ASTM A439 Austenitic Ductile Iron Flange type D2

1,We Manufacturing processes are primarily classified into four types: 1:Forging, 2:Casting, 3:Cutting, 4:Rolling. 2,We can manufacture in accordance with these standards. Standards: GB Series (Chinese Standards), JB Series (Machinery Standards), HG Series (Chemical Industry Standards), ASME B16.5 (American Standards), BS4504 (British Standards), DIN (German Standards), and JIS (Japanese Standards). Internationally, there are two primary systems of pipe flange standards: the European system, represented by the German DIN standards (including those of the former Soviet Union), and the American system, represented by the US ANSI pipe flange standards. Other common standards include: the Chinese Ministry of Machinery Industry standards (JB series), the Ministry of Chemical Industry standards (HG series), the Chinese National Standard *GB/T 9112–9124-2010 Steel Pipe Flanges*, as well as US standards (ASME B16.5), British standards (BS4504), German standards (DIN), Japanese standards (JIS), and marine standards (CBM), among others. The nominal pressure ratings for the PN series are designated by "PN" and comprise the following nine levels: PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63, PN100, and PN160. The nominal pressure ratings for the Class series are designated by "Class" and comprise the following six levels: Class150, Class300, Class600, Class900, Class1500, and Class2500. Flange Classification 1. **According to Chemical Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange (PL), Necked Flat Welding Flange (SO), Necked Butt Welding Flange (WN), Integral Flange (IF), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Threaded Flange (Th), Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/SE), Blind Flange (BL), Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/PJ), and Lined Blind Flange (BL(s)). 2. **According to Petrochemical (SH) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Threaded Flange (PL), Butt Welding Flange (WN), Flat Welding Flange (SO), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Loose Flange (LJ), and Blind Flange (no specific designation). 3. **According to Machinery (JB) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Integral Flange, Butt Welding Flange, Plate Flat Welding Flange, Butt Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Lap Joint Ring Plate Loose Flange, and Blind Flange. 4. **According to Connection Method/Type:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange, Necked Flat Welding Flange, Necked Butt Welding Flange, Socket Welding Flange, Threaded Flange, Blind Flange, Necked Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange, Ring-Type Joint (RTJ) Flange and Blind Flange, Large-Diameter Plate Flange, Large-Diameter High-Neck Flange, Figure-8 Blind Plate, Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, etc. 5. **According to the Component Being Connected:** Flanges can be classified into Vessel Flanges and Pipe Flanges. 6. **According to Structural Type:** Flanges include Integral Flanges, Threaded Flanges, Flat Welding Flanges, Butt Welding Flanges, Lap Joint (Loose/Swivel) Flanges, and Blind Flanges. A flange—also referred to as a flange plate or rim—is a component used to connect shafts to one another, or, more commonly, to join the ends of pipes. Flanges are also utilized at the inlet and outlet ports of equipment to facilitate connections between two devices—for instance, the flange on a speed reducer. A "flange connection" or "flanged joint" refers to a detachable joint assembly comprising three interconnected elements—a flange, a gasket, and bolts—that together form a sealed structural unit. In the context of piping systems, a "pipe flange" specifically denotes a flange used for plumbing within the installation; when applied to equipment, it refers to the inlet or outlet flange of that specific device. Flanges feature a series of holes through which bolts are inserted to securely fasten the two flanges together, while a gasket placed between the flanges ensures a leak-proof seal. Flanges are broadly categorized into three types: threaded (screw-in) flanges, welded flanges, and clamp-type flanges. Flanges are invariably used in pairs; threaded flanges are suitable for low-pressure piping applications, whereas welded flanges are required for systems operating at pressures exceeding 4 kilograms per square centimeter. A sealing gasket is inserted between the two flange plates, which are then firmly secured using bolts. The thickness of a flange—as well as the specifications of the bolts used to fasten it—vary depending on the specific pressure rating required for the application. When connecting equipment such as water pumps or valves to piping systems, the corresponding connection points on these devices are often manufactured in the shape of a matching flange; this method of attachment is also referred to as a "flange connection." Generally, any connecting component that utilizes bolts to join and seal the perimeters of two flat surfaces—such as the joints in ventilation ducts—is termed a "flange"; such components may collectively be classified as "flange-type parts." However, since such a connection often constitutes merely a *portion* of a larger device—for instance, the interface between a flange and a water pump—it would be inappropriate to classify the entire water pump itself as a "flange-type part." Conversely, smaller components—such as valves—that feature such flanged interfaces may indeed be appropriately categorized as "flange-type parts." -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A439 Austenitic Ductile Iron Flange type D2 Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A439 Austenitic Ductile Iron Flange type D2 Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

ASTM A439 Austenitic Ductile Iron type D2 Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **Product Technical Data Sheet: ASTM A439 Austenitic Ductile Iron – Type D-2** --- ## **1. Product Overview** **ASTM A439 Type D-2 Austenitic Ductile Iron** is a **high-nickel, chromium-alloyed austenitic spheroidal graphite iron** designed for **superior corrosion resistance, exceptional heat resistance, and excellent non-magnetic properties**. Unlike standard ferritic or pearlitic ductile irons, Type D-2 possesses a **stable austenitic matrix** at all temperatures, providing outstanding performance in aggressive chemical environments, high-temperature service, and applications requiring dimensional stability and non-ferromagnetic characteristics. It is a premier engineering material for severe service conditions where standard ductile irons and many stainless steels are inadequate. --- ## **2. Governing Standards & Specifications** This alloy is formally defined by U.S. standards, with direct equivalents in international systems. * **Primary Standard:** * **ASTM A439** - *Standard Specification for Austenitic Ductile Iron Castings* * **International Equivalents:** * **ISO 2892:** *Austenitic cast irons* – Type D-2 corresponds approximately to **AUS 202** or **L-NiCuCr 15 6 2**. * **EN 13835:** *Austenitic cast irons* – Designated as **EN-JS 2029**. * **SAE J434:** May be referenced as **D5S**. * **Common Trade Names:** * **Ni-Resist® Type D-2** (A proprietary grade from SMC and other foundries) * **Key Referenced Testing Standards:** * **ASTM E8:** Tensile Testing * **ASTM E10:** Brinell Hardness * **ASTM A247:** Microstructure Evaluation * **ASTM G48:** Pitting and Crevice Corrosion Resistance Testing --- ## **3. Chemical Composition Requirements (per ASTM A439)** The composition is the foundation of its austenitic structure and corrosion resistance. | Element | Composition Range (wt.%, ASTM A439) | Functional Role & Metallurgical Rationale | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Carbon (C)** | 2.60 - 3.00 | Provides graphite for machinability and castability; controlled to balance strength and avoid excessive carbides. | | **Silicon (Si)** | 1.50 - 2.50 | Promotes graphitization and solid solution strengthening. | | **Nickel (Ni)** | **18.00 - 22.00** | **Primary Austenite Stabilizer.** Ensures a fully austenitic matrix from cryogenic to melting temperatures, providing ductility, toughness, and non-magnetic properties. Also enhances corrosion resistance. | | **Chromium (Cr)** | **1.75 - 2.50** | **Key for Corrosion & Heat Resistance.** Forms a protective Cr₂O₃ passive layer, significantly improving resistance to oxidizing acids, pitting, and high-temperature scaling. Strengthens the matrix. | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.50 - 1.50 | Promotes austenite stability and combines with sulfur. | | **Copper (Cu)** | **≤ 0.50** | May be present; intentionally low in Type D-2 to optimize specific corrosion resistance compared to higher-Cu Ni-Resist grades. | | **Magnesium (Mg)** | ≥ 0.07 (min., residual) | Ensures spheroidal graphite formation. | | **Phosphorus (P)** | ≤ 0.08 | Kept low to prevent embrittlement. | | **Sulfur (S)** | ≤ 0.03 | Kept low. | --- ## **4. Physical & Mechanical Properties** Type D-2 offers a unique combination of properties distinct from standard ductile irons. | Property | Typical Value / Range | Notes & Significance | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Tensile Strength, min.** | **414 MPa (60,000 psi)** | Provides good load-bearing capacity. | | **Yield Strength (0.2% offset), min.** | **207 MPa (30,000 psi)** | Moderate yield strength characteristic of stable austenites. | | **Elongation, min.** | **20%** | **Excellent ductility,** allowing it to withstand deformation and thermal stresses without cracking. | | **Hardness (Brinell, HBW)** | **140 - 190 HBW** | Relatively soft, contributing to excellent machinability and galling resistance. | | **Modulus of Elasticity** | **~110 - 125 GPa (16 - 18 x 10⁶ psi)** | **Significantly lower** than ferritic ductile irons (~170 GPa). Important for deflection calculations and thermal stress considerations. | | **Impact Resistance** | **Excellent at all temperatures.** Maintains good toughness from cryogenic temperatures up to its service limit. | | **Density** | **~7.4 g/cm³** | Slightly higher than standard ductile iron. | | **Magnetic Permeability** | **Effectively Non-Magnetic (µᵣ ~1.05 - 1.10).** A key property for electronic, marine, and scientific applications. | | **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion** | **~18 x 10⁻⁶ /°C** | **High.** Similar to austenitic stainless steels. Requires careful design for thermal cycling with dissimilar metals. | | **Thermal Conductivity** | **~12 W/m·K** | **Low.** About 1/3 that of standard ductile iron. Affects heat transfer and thermal shock resistance. | | **High-Temperature Scaling Resistance** | **Excellent up to ~870°C (1600°F).** The combined Ni-Cr content provides superior resistance to oxidation and growth in continuous service. | | **Corrosion Resistance** | **Outstanding.** Excellent resistance to:
• **Seawater & brine**
• **Alkalis**
• **Many organic acids**
• **Dilute sulfuric, phosphoric, and nitric acids**
Resists pitting and stress corrosion cracking in chlorides. | --- ## **5. Product Applications** ASTM A439 Type D-2 is specified for some of the most demanding applications across multiple industries. * **Chemical & Petrochemical Processing:** * **Pump & valve bodies** handling corrosive chemicals, caustics, and acids. * **Heat exchanger castings, reactor components, and distillation column internals.** * **Marine & Offshore:** * **Seawater pump casings, impellers, valve bodies, and fittings.** * **Propeller shaft sleeves, stern tubes, and underwater instrument housings.** (Non-magnetic property is critical for degaussed vessels). * **Power Generation:** * **Geothermal brine pump components.** * **FGD (Flue Gas Desulfurization) system parts.** * **High-Temperature Service:** * **Exhaust manifolds, turbocharger housings, and furnace fixtures** where oxidation resistance and growth resistance are needed. * **Food & Pharmaceutical Processing:** Where corrosion resistance and cleanability are paramount. * **Cryogenic Applications:** **Components for LNG handling systems** due to good toughness at low temperatures. --- ## **6. Fabrication & Processing Notes** * **Condition:** Typically supplied **as-cast**. The austenitic structure is stable and does not require heat treatment for phase transformation. **Stress-relief annealing** may be used for dimensional stability in complex castings. * **Machinability:** **Good to Very Good.** The soft, ductile austenitic matrix produces long, stringy chips. Requires sharp, positive-rake tools, adequate cooling/lubrication, and moderate speeds/feeds. * **Weldability:** **Fair to Good (with proper procedures).** Uses matching or over-alloyed Ni-Cr-Mo filler metals (e.g., ENiCrFe-2, ENiCrFe-3). Requires pre-heat (~150-260°C) and controlled interpass temperature to prevent hot cracking and microfissuring in the HAZ. Post-weld heat treatment is often recommended. * **Casting Considerations:** Higher pouring temperatures and careful gating/risering are needed due to the high Ni content and lower fluidity compared to standard ductile iron. --- ## **7. Ordering Information** **Specify:** **"Austenitic Ductile Iron Castings, ASTM A439 Type D-2 (Ni-Resist D-2 equivalent)."** **Critical Details to Provide:** * **Applicable Standard & Grade** (ASTM A439 D-2). * **Part Drawing & Specification.** * **Service Environment** (chemical media, temperature, pressure) to confirm suitability. * **Certification Requirements:** Mill Test Report (MTR) including full chemical analysis and mechanical properties. For critical corrosion applications, **corrosion test coupons** or **Huey test** (ASTM A262 Practice C) results may be requested. * **Special Requirements:** Non-magnetic certification (maximum permeability), dimensional stability requirements, or specific NDT (PT, RT). --- ## **8. Key Advantages & Limitations Summary** * **Advantages:** * **Exceptional corrosion resistance** in a wide range of media. * **Excellent heat and oxidation resistance.** * **Outstanding ductility and toughness** across a wide temperature range. * **Non-magnetic properties.** * **Good machinability and galling resistance.** * **Limitations / Design Considerations:** * **Higher material cost** due to high nickel content. * **Lower yield strength and modulus of elasticity** than standard ductile irons. * **High coefficient of thermal expansion** requires accommodation in assemblies. * **Not resistant to strong oxidizing acids** (e.g., hot concentrated nitric) or reducing acids (e.g., hydrochloric) without inhibitors. * **Graphite in the structure** can be a limiting factor in some ultra-pure or high-vacuum applications compared to solid-solution alloys like stainless steel. **ASTM A439 Type D-2 is a versatile, high-performance alloy that solves complex material selection problems involving corrosion, heat, and magnetism, making it an indispensable material in the engineer's toolkit for severe-service applications.** -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A439 Austenitic Ductile Iron type D2 Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <6551 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A439 Austenitic Ductile Iron type D2 Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of ASTM A439 Austenitic Ductile Iron Flange type D2 -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers ASTM A439 Austenitic Ductile Iron Flange type D2 -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of ASTM A439 Austenitic Ductile Iron Flange type D2 -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Flange drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 3022 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition