chinese National Standard *GB/T 9112–9124-2010 Steel Pipe Flanges*, as well as US standards (ASME B16.5), British standards (BS4504), German standards (DIN), Japanese standards (JIS), and marine standards (CBM), among others. The nominal pressure ratings for the PN series are designated by "PN" and comprise the following nine levels: PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63, PN100, and PN160. The nominal pressure ratings for the Class series are designated by "Class" and comprise the following six levels: Class150, Class300, Class600, Class900, Class1500, and Class2500. Flange Classification 1. **According to Chemical Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange (PL), Necked Flat Welding Flange (SO), Necked Butt Welding Flange (WN), Integral Flange (IF), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Threaded Flange (Th), Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/SE), Blind Flange (BL), Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/PJ), and Lined Blind Flange (BL(s)). 2. **According to Petrochemical (SH) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Threaded Flange (PL), Butt Welding Flange (WN), Flat Welding Flange (SO), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Loose Flange (LJ), and Blind Flange (no specific designation). 3. **According to Machinery (JB) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Integral Flange, Butt Welding Flange, Plate Flat Welding Flange, Butt Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Lap Joint Ring Plate Loose Flange, and Blind Flange. 4. **According to Connection Method/Type:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange, Necked Flat Welding Flange, Necked Butt Welding Flange, Socket Welding Flange, Threaded Flange, Blind Flange, Necked Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange, Ring-Type Joint (RTJ) Flange and Blind Flange, Large-Diameter Plate Flange, Large-Diameter High-Neck Flange, Figure-8 Blind Plate, Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, etc. 5. **According to the Component Being Connected:** Flanges can be classified into Vessel Flanges and Pipe Flanges. 6. **According to Structural Type:** Flanges include Integral Flanges, Threaded Flanges, Flat Welding Flanges, Butt Welding Flanges, Lap Joint (Loose/Swivel) Flanges, and Blind Flanges. A flange—also referred to as a flange plate or rim—is a component used to connect shafts to one another, or, more commonly, to join the ends of pipes. Flanges are also utilized at the inlet and outlet ports of equipment to facilitate connections between two devices—for instance, the flange on a speed reducer. A "flange connection" or "flanged joint" refers to a detachable joint assembly comprising three interconnected elements—a flange, a gasket, and bolts—that together form a sealed structural unit. In the context of piping systems, a "pipe flange" specifically denotes a flange used for plumbing within the installation; when applied to equipment, it refers to the inlet or outlet flange of that specific device. Flanges feature a series of holes through which bolts are inserted to securely fasten the two flanges together, while a gasket placed between the flanges ensures a leak-proof seal. Flanges are broadly categorized into three types: threaded (screw-in) flanges, welded flanges, and clamp-type flanges. Flanges are invariably used in pairs; threaded flanges are suitable for low-pressure piping applications, whereas welded flanges are required for systems operating at pressures exceeding 4 kilograms per square centimeter. A sealing gasket is inserted between the two flange plates, which are then firmly secured using bolts. The thickness of a flange—as well as the specifications of the bolts used to fasten it—vary depending on the specific pressure rating required for the application. When connecting equipment such as water pumps or valves to piping systems, the corresponding connection points on these devices are often manufactured in the shape of a matching flange; this method of attachment is also referred to as a "flange connection." Generally, any connecting component that utilizes bolts to join and seal the perimeters of two flat surfaces—such as the joints in ventilation ducts—is termed a "flange"; such components may collectively be classified as "flange-type parts." However, since such a connection often constitutes merely a *portion* of a larger device—for instance, the interface between a flange and a water pump—it would be inappropriate to classify the entire water pump itself as a "flange-type part." Conversely, smaller components—such as valves—that feature such flanged interfaces may indeed be appropriately categorized as "flange-type parts." -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1016 Steel Flange, cold drawn, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1016 Steel Flange, cold drawn, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

AISI 1016 Steel, cold drawn, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ## **Product Specification: AISI 1016 Low Carbon Steel, Cold-Drawn Bar** ### **Product Designation** * **Standard Name:** AISI 1016 / SAE 1016 * **UNS Number:** G10160 * **Condition:** **Cold-Drawn** * **Product Form:** **Round Bar** * **Size Range:** **19 mm to 32 mm (0.75 inch to 1.25 inch) diameter** * **Key Features:** Excellent surface finish, tight tolerances, enhanced strength from cold work, superior machinability, and a balanced chemistry optimized for manufacturability and weldability. ### **Overview** AISI 1016 cold-drawn round bar is a premium, ready-to-machine form of a versatile low-carbon steel. Occupying a strategic position between AISI 1015 and AISI 1020, its slightly elevated manganese content enhances hardenability and strength without compromising weldability. The cold-drawing process imparts a smooth, scale-free surface, precise dimensional accuracy, and significantly increased yield and tensile strength through strain hardening. In the 19-32 mm range, it is an ideal stock material for components requiring a combination of good strength, excellent machinability, and the potential for subsequent case hardening, offering a performance edge over 1015 for more demanding applications. --- ### **1. Chemical Composition (Typical % by Weight, AISI/SAE Standard)** AISI 1016 is defined by its specific manganese range, distinguishing it from 1015. | Element | Content (%) | Role & Effect | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Carbon (C)** | 0.13 - 0.18 | Provides base strength and is optimal for case hardening. Matches the carbon content of AISI 1015. | | **Manganese (Mn)** | **0.60 - 0.90** | **Primary differentiator from 1015.** This higher manganese range significantly improves hardenability, solid solution strengthening, and response to cold work. It contributes to better core strength in case-hardened parts. | | **Phosphorus (P)** | 0.040 max | Impurity; controlled. | | **Sulfur (S)** | 0.050 max | Impurity; often maintained to aid machinability. | | **Iron (Fe)** | Balance | Primary constituent. | **Key Distinction:** Compared to **AISI 1015 (Mn: 0.30-0.60)**, AISI 1016 provides **approximately 20-30% higher manganese content**, leading to measurably higher as-drawn strength and better through-hardening potential in larger sections or during quenching. --- ### **2. Physical & Mechanical Properties (Cold-Drawn Condition, 19-32 mm round)** **A. Physical Properties** * **Density:** 7.87 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³) * **Elastic Modulus (E):** 200 GPa (29,000 ksi) * **Poisson's Ratio:** 0.29 * **Thermal Conductivity:** ~59 W/m·K **B. Mechanical Properties (Typical, As-Cold-Drawn)** *Properties are anisotropic due to cold work.* * **Yield Strength (0.2% Offset):** **460 - 690 MPa (67 - 100 ksi)** *[Higher than 1015 due to greater Mn and work hardening]* * **Tensile Strength:** **580 - 800 MPa (84 - 116 ksi)** * **Elongation in 50 mm:** **10% - 18%** * **Hardness (Brinell):** **170 - 235 HB** * **Surface Finish:** Smooth, bright, and scale-free. Excellent for plating or as-machined finish. * **Dimensional Tolerance:** Meets precise **ASTM A29** cold-drawn tolerances. * **Machinability:** **Excellent.** The balanced carbon and higher manganese contribute to good chip formation and surface finish. Comparable to 1015/1020. * **Case Hardenability:** **Very Good to Excellent.** The higher manganese improves core hardenability during carburizing, allowing for better core strength support beneath the hard case, especially in slightly larger sections or with less severe quenches. --- ### **3. Product Applications** Cold-drawn AISI 1016 is a high-performance choice for components that benefit from its enhanced strength and hardenability over 1015. * **High-Strength Fasteners & Studs:** Bolts, studs, and pins requiring better tensile strength than 1015 can provide. * **Precision Machined Components:** Gears, shafts, bushings, and fittings where the improved core strength after case hardening is an advantage. * **Automotive Components:** Axle shafts, transmission parts, steering linkage components, and other parts that are case hardened. * **General Machinery Parts:** Pins, levers, and spindles subjected to higher loads. * **Cold-Heading Applications:** Wire for parts requiring good deformability and subsequent strength. --- ### **4. International Standards & Designations** | Standard System | Designation | Notes / Key Comparison | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **SAE / AISI (USA)** | **SAE 1016** | The standard designation. | | **UNS (USA)** | **G10160** | Unified Numbering System. | | **ASTM (USA)** | **ASTM A108** | Governing specification for cold-finished bars. | | **DIN / EN (Germany/EU)** | **C16E (1.1148)** | The direct European equivalent, where "16" denotes ~0.16% C and the Mn aligns with 1016. **C15E** is for 1015. | | **JIS (Japan)** | **S16C (JIS G4051)** | Direct equivalent, with slightly different chemical ranges but similar intent. | | **GB (China)** | **16, 16Mn** | **16** is a common equivalent. **16Mn** is a similar grade but can have higher Mn. | | **ISO** | **ISO 683-1: C16E** | International designation. | --- ### **Processing & Selection Advantages** 1. **Strength Advantage:** The primary reason to choose 1016 over 1015 is for **higher as-drawn strength** and **better core strength after case hardening** due to increased manganese. 2. **Weldability:** Still **excellent** due to low carbon equivalent. Comparable to 1015. 3. **Formability:** Good in the annealed state; reduced in cold-drawn state but sufficient for light forming. 4. **Economic Consideration:** Provides a cost-effective performance boost over 1015 without stepping up to a higher carbon grade like 1020, which has slightly lower weldability. ### **Summary** **AISI 1016 cold-drawn round bar (19-32 mm) is a strategically optimized low-carbon steel that delivers enhanced performance over the ubiquitous 1015.** Its defining **higher manganese content (0.60-0.90%)** provides a tangible improvement in strength, hardenability, and response to cold work, making it a superior choice for components requiring better mechanical properties without sacrificing weldability or machinability. It is the ideal upgrade for applications where 1015 is marginally insufficient in strength or core support after heat treatment. Governed by **ASTM A108** and recognized internationally as grades like **DIN C16E** and **JIS S16C**, it is a globally standardized material that offers an excellent balance of performance, manufacturability, and value for demanding mechanical components. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1016 Steel, cold drawn, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <4763 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1016 Steel, cold drawn, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of AISI 1016 Steel Flange, cold drawn, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers AISI 1016 Steel Flange, cold drawn, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of AISI 1016 Steel Flange, cold drawn, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Flange drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 1234 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition