1,We Manufacturing processes are primarily classified into four types:
1:Forging,
2:Casting,
3:Cutting,
4:Rolling.
2,We can manufacture in accordance with these standards.
Standards:
GB Series (Chinese Standards), JB Series (Machinery Standards), HG Series (Chemical Industry Standards), ASME B16.5 (American Standards), BS4504 (British Standards), DIN (German Standards), and JIS (Japanese Standards).
Internationally, there are two primary systems of pipe flange standards: the European system, represented by the German DIN standards (including those of the former Soviet Union), and the American system, represented by the US ANSI pipe flange standards. Other common standards include: the Chinese Ministry of Machinery Industry standards (JB series), the Ministry of Chemical Industry standards (HG series), the Chinese National Standard *GB/T 9112–9124-2010 Steel Pipe Flanges*, as well as US standards (ASME B16.5), British standards (BS4504), German standards (DIN), Japanese standards (JIS), and marine standards (CBM), among others.
The nominal pressure ratings for the PN series are designated by "PN" and comprise the following nine levels: PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63, PN100, and PN160.
The nominal pressure ratings for the Class series are designated by "Class" and comprise the following six levels: Class150, Class300, Class600, Class900, Class1500, and Class2500.
Flange Classification
1. **According to Chemical Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Plate Flat Welding Flange (PL), Necked Flat Welding Flange (SO), Necked Butt Welding Flange (WN), Integral Flange (IF), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Threaded Flange (Th), Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/SE), Blind Flange (BL), Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/PJ), and Lined Blind Flange (BL(s)).
2. **According to Petrochemical (SH) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Threaded Flange (PL), Butt Welding Flange (WN), Flat Welding Flange (SO), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Loose Flange (LJ), and Blind Flange (no specific designation).
3. **According to Machinery (JB) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Integral Flange, Butt Welding Flange, Plate Flat Welding Flange, Butt Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Lap Joint Ring Plate Loose Flange, and Blind Flange.
4. **According to Connection Method/Type:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Plate Flat Welding Flange, Necked Flat Welding Flange, Necked Butt Welding Flange, Socket Welding Flange, Threaded Flange, Blind Flange, Necked Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange, Ring-Type Joint (RTJ) Flange and Blind Flange, Large-Diameter Plate Flange, Large-Diameter High-Neck Flange, Figure-8 Blind Plate, Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, etc.
5. **According to the Component Being Connected:** Flanges can be classified into Vessel Flanges and Pipe Flanges.
6. **According to Structural Type:** Flanges include Integral Flanges, Threaded Flanges, Flat Welding Flanges, Butt Welding Flanges, Lap Joint (Loose/Swivel) Flanges, and Blind Flanges.
A flange—also referred to as a flange plate or rim—is a component used to connect shafts to one another, or, more commonly, to join the ends of pipes. Flanges are also utilized at the inlet and outlet ports of equipment to facilitate connections between two devices—for instance, the flange on a speed reducer. A "flange connection" or "flanged joint" refers to a detachable joint assembly comprising three interconnected elements—a flange, a gasket, and bolts—that together form a sealed structural unit. In the context of piping systems, a "pipe flange" specifically denotes a flange used for plumbing within the installation; when applied to equipment, it refers to the inlet or outlet flange of that specific device. Flanges feature a series of holes through which bolts are inserted to securely fasten the two flanges together, while a gasket placed between the flanges ensures a leak-proof seal. Flanges are broadly categorized into three types: threaded (screw-in) flanges, welded flanges, and clamp-type flanges. Flanges are invariably used in pairs; threaded flanges are suitable for low-pressure piping applications, whereas welded flanges are required for systems operating at pressures exceeding 4 kilograms per square centimeter. A sealing gasket is inserted between the two flange plates, which are then firmly secured using bolts. The thickness of a flange—as well as the specifications of the bolts used to fasten it—vary depending on the specific pressure rating required for the application. When connecting equipment such as water pumps or valves to piping systems, the corresponding connection points on these devices are often manufactured in the shape of a matching flange; this method of attachment is also referred to as a "flange connection." Generally, any connecting component that utilizes bolts to join and seal the perimeters of two flat surfaces—such as the joints in ventilation ducts—is termed a "flange"; such components may collectively be classified as "flange-type parts." However, since such a connection often constitutes merely a *portion* of a larger device—for instance, the interface between a flange and a water pump—it would be inappropriate to classify the entire water pump itself as a "flange-type part." Conversely, smaller components—such as valves—that feature such flanged interfaces may indeed be appropriately categorized as "flange-type parts."
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Dura-Bar 65-45-12 Continuously Cast Ductile Iron Flange Bar Stock ASTM A536 Product Information
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Dura-Bar 65-45-12 Continuously Cast Ductile Iron Flange Bar Stock ASTM A536 Synonyms
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Dura-Bar 65-45-12 Continuously Cast Ductile Iron Bar Stock ASTM A536 Product Information
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### **Product Introduction: Dura-Bar 65-45-12 Continuously Cast Ductile Iron Bar Stock**
**Dura-Bar 65-45-12** is a premium-grade **pearlitic-ferritic ductile iron** manufactured as a sound, dense, and homogeneous **continuous cast bar stock**. Conforming to the **ASTM A536 65-45-12** specification, this material offers an optimal balance of **higher strength, good wear resistance, and excellent machinability**, positioning itself between the highly ductile ferritic grades and the high-strength pearlitic grades.
The continuous casting process is fundamental to its value proposition, eliminating the porosity, inclusions, and microstructural inconsistencies common in sand castings. This results in a predictable and uniform material throughout the entire bar length and cross-section, offering reliability and superior performance for machined components.
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### **1. Key International Standards & Designations**
* **Primary Material Standard:** **ASTM A536 - Standard Specification for Ductile Iron Castings** (Grade 65-45-12).
* **Manufacturer & Product Name:** **Dura-Bar Continuous Cast Iron, Grade 65-45-12**.
* **Common Names:** Continuous Cast Ductile Iron, 65-45-12 Bar Stock, Machinery Grade Ductile Iron.
* **Related Standards:**
* **SAE J434:** While not a direct 1:1 match, its properties fall between grades like D4512 and D5506.
* **ISO 1083:** Approximately equivalent to **EN-GJS-500-7** or **JS/500-7**, though international equivalents vary slightly.
* **UNS Designation:** Typically categorized under the **F32800** series for ductile irons, with specific grades noted by mechanical properties.
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### **2. Chemical Composition (Typical Ranges for Dura-Bar 65-45-12)**
The composition is engineered to produce a **mixed pearlitic-ferritic matrix** with **spheroidal graphite**, providing enhanced strength while retaining good ductility and machinability.
| Element | Typical Range (% by Weight) | Purpose & Rationale |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **Carbon (C)** | 3.4 - 3.7 | Provides the carbon for graphite nodule formation. Ensures castability and contributes to damping capacity. |
| **Silicon (Si)** | 2.2 - 2.6 | Promotes graphitization and ferrite formation. Controlled to achieve the desired balance between ferrite and pearlite. |
| **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.40 - 0.60 | **Key element for this grade.** Manganese is a potent pearlite stabilizer. The higher level (compared to 60-40-18) promotes the formation of a stronger pearlitic matrix, increasing tensile and yield strength. |
| **Phosphorus (P)** | ≤ 0.035 | Kept very low to prevent the formation of brittle iron phosphide networks at grain boundaries. |
| **Sulfur (S)** | ≤ 0.015 | Extremely low. Critical for successful magnesium treatment (nodularization) to form spheroidal graphite (Type I). |
| **Magnesium (Mg)** | 0.04 - 0.06 (Residual) | **The essential nodulizing element.** Ensures graphite forms as spheres, not flakes. |
| **Copper (Cu)** | 0.20 - 0.40 (Optional) | Often added as a **pearlite promoter** and solid solution strengthener. Enhances strength, hardness, and slightly improves corrosion resistance. |
| **Tin (Sn)** | ≤ 0.05 (Optional) | A powerful pearlite stabilizer, used in trace amounts to ensure consistent matrix structure, especially in thicker sections. |
**Microstructural Key:** The microstructure consists of a **matrix of approximately 50-70% fine pearlite with the balance being ferrite**, containing well-dispersed, **spheroidal graphite nodules (ASTM Type I)**. This structure is key to its balanced property profile.
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### **3. Mechanical & Physical Properties**
The continuous casting process ensures these properties are consistent and reproducible.
**A. Mechanical Properties (Minimums & Typical Achieved):**
* **Tensile Strength:** **65 ksi min (448 MPa min)** – Typically 70-80 ksi (480-550 MPa).
* **Yield Strength (0.2% Offset):** **45 ksi min (310 MPa min)** – Typically 50-60 ksi (345-415 MPa).
* **Elongation (% in 2" / 50mm):** **12% min** – Typically 12-18%. Lower elongation than ferritic grades but sufficient for many structural applications.
* **Hardness:** **187 - 255 HB** (Approx. 90 - 25 HRB/HRC). The consistent hardness is a major advantage for machining and wear.
* **Modulus of Elasticity:** **~24.5 x 10⁶ psi (169 GPa)**.
* **Fatigue Strength:** Good, with an endurance limit typically higher than the 60-40-18 grade due to the stronger matrix.
* **Impact Energy (Charpy):** Moderate. Lower than ferritic grades but adequate for many industrial applications.
**B. Typical Physical Properties:**
* **Density:** 0.260 lb/in³ (7.19 g/cm³).
* **Thermal Conductivity:** ~22 Btu/(ft·hr·°F) (38 W/m·K) – Excellent for dissipating heat.
* **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion:** 6.5 x 10⁻⁶ /°F (11.7 x 10⁻⁶ /°C) from 68-212°F.
* **Damping Capacity:** **3-6 times greater than steel.** Superior for reducing vibration and noise.
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### **4. Key Characteristics & Advantages**
* **Enhanced Strength & Wear Resistance:** The pearlitic matrix provides higher tensile and yield strength, and better resistance to adhesive and abrasive wear compared to fully ferritic grades like 60-40-18.
* **Excellent Machinability:** While slightly less machinable than 60-40-18, it is still **far superior to steel of equivalent hardness**. It offers good chip formation, low cutting forces, and extended tool life.
* **Superior Consistency & Soundness:** Free from internal defects, ensuring 100% material utilization and predictable performance in every machined part.
* **Good Bearing Properties:** The graphite provides inherent lubricity, reducing friction and galling.
* **High Damping Capacity:** Effectively absorbs vibrational energy, leading to smoother operation, improved surface finish on machined parts, and reduced noise.
* **Cost-Effective Production:** The combination of fast machining speeds, excellent chip control, and minimal scrap translates to a lower total finished-part cost compared to steel.
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### **5. Typical Applications**
Dura-Bar 65-45-12 is ideal for applications requiring a balance of strength, wear resistance, and manufacturability.
* **Power Transmission & Gearing:**
* **Medium-duty Gears, Sprockets, and Sleeves.**
* **Worm Gears and Gearbox Components.**
* **Hydraulic & Fluid Power:**
* **High-Pressure Valve Bodies, Manifolds, and Pump Housings.**
* **Cylinder Barrels and Pistons** for hydraulic cylinders.
* **Automotive & Heavy Equipment:**
* **Differential Carriers, Axle Housings, and Bearing Caps.**
* **Truck Brake Drums and Components** requiring wear resistance.
* **Engine Components** like camshafts and diesel fuel pump housings.
* **Industrial Machinery & Tooling:**
* **Rollers, Bushings, and Guide Rails** for conveyors and automation.
* **Machine Tool Components:** Lead screws, nuts, feed stockers.
* **Compressor Crankshafts and Connecting Rods.**
* **Agricultural Machinery:**
* **Spindles, Gears, and Driveline Components.**
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### **6. Machinability & Fabrication**
* **Machinability Rating:** **Approximately 70-75% (compared to 1212 Steel as 100%).** Still offers significant machining advantages over steel.
* **Heat Treatment:** Can be flame or induction hardened to increase surface hardness for wear applications (e.g., gears, rollers).
* **Welding:** Generally not recommended for critical structural joints due to the risk of forming hard, brittle carbides in the heat-affected zone. Specialized procedures are required if welding is necessary.
* **Surface Treatments:** Readily accepts treatments like phosphating, black oxide, and plating.
### **Summary**
**Dura-Bar 65-45-12 (ASTM A536) continuously cast ductile iron bar stock** is a versatile and high-performance **engineering material designed for strength and manufacturability**. It fills the critical niche between highly ductile and ultra-high-strength irons, offering the **ideal compromise of strength, wear resistance, and machinability**. For engineers and manufacturers, it provides a reliable, consistent, and cost-effective solution for producing durable, precision-machined components that must withstand both mechanical loads and wear in demanding industrial environments.
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Dura-Bar 65-45-12 Continuously Cast Ductile Iron Bar Stock ASTM A536 Specification
Dimensions
Size：
Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <6603 mm
Size:We can customized as required
Standard：
Per your request or drawing
We can customized as required
Properties（Theoretical）
Chemical Composition
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Dura-Bar 65-45-12 Continuously Cast Ductile Iron Bar Stock ASTM A536 Properties
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Applications of Dura-Bar 65-45-12 Continuously Cast Ductile Iron Flange Bar Stock ASTM A536
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Chemical Identifiers Dura-Bar 65-45-12 Continuously Cast Ductile Iron Flange Bar Stock ASTM A536
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Packing of Dura-Bar 65-45-12 Continuously Cast Ductile Iron Flange Bar Stock ASTM A536
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Standard Packing:
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Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Flange drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 3074 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition
