Bethlehem Steel Flange ASTM A588, Steel Flange

1,We Manufacturing processes are primarily classified into four types: 1:Forging, 2:Casting, 3:Cutting, 4:Rolling. 2,We can manufacture in accordance with these standards. Standards: GB Series (Chinese Standards), JB Series (Machinery Standards), HG Series (Chemical Industry Standards), ASME B16.5 (American Standards), BS4504 (British Standards), DIN (German Standards), and JIS (Japanese Standards). Internationally, there are two primary systems of pipe flange standards: the European system, represented by the German DIN standards (including those of the former Soviet Union), and the American system, represented by the US ANSI pipe flange standards. Other common standards include: the Chinese Ministry of Machinery Industry standards (JB series), the Ministry of Chemical Industry standards (HG series), the Chinese National Standard *GB/T 9112–9124-2010 Steel Pipe Flanges*, as well as US standards (ASME B16.5), British standards (BS4504), German standards (DIN), Japanese standards (JIS), and marine standards (CBM), among others. The nominal pressure ratings for the PN series are designated by "PN" and comprise the following nine levels: PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63, PN100, and PN160. The nominal pressure ratings for the Class series are designated by "Class" and comprise the following six levels: Class150, Class300, Class600, Class900, Class1500, and Class2500. Flange Classification 1. **According to Chemical Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange (PL), Necked Flat Welding Flange (SO), Necked Butt Welding Flange (WN), Integral Flange (IF), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Threaded Flange (Th), Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/SE), Blind Flange (BL), Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/PJ), and Lined Blind Flange (BL(s)). 2. **According to Petrochemical (SH) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Threaded Flange (PL), Butt Welding Flange (WN), Flat Welding Flange (SO), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Loose Flange (LJ), and Blind Flange (no specific designation). 3. **According to Machinery (JB) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Integral Flange, Butt Welding Flange, Plate Flat Welding Flange, Butt Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Lap Joint Ring Plate Loose Flange, and Blind Flange. 4. **According to Connection Method/Type:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange, Necked Flat Welding Flange, Necked Butt Welding Flange, Socket Welding Flange, Threaded Flange, Blind Flange, Necked Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange, Ring-Type Joint (RTJ) Flange and Blind Flange, Large-Diameter Plate Flange, Large-Diameter High-Neck Flange, Figure-8 Blind Plate, Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, etc. 5. **According to the Component Being Connected:** Flanges can be classified into Vessel Flanges and Pipe Flanges. 6. **According to Structural Type:** Flanges include Integral Flanges, Threaded Flanges, Flat Welding Flanges, Butt Welding Flanges, Lap Joint (Loose/Swivel) Flanges, and Blind Flanges. A flange—also referred to as a flange plate or rim—is a component used to connect shafts to one another, or, more commonly, to join the ends of pipes. Flanges are also utilized at the inlet and outlet ports of equipment to facilitate connections between two devices—for instance, the flange on a speed reducer. A "flange connection" or "flanged joint" refers to a detachable joint assembly comprising three interconnected elements—a flange, a gasket, and bolts—that together form a sealed structural unit. In the context of piping systems, a "pipe flange" specifically denotes a flange used for plumbing within the installation; when applied to equipment, it refers to the inlet or outlet flange of that specific device. Flanges feature a series of holes through which bolts are inserted to securely fasten the two flanges together, while a gasket placed between the flanges ensures a leak-proof seal. Flanges are broadly categorized into three types: threaded (screw-in) flanges, welded flanges, and clamp-type flanges. Flanges are invariably used in pairs; threaded flanges are suitable for low-pressure piping applications, whereas welded flanges are required for systems operating at pressures exceeding 4 kilograms per square centimeter. A sealing gasket is inserted between the two flange plates, which are then firmly secured using bolts. The thickness of a flange—as well as the specifications of the bolts used to fasten it—vary depending on the specific pressure rating required for the application. When connecting equipment such as water pumps or valves to piping systems, the corresponding connection points on these devices are often manufactured in the shape of a matching flange; this method of attachment is also referred to as a "flange connection." Generally, any connecting component that utilizes bolts to join and seal the perimeters of two flat surfaces—such as the joints in ventilation ducts—is termed a "flange"; such components may collectively be classified as "flange-type parts." However, since such a connection often constitutes merely a *portion* of a larger device—for instance, the interface between a flange and a water pump—it would be inappropriate to classify the entire water pump itself as a "flange-type part." Conversely, smaller components—such as valves—that feature such flanged interfaces may indeed be appropriately categorized as "flange-type parts." -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Bethlehem Steel Flange ASTM A588 Grade B 3/16 to 4 in. thick, Steel Flange plate Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Bethlehem Steel Flange ASTM A588 Grade B 3/16 to 4 in. thick, Steel Flange plate Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Bethlehem Steel ASTM A588 Grade B 3/16 to 4 in. thick, steel plate Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ## **Product Specification: Bethlehem Steel ASTM A588 Grade B Steel Plate (3/16" to 4" Thick)** **Product Overview** Bethlehem Steel ASTM A588 Grade B is a high-strength, low-alloy structural steel plate specifically formulated for superior atmospheric corrosion resistance. This product combines a minimum yield strength of 50 ksi (345 MPa) with a corrosion resistance approximately four times that of carbon steel, developing a protective oxide patina when exposed to weathering. Available in an exceptionally broad thickness range from 3/16 inch (4.8 mm) to 4 inches (101.6 mm), it provides engineers with a versatile material solution for exposed structural applications where durability, aesthetics, and reduced maintenance are paramount. **International Standard Compliance** * **Primary Standard:** **ASTM A588/A588M** - Standard Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel with 50 ksi [345 MPa] Minimum Yield Point to 4 in. [100 mm] Thick * **Grade Designation:** Grade B (Also known as A588-B) * **Alternative U.S. Specifications:** AASHTO M222 (for highway structures) * **International Equivalents:** - **EN Standard:** EN 10025-5 S355J2W (Weathering Steel) - **JIS Standard:** G3114 SMA570 (Weathering steel for welded structures) - **ISO Standard:** ISO 4952 WR 50 (Weathering grades) * **Common Brand Names:** "Bethalume" (Bethlehem's proprietary weathering steel brand), Cor-Ten B * **Certifications:** Recognized by major international building codes; suitable for CE marking under Construction Products Regulation **Chemical Composition (Heat Analysis, Weight %)** The unique chemical composition is specifically designed to form a stable, adherent rust layer (patina) that inhibits further corrosion while providing enhanced strength. | Element | ASTM A588 Grade B Requirement | Typical Bethlehem Practice | Role in Weathering Performance | |---------|--------------------------------|----------------------------|-------------------------------| | Carbon (C) | 0.20% max | 0.15 - 0.18% | Strength with weldability | | Manganese (Mn) | 0.75 - 1.35% | 0.90 - 1.20% | Strength and hardenability | | Phosphorus (P) | 0.04% max | 0.010 - 0.020% | Atmospheric corrosion resistance | | Sulfur (S) | 0.05% max | 0.008 - 0.015% | Controlled for weldability | | Silicon (Si) | 0.15 - 0.30% | 0.20 - 0.25% | Deoxidizer and corrosion resistance | | Copper (Cu) | 0.20 - 0.40% | 0.25 - 0.35% | Primary corrosion resistance element | | Chromium (Cr) | 0.40 - 0.65% | 0.45 - 0.60% | Corrosion resistance and patina formation | | Nickel (Ni) | 0.25 - 0.50% | 0.30 - 0.40% | Corrosion resistance in industrial atmospheres | | Vanadium (V) | 0.01 - 0.10% | 0.03 - 0.07% | Grain refinement and precipitation strengthening | | **Carbon Equivalent (CE IIW)** | **0.44 max** | **0.35 - 0.40** | Calculated for weldability assessment | | **Pcm (Weld Crack Parameter)** | **N/A** | **0.18 - 0.22** | Particularly important for thicker sections | *Note: For thicknesses >2", Bethlehem typically employed modified chemistries with slightly lower carbon and adjusted micro-alloying to maintain through-thickness properties.* **Physical & Mechanical Properties** **1. Standard Mechanical Properties:** - **Yield Strength (min):** 50 ksi (345 MPa) up to 4" thickness - **Tensile Strength:** 70 ksi min (485 MPa min) - **Yield-to-Tensile Ratio:** 0.70 - 0.80 (typical) - **Elongation in 2":** 21% min (for thicknesses ≤ ¾") - **Elongation in 8":** 18% min (for thicknesses ≤ ¾") **2. Thickness-Dependent Properties:** *For plates over ¾" thick, elongation requirements are reduced:* - **2" elongation:** 19% min (>¾" to 1½") - **2" elongation:** 17% min (>1½" to 4") **3. Corrosion Performance:** - **Corrosion Rate:** Typically 0.3 - 0.5 mils/year (7.5 - 12.5 µm/year) in industrial atmospheres - **Comparative Performance:** 4-6 times more resistant than carbon steel (ASTM A36) - **Patina Formation:** Develops protective oxide layer within 6-18 months of exposure - **Minimum Copper Content:** 0.20% to ensure weathering characteristics **4. Impact Properties:** - **Charpy V-Notch Requirements:** 15 ft-lb (20 J) min at +70°F (+21°C) for most structural applications - **Low Temperature Toughness:** Available with testing at 0°F (-18°C) or -40°F (-40°C) when specified - **Through-Thickness Toughness:** Maintains consistent values across thickness range with proper processing **5. Physical Constants:** - **Density:** 0.284 lb/in³ (7.86 g/cm³) - **Modulus of Elasticity:** 29,000 ksi (200 GPa) - **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion:** 6.5 × 10⁻⁶/°F (11.7 × 10⁻⁶/°C) - **Thermal Conductivity:** 24.9 BTU·in/(hr·ft²·°F) at 212°F - **Specific Heat:** 0.11 BTU/(lb·°F) **6. Technological Properties:** - **Weldability:** Excellent (AWS D1.1 Group II) - **Carbon Equivalent Range:** 0.35 - 0.44 depending on thickness - **Preheat Requirements:** - ≤ ¾": Generally not required for most conditions - >¾" to 2": 100-200°F (38-93°C) - >2" to 4": 200-300°F (93-149°C) - **Machinability:** 60% of B1112 (good with proper tooling) - **Formability:** Good; minimum bend radius of 2t for 90° bending - **Flame Cutting:** Performs well; patina reforms in cut areas **Product Applications** **1. Transportation Infrastructure:** - Highway and railway bridges (girders, floor beams, bracing) - Overpasses and flyovers - Sound barrier supports - Guard rail and safety barrier components **2. Architectural & Building Structures:** - Exposed structural frames for commercial buildings - Facade supports and sunscreens - Sculptural elements and public art installations - Roof structures and canopies **3. Utility & Industrial Structures:** - Transmission towers and utility poles - Crane runways and support structures - Industrial walkways and platforms - Material handling equipment frames **4. Specialized Applications:** - Marine structures in splash zones (with proper design) - Agricultural equipment frames - Mining equipment components - Railroad car components **5. Landscaping & Site Features:** - Retaining walls and erosion control structures - Signage supports and lighting poles - Park structures and observation towers **Unique Weathering Characteristics** **Patina Development Process:** 1. **Initial Rusting:** Orange-brown rust forms within weeks 2. **Stabilization:** Rust darkens and becomes more adherent over 6-18 months 3. **Mature Patina:** Develops characteristic dark brown appearance with protective properties 4. **Self-Protection:** Patina seals surface, dramatically slowing further corrosion **Design Considerations:** - Requires free circulation of air and periodic wetting/drying cycles - Should avoid moisture traps and areas of constant dampness - Initial runoff may stain adjacent materials (requires proper detailing) - Not recommended for submerged applications or severe marine environments without protection **Manufacturing & Processing** **1. Available Conditions:** - **As-Rolled:** Standard delivery for all thicknesses - **Normalized:** Available for enhanced toughness requirements - **Stress Relieved:** For critical applications with high restraint **2. Surface Characteristics:** - **Mill Finish:** Hot-rolled with mill scale - **Blasted:** Available for immediate painting or accelerated patina formation - **Pre-weathered:** Chemically treated to accelerate patina formation (special order) **3. Fabrication Guidelines:** - **Welding:** Use matching weathering steel electrodes (AWS E7018-W or similar) - **Bolt Connections:** Use weathering steel or stainless steel fasteners - **Shearing & Punching:** Standard practices apply - **Thermal Cutting:** Preheating recommended for thicknesses > 1" **4. Quality Assurance:** - Full chemical and mechanical testing per heat - Ultrasonic testing available for thicker plates - Dye penetrant or magnetic particle inspection when specified - Full traceability with heat number identification **Technical Advantages** 1. **Reduced Life-Cycle Costs:** Eliminates or reduces painting requirements 2. **Aesthetic Appeal:** Develops attractive, natural appearance over time 3. **Environmental Benefits:** Eliminates paint-related VOCs and maintenance 4. **Structural Efficiency:** Higher strength allows lighter designs 5. **Proven Durability:** 50+ year service history in bridges and structures 6. **Design Flexibility:** Available in very thick sections for heavy construction **Procurement Specifications** When ordering, specify: - ASTM A588 Grade B - Thickness, width, and length requirements - Impact testing temperature if required - Additional testing (UT, MT, PT) if needed - Surface preparation requirements - Certification requirements (EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2) - Special marking or identification needs **Disclaimer** This weathering steel requires proper design, detailing, and environmental conditions to perform optimally. Consultation with experienced weathering steel fabricators is recommended. The patina formation and corrosion rates vary with atmospheric conditions. Bethlehem Steel's historical practices are referenced; current producers may have modified processing while maintaining compliance with ASTM A588 Grade B requirements. Always follow current codes and standards for design and fabrication. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Bethlehem Steel ASTM A588 Grade B 3/16 to 4 in. thick, steel plate Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <4637 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Bethlehem Steel ASTM A588 Grade B 3/16 to 4 in. thick, steel plate Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of Bethlehem Steel Flange ASTM A588 Grade B 3/16 to 4 in. thick, Steel Flange plate -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers Bethlehem Steel Flange ASTM A588 Grade B 3/16 to 4 in. thick, Steel Flange plate -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of Bethlehem Steel Flange ASTM A588 Grade B 3/16 to 4 in. thick, Steel Flange plate -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Flange drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 1108 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition