AISI Type D2 Tool Steel Flange

1,We Manufacturing processes are primarily classified into four types: 1:Forging, 2:Casting, 3:Cutting, 4:Rolling. 2,We can manufacture in accordance with these standards. Standards: GB Series (Chinese Standards), JB Series (Machinery Standards), HG Series (Chemical Industry Standards), ASME B16.5 (American Standards), BS4504 (British Standards), DIN (German Standards), and JIS (Japanese Standards). Internationally, there are two primary systems of pipe flange standards: the European system, represented by the German DIN standards (including those of the former Soviet Union), and the American system, represented by the US ANSI pipe flange standards. Other common standards include: the Chinese Ministry of Machinery Industry standards (JB series), the Ministry of Chemical Industry standards (HG series), the Chinese National Standard *GB/T 9112–9124-2010 Steel Pipe Flanges*, as well as US standards (ASME B16.5), British standards (BS4504), German standards (DIN), Japanese standards (JIS), and marine standards (CBM), among others. The nominal pressure ratings for the PN series are designated by "PN" and comprise the following nine levels: PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63, PN100, and PN160. The nominal pressure ratings for the Class series are designated by "Class" and comprise the following six levels: Class150, Class300, Class600, Class900, Class1500, and Class2500. Flange Classification 1. **According to Chemical Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange (PL), Necked Flat Welding Flange (SO), Necked Butt Welding Flange (WN), Integral Flange (IF), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Threaded Flange (Th), Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/SE), Blind Flange (BL), Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/PJ), and Lined Blind Flange (BL(s)). 2. **According to Petrochemical (SH) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Threaded Flange (PL), Butt Welding Flange (WN), Flat Welding Flange (SO), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Loose Flange (LJ), and Blind Flange (no specific designation). 3. **According to Machinery (JB) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Integral Flange, Butt Welding Flange, Plate Flat Welding Flange, Butt Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Lap Joint Ring Plate Loose Flange, and Blind Flange. 4. **According to Connection Method/Type:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange, Necked Flat Welding Flange, Necked Butt Welding Flange, Socket Welding Flange, Threaded Flange, Blind Flange, Necked Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange, Ring-Type Joint (RTJ) Flange and Blind Flange, Large-Diameter Plate Flange, Large-Diameter High-Neck Flange, Figure-8 Blind Plate, Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, etc. 5. **According to the Component Being Connected:** Flanges can be classified into Vessel Flanges and Pipe Flanges. 6. **According to Structural Type:** Flanges include Integral Flanges, Threaded Flanges, Flat Welding Flanges, Butt Welding Flanges, Lap Joint (Loose/Swivel) Flanges, and Blind Flanges. A flange—also referred to as a flange plate or rim—is a component used to connect shafts to one another, or, more commonly, to join the ends of pipes. Flanges are also utilized at the inlet and outlet ports of equipment to facilitate connections between two devices—for instance, the flange on a speed reducer. A "flange connection" or "flanged joint" refers to a detachable joint assembly comprising three interconnected elements—a flange, a gasket, and bolts—that together form a sealed structural unit. In the context of piping systems, a "pipe flange" specifically denotes a flange used for plumbing within the installation; when applied to equipment, it refers to the inlet or outlet flange of that specific device. Flanges feature a series of holes through which bolts are inserted to securely fasten the two flanges together, while a gasket placed between the flanges ensures a leak-proof seal. Flanges are broadly categorized into three types: threaded (screw-in) flanges, welded flanges, and clamp-type flanges. Flanges are invariably used in pairs; threaded flanges are suitable for low-pressure piping applications, whereas welded flanges are required for systems operating at pressures exceeding 4 kilograms per square centimeter. A sealing gasket is inserted between the two flange plates, which are then firmly secured using bolts. The thickness of a flange—as well as the specifications of the bolts used to fasten it—vary depending on the specific pressure rating required for the application. When connecting equipment such as water pumps or valves to piping systems, the corresponding connection points on these devices are often manufactured in the shape of a matching flange; this method of attachment is also referred to as a "flange connection." Generally, any connecting component that utilizes bolts to join and seal the perimeters of two flat surfaces—such as the joints in ventilation ducts—is termed a "flange"; such components may collectively be classified as "flange-type parts." However, since such a connection often constitutes merely a *portion* of a larger device—for instance, the interface between a flange and a water pump—it would be inappropriate to classify the entire water pump itself as a "flange-type part." Conversely, smaller components—such as valves—that feature such flanged interfaces may indeed be appropriately categorized as "flange-type parts." -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI Type D2 Tool Steel Flange, air quenched at 1010°C, tempered at 200°C Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI Type D2 Tool Steel Flange, air quenched at 1010°C, tempered at 200°C Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

AISI Type D2 Tool Steel, air quenched at 1010°C, tempered at 200°C Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # Technical Datasheet: AISI D2 Tool Steel (Air-Hardening, High-Carbon, High-Chromium Cold Work Steel) ## Heat Treatment Specification: Austentized at 1010°C, Air Quenched & Tempered at 200°C --- ### **1. Product Overview** **AISI D2** is a high-carbon, high-chromium, **air-hardening tool steel** classified as a **cold work steel**. When heat treated via the specified regimen of **austenitizing at 1010°C followed by air quenching and tempering at 200°C**, it achieves an exceptional combination of very high hardness, outstanding wear resistance, and good dimensional stability during heat treatment. This steel is renowned for its high volume of hard, wear-resistant carbides, primarily chromium carbides (M₇C₃), which grant it superior abrasion resistance compared to many other tool steels. This specific heat treatment profile prioritizes **maximum hardness and wear resistance** while maintaining sufficient toughness for demanding cold work applications. It is a through-hardening steel, supplied in the annealed condition and requires final heat treatment by the toolmaker or end-user. --- ### **2. Key International Standards & Designations** | Country/System | Standard Designation | Equivalent Grade Name | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **USA (AISI/SAE)** | **Type D2** | UNS T30402 | | **USA (ASTM)** | **ASTM A681** | Standard Specification for Tool Steels (Alloy) | | **ISO** | **ISO 4957** | **1.2379** / X153CrMoV12 | | **Europe (EN)** | **EN ISO 4957** | **1.2379** / X153CrMoV12-1 | | **Germany (DIN/W-Nr.)** | **1.2379** | X155CrVMo12-1 | | **Japan (JIS)** | **JIS G4404** | **SKD11** | | **United Kingdom (BS)** | **BD2** | - | --- ### **3. Chemical Composition (Nominal %)** The composition of D2 is balanced to form a large volume of hard carbides while retaining adequate hardenability and toughness. | Element | Weight % (Nominal) | Metallurgical Function | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Carbon (C)** | 1.50 - 1.60 | Primary hardening element; combines with Cr to form hard carbides. | | **Chromium (Cr)** | 11.00 - 13.00 | Provides deep hardenability, high wear/abrasion resistance (via M₇C₃ carbides), and improves corrosion resistance. | | **Molybdenum (Mo)** | 0.70 - 1.20 | Enhances hardenability, refines grain structure, improves toughness and wear resistance. | | **Vanadium (V)** | 0.90 - 1.10 | Forms very hard, fine V-carbides for secondary hardening, wear resistance, and grain refinement. | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.10 - 0.60 | Deoxidizer; improves strength. | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.20 - 0.60 | Enhances hardenability and acts as a deoxidizer. | | **Phosphorus (P)** | ≤ 0.030 | Impurity (controlled). | | **Sulfur (S)** | ≤ 0.030 | Impurity (can be controlled to improve machinability in annealed state). | **Key Microstructural Feature:** Contains a **high volume fraction (~12-16%) of primary alloy carbides**, making it one of the most wear-resistant tool steels but also contributing to lower toughness and more challenging machinability. --- ### **4. Physical & Mechanical Properties (After 1010°C Air Quench + 200°C Temper)** #### **4.1 Heat Treatment Cycle** * **Preheat:** 800-850°C (to minimize thermal shock and distortion) * **Austenitize:** **1010°C** (1850°F) - Soak time: 20-40 min/inch of thickness. Lower end of austenitizing range promotes higher toughness; this specific temperature optimizes carbide solutioning for high hardness. * **Quench:** **Still or forced air**. Excellent dimensional stability with minimal risk of cracking compared to oil quenching. * **Temper:** Immediately after quenching to room temperature. **200°C (392°F)** for 2+ hours, double tempering is mandatory. * **Expected As-Quenched Hardness:** ~62-64 HRC. * **Expected Post-Temper Hardness (after 200°C x 2):** **60-62 HRC**. #### **4.2 Final Mechanical Properties** | Property | Value / Rating | Notes | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Hardness** | **60 - 62 HRC** | Primary achieved property; excellent for wear. | | **Compressive Strength** | ~ 3000 - 3400 MPa | Extremely high. | | **Tensile Strength** | ~ 2000 - 2200 MPa | | | **Yield Strength** | ~ 1800 - 2000 MPa | | | **Modulus of Elasticity** | ~ 210 GPa | | | **Impact Toughness** | **Relatively Low** (~10-20 J). The high hardness and carbide volume limit toughness. This is the trade-off for extreme wear resistance. | | **Wear Resistance** | **Excellent** | Among the best for cold work steels due to high hard carbide volume. | | **Dimensional Stability** | **Very Good** | Air quenching minimizes stresses and distortion. | | **Resistance to Softening** | Good up to ~425°C (800°F) due to secondary hardening from Mo and V carbides during tempering. However, this specific low temper (200°C) does not exploit full secondary hardening. | #### **4.3 Physical Properties (Approx.)** * Density: 7.70 g/cm³ * Thermal Conductivity: 20 W/m·K (low, heats up quickly during machining) * Coefficient of Thermal Expansion: 10.4 x 10⁻⁶/K (20-100°C) --- ### **5. Typical Product Applications** This high-hardness condition of D2 steel is specified for applications where **extreme wear resistance is the primary concern** and impact loads are minimal to moderate. * **Long-Run Cold Work Tooling:** * Blanking and punching dies for sheet metal. * Forming rolls and burnishing tools. * Thread rolling dies and knurls. * Powder compacting dies. * **Precision Gauges & Measuring Instruments:** Where dimensional stability and wear resistance are critical. * **Industrial Knives & Blades:** * Slitter knives for paper, plastic, and metal. * Cutting blades for abrasive materials like fiberglass and composites. * Industrial shear blades. * **Woodworking Tools:** High-wear planer blades and chipper knives for processed wood. * **Plastic Injection Molds:** For molding abrasive plastics (e.g., filled grades like fiberglass-reinforced polymers). --- ### **6. Processing & Machining Guidelines** * **Annealed Condition:** Supplied at ~200-255 HB for machining. * **Machinability:** **Poor (approx. 30% of 1% C steel).** The high carbide content is abrasive to cutting tools. Use rigid setups, positive rake angles, and carbide or ceramic tooling. * **Grindability:** **Fair to Poor.** Use appropriate aluminum oxide or silicon carbide wheels with light passes and ample coolant to avoid grinding burns. * **EDM Machining:** Commonly used for finished tool geometries after heat treatment. A **stress-relief temper** is recommended after EDM to remove the white layer/recast surface. --- ### **7. Comparison & Selection Notes** * **vs. A2 Tool Steel:** D2 has significantly higher wear resistance (more carbides) but lower toughness. A2 is tougher and less prone to chipping. * **vs. M2 High-Speed Steel:** D2 has better wear resistance and lower cost but inferior hot hardness and red-hardness. M2 is for high-speed cutting where heat is generated. * **vs. CPM 10V / 20V (Powder Metallurgy):** PM grades offer even higher wear resistance with better toughness due to a finer, more uniform carbide distribution. They are premium alternatives. * **Why This Specific Heat Treat?** The **1010°C austenitize + 200°C temper** cycle is chosen to **maximize hardness and wear resistance** for severe abrasive wear applications where tool toughness is a secondary concern. For applications requiring a better toughness/hardness balance, a higher austenitizing temperature (e.g., 1025-1040°C) and a higher tempering temperature (e.g., 400-525°C) would be used. --- ### **8. Important Design & Handling Notes** * **Toughness Limitation:** Tools in this condition are **brittle**. Avoid sharp internal corners (use generous radii), sudden section changes, and high-impact applications. * **Corrosion Resistance:** The high chromium content provides **moderate corrosion resistance** (stainless-like under non-aggressive conditions) but it is not a stainless steel. For wet environments, protection or a stainless grade (like 440C) may be needed. * **Stress Relieving:** Always perform **double tempering** (or triple) to ensure complete transformation of retained austenite and stress relief. --- ### **9. Conclusion** **AISI D2 tool steel, heat treated via air quenching from 1010°C and tempered at 200°C, is a specialist material engineered for maximal wear resistance.** It delivers an exceptional service life in cold work applications involving severe abrasion, such as blanking dies for abrasive materials, long-run forming tools, and industrial knives. Designers and toolmakers must respect its inherent lower toughness by employing robust tool designs and proper grinding/EDM practices. When the primary failure mode is wear, not chipping or fracture, this specific grade and heat treatment combination represents a highly cost-effective and high-performance solution. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI Type D2 Tool Steel, air quenched at 1010°C, tempered at 200°C Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <5208 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI Type D2 Tool Steel, air quenched at 1010°C, tempered at 200°C Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of AISI Type D2 Tool Steel Flange, air quenched at 1010°C, tempered at 200°C -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers AISI Type D2 Tool Steel Flange, air quenched at 1010°C, tempered at 200°C -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of AISI Type D2 Tool Steel Flange, air quenched at 1010°C, tempered at 200°C -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Flange drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 1679 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition