1,We Manufacturing processes are primarily classified into four types:
1:Forging,
2:Casting,
3:Cutting,
4:Rolling.
2,We can manufacture in accordance with these standards.
Standards:
GB Series (Chinese Standards), JB Series (Machinery Standards), HG Series (Chemical Industry Standards), ASME B16.5 (American Standards), BS4504 (British Standards), DIN (German Standards), and JIS (Japanese Standards).
Internationally, there are two primary systems of pipe flange standards: the European system, represented by the German DIN standards (including those of the former Soviet Union), and the American system, represented by the US ANSI pipe flange standards. Other common standards include: the Chinese Ministry of Machinery Industry standards (JB series), the Ministry of Chemical Industry standards (HG series), the Chinese National Standard *GB/T 9112–9124-2010 Steel Pipe Flanges*, as well as US standards (ASME B16.5), British standards (BS4504), German standards (DIN), Japanese standards (JIS), and marine standards (CBM), among others.
The nominal pressure ratings for the PN series are designated by "PN" and comprise the following nine levels: PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63, PN100, and PN160.
The nominal pressure ratings for the Class series are designated by "Class" and comprise the following six levels: Class150, Class300, Class600, Class900, Class1500, and Class2500.
Flange Classification
1. **According to Chemical Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Plate Flat Welding Flange (PL), Necked Flat Welding Flange (SO), Necked Butt Welding Flange (WN), Integral Flange (IF), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Threaded Flange (Th), Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/SE), Blind Flange (BL), Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/PJ), and Lined Blind Flange (BL(s)).
2. **According to Petrochemical (SH) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Threaded Flange (PL), Butt Welding Flange (WN), Flat Welding Flange (SO), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Loose Flange (LJ), and Blind Flange (no specific designation).
3. **According to Machinery (JB) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Integral Flange, Butt Welding Flange, Plate Flat Welding Flange, Butt Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Lap Joint Ring Plate Loose Flange, and Blind Flange.
4. **According to Connection Method/Type:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Plate Flat Welding Flange, Necked Flat Welding Flange, Necked Butt Welding Flange, Socket Welding Flange, Threaded Flange, Blind Flange, Necked Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange, Ring-Type Joint (RTJ) Flange and Blind Flange, Large-Diameter Plate Flange, Large-Diameter High-Neck Flange, Figure-8 Blind Plate, Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, etc.
5. **According to the Component Being Connected:** Flanges can be classified into Vessel Flanges and Pipe Flanges.
6. **According to Structural Type:** Flanges include Integral Flanges, Threaded Flanges, Flat Welding Flanges, Butt Welding Flanges, Lap Joint (Loose/Swivel) Flanges, and Blind Flanges.
A flange—also referred to as a flange plate or rim—is a component used to connect shafts to one another, or, more commonly, to join the ends of pipes. Flanges are also utilized at the inlet and outlet ports of equipment to facilitate connections between two devices—for instance, the flange on a speed reducer. A "flange connection" or "flanged joint" refers to a detachable joint assembly comprising three interconnected elements—a flange, a gasket, and bolts—that together form a sealed structural unit. In the context of piping systems, a "pipe flange" specifically denotes a flange used for plumbing within the installation; when applied to equipment, it refers to the inlet or outlet flange of that specific device. Flanges feature a series of holes through which bolts are inserted to securely fasten the two flanges together, while a gasket placed between the flanges ensures a leak-proof seal. Flanges are broadly categorized into three types: threaded (screw-in) flanges, welded flanges, and clamp-type flanges. Flanges are invariably used in pairs; threaded flanges are suitable for low-pressure piping applications, whereas welded flanges are required for systems operating at pressures exceeding 4 kilograms per square centimeter. A sealing gasket is inserted between the two flange plates, which are then firmly secured using bolts. The thickness of a flange—as well as the specifications of the bolts used to fasten it—vary depending on the specific pressure rating required for the application. When connecting equipment such as water pumps or valves to piping systems, the corresponding connection points on these devices are often manufactured in the shape of a matching flange; this method of attachment is also referred to as a "flange connection." Generally, any connecting component that utilizes bolts to join and seal the perimeters of two flat surfaces—such as the joints in ventilation ducts—is termed a "flange"; such components may collectively be classified as "flange-type parts." However, since such a connection often constitutes merely a *portion* of a larger device—for instance, the interface between a flange and a water pump—it would be inappropriate to classify the entire water pump itself as a "flange-type part." Conversely, smaller components—such as valves—that feature such flanged interfaces may indeed be appropriately categorized as "flange-type parts."
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AISI 422 12Cr-1Mo-1W-0.3V HEAT RESISTING Steel Flange BARS FOR TURBINE BLADES (SUH 616-B) Product Information
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AISI 422 12Cr-1Mo-1W-0.3V HEAT RESISTING Steel Flange BARS FOR TURBINE BLADES (SUH 616-B) Synonyms
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AISI 422 12Cr-1Mo-1W-0.3V HEAT RESISTING STEEL BARS FOR TURBINE BLADES (SUH 616-B) Product Information
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# **Product Introduction: AISI 422 / 12Cr-1Mo-1W-0.3V Martensitic Stainless Steel for Turbine Components**
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## **1. Overview**
**AISI 422** is a high-strength, martensitic, precipitation-hardenable stainless steel specifically engineered for high-temperature strength, creep resistance, and corrosion/oxidation resistance. Its nominal composition of **12% Chromium, 1% Molybdenum, 1% Tungsten, and 0.3% Vanadium** places it in the category of advanced heat-resisting steels. This alloy is primarily supplied in the form of **bars, forgings, and billets** for the manufacture of critical rotating and stationary components in steam and gas turbines. The designation **SUH 616-B** refers to its Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) code, widely recognized in the power generation industry. Its unique combination of properties makes it indispensable for parts operating under high centrifugal stress, elevated temperature, and corrosive/erosive environments.
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## **2. International Standards**
This material is recognized under various international specifications tailored for high-temperature service.
* **Primary Standards (Bar & Forging):**
* **ASTM A565 / ASME SA-565 (Grade 616):** *Standard Specification for Martensitic Stainless Steel Bars, Forgings, and Forging Stock for High-Temperature Service.* This is the most common ASTM specification for this grade.
* **AMS 5616:** Aerospace Material Specification for a closely related composition.
* **JIS G4311 / G4312 SUH 616-B:** Japanese Industrial Standard for heat-resisting steel bars and forgings.
* **Key International & Industry Equivalents:**
* **UNS S42200:** Unified Numbering System designation.
* **EN 10095 X20CrMoWV12-1 / 1.4935:** The European standard (EN) for similar heat-resisting steels.
* **DIN 1.4935:** The German material number.
* **GB/T 1221 1Cr12W1MoV:** Chinese national standard equivalent.
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## **3. Chemical Composition (Weight %, Typical)**
The alloying strategy is optimized for strength and stability at high temperatures.
| Element | Typical Range (%) | Role & Benefit |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **Carbon (C)** | 0.20 – 0.25 | Essential for martensite formation, provides base strength and wear resistance. |
| **Chromium (Cr)** | 11.00 – 13.00 | **Primary alloy.** Provides oxidation and corrosion resistance in steam and mild atmospheres, and contributes to strength. |
| **Molybdenum (Mo)** | 0.75 – 1.25 | Enhances high-temperature strength, creep resistance, and hardenability. |
| **Tungsten (W)** | 0.75 – 1.25 | **Key alloy.** Provides solid solution strengthening and significantly improves **long-term creep strength** by stabilizing carbides. |
| **Vanadium (V)** | 0.20 – 0.30 | **Critical microalloy.** Forms fine, stable **vanadium carbides (VC)** that provide **precipitation hardening** during tempering, crucial for high-temperature strength and creep resistance. |
| **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.50 – 1.00 | Aids in deoxidation and improves hardenability. |
| **Silicon (Si)** | 0.50 (max) | Deoxidizer, improves oxidation resistance. |
| **Phosphorus (P)** | ≤ 0.025 | Impurity, controlled for toughness. |
| **Sulfur (S)** | ≤ 0.025 | Impurity, controlled for hot workability and ductility. |
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## **4. Typical Physical & Mechanical Properties (Hardened & Tempered Condition)**
* **Heat Treatment:** Standard treatment involves **Austenitizing (~1050-1100°C)** followed by **Oil or Air Quenching**, and **Double Tempering** (typically first temper ~650-750°C, second temper slightly lower) to achieve the optimal balance of strength and toughness.
* **Tensile Strength:** 930 - 1130 MPa (135,000 - 165,000 psi)
* **Yield Strength (0.2% Offset):** ≥ 760 MPa (110,000 psi)
* **Elongation:** ≥ 12% (in 50mm)
* **Reduction of Area:** ≥ 45%
* **Hardness:** 28 - 36 HRC (typical for service)
* **Density:** ~ 7.75 g/cm³
* **Modulus of Elasticity:** ~ 215 GPa (31 x 10⁶ psi) at 20°C
* **Thermal Conductivity:** ~ 25 W/m·K (at 100°C)
* **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion:** ~ 11.0 x 10⁻⁶ /K (20-100°C)
* **Critical High-Temperature Performance:**
* **Maximum Service Temperature:** Suitable for long-term service up to **~580-620°C (1075-1150°F)**.
* **Outstanding Creep & Rupture Strength:** The synergistic effect of Mo, W, and V provides exceptional resistance to deformation under stress at high temperatures.
* **Good Oxidation Resistance:** The 12% Cr content provides adequate protection in steam and mild flue gas environments typical of turbines.
* **High Fatigue Strength:** Essential for rotating blades subjected to cyclic stresses.
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## **5. Product Application**
AISI 422 (SUH 616-B) is a premium material selected for the most demanding, high-stress components in thermal energy systems.
* **Steam Turbines:**
* **High-Pressure (HP) & Intermediate-Pressure (IP) Turbine Blades and Buckets** (especially the final stages of HP/IP sections).
* **Stationary Components:** Nozzle diaphragms, spacer rings, and high-temperature bolting.
* **Gas Turbines:**
* **Compressor Blades** in later stages where temperature and stress are high.
* **Turbine Disks and Shafts** (for smaller or specialized turbines).
* **Aerospace:** Components for auxiliary power units (APUs) and certain engine parts.
* **High-Temperature Fasteners and Valves** for critical service.
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## **6. Key Features & Advantages**
* **Superior High-Temperature Strength:** One of the strongest commercially available martensitic stainless steels at temperatures above 500°C, thanks to its precipitation-hardening mechanism.
* **Excellent Creep-Rupture Properties:** The combination of tungsten and vanadium offers exceptional long-term load-bearing capability at elevated temperatures.
* **Good Damping Capacity:** Martensitic structure provides better vibration damping than austenitic steels, beneficial for rotating blades.
* **Good Oxidation & Corrosion Resistance:** Suitable for steam and moderately aggressive environments encountered in turbines.
* **High Hardenability:** Can be through-hardened in large sections, making it suitable for large forgings like turbine rotors.
* **Balanced Properties:** Achieves an optimal trade-off between strength, toughness, and high-temperature stability through precise heat treatment.
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**In summary, AISI 422 (12Cr-1Mo-1W-0.3V / SUH 616-B) is a high-performance martensitic heat-resisting steel bar and forging stock. It is the material of choice for critical turbine components requiring an unmatched combination of ultra-high strength, exceptional creep resistance, and adequate oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures, enabling higher efficiency and reliability in modern power generation equipment.**
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AISI 422 12Cr-1Mo-1W-0.3V HEAT RESISTING STEEL BARS FOR TURBINE BLADES (SUH 616-B) Specification
Dimensions
Size：
Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <7015 mm
Size:We can customized as required
Standard：
Per your request or drawing
We can customized as required
Properties（Theoretical）
Chemical Composition
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AISI 422 12Cr-1Mo-1W-0.3V HEAT RESISTING STEEL BARS FOR TURBINE BLADES (SUH 616-B) Properties
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Applications of AISI 422 12Cr-1Mo-1W-0.3V HEAT RESISTING Steel Flange BARS FOR TURBINE BLADES (SUH 616-B)
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Chemical Identifiers AISI 422 12Cr-1Mo-1W-0.3V HEAT RESISTING Steel Flange BARS FOR TURBINE BLADES (SUH 616-B)
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Packing of AISI 422 12Cr-1Mo-1W-0.3V HEAT RESISTING Steel Flange BARS FOR TURBINE BLADES (SUH 616-B)
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Standard Packing:
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Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Flange drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 3486 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition
