SHKH15-SHD High Carbon Bearing Steel Flange

1,We Manufacturing processes are primarily classified into four types: 1:Forging, 2:Casting, 3:Cutting, 4:Rolling. 2,We can manufacture in accordance with these standards. Standards: GB Series (Chinese Standards), JB Series (Machinery Standards), HG Series (Chemical Industry Standards), ASME B16.5 (American Standards), BS4504 (British Standards), DIN (German Standards), and JIS (Japanese Standards). Internationally, there are two primary systems of pipe flange standards: the European system, represented by the German DIN standards (including those of the former Soviet Union), and the American system, represented by the US ANSI pipe flange standards. Other common standards include: the Chinese Ministry of Machinery Industry standards (JB series), the Ministry of Chemical Industry standards (HG series), the Chinese National Standard *GB/T 9112–9124-2010 Steel Pipe Flanges*, as well as US standards (ASME B16.5), British standards (BS4504), German standards (DIN), Japanese standards (JIS), and marine standards (CBM), among others. The nominal pressure ratings for the PN series are designated by "PN" and comprise the following nine levels: PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63, PN100, and PN160. The nominal pressure ratings for the Class series are designated by "Class" and comprise the following six levels: Class150, Class300, Class600, Class900, Class1500, and Class2500. Flange Classification 1. **According to Chemical Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange (PL), Necked Flat Welding Flange (SO), Necked Butt Welding Flange (WN), Integral Flange (IF), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Threaded Flange (Th), Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/SE), Blind Flange (BL), Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/PJ), and Lined Blind Flange (BL(s)). 2. **According to Petrochemical (SH) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Threaded Flange (PL), Butt Welding Flange (WN), Flat Welding Flange (SO), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Loose Flange (LJ), and Blind Flange (no specific designation). 3. **According to Machinery (JB) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Integral Flange, Butt Welding Flange, Plate Flat Welding Flange, Butt Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Lap Joint Ring Plate Loose Flange, and Blind Flange. 4. **According to Connection Method/Type:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange, Necked Flat Welding Flange, Necked Butt Welding Flange, Socket Welding Flange, Threaded Flange, Blind Flange, Necked Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange, Ring-Type Joint (RTJ) Flange and Blind Flange, Large-Diameter Plate Flange, Large-Diameter High-Neck Flange, Figure-8 Blind Plate, Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, etc. 5. **According to the Component Being Connected:** Flanges can be classified into Vessel Flanges and Pipe Flanges. 6. **According to Structural Type:** Flanges include Integral Flanges, Threaded Flanges, Flat Welding Flanges, Butt Welding Flanges, Lap Joint (Loose/Swivel) Flanges, and Blind Flanges. A flange—also referred to as a flange plate or rim—is a component used to connect shafts to one another, or, more commonly, to join the ends of pipes. Flanges are also utilized at the inlet and outlet ports of equipment to facilitate connections between two devices—for instance, the flange on a speed reducer. A "flange connection" or "flanged joint" refers to a detachable joint assembly comprising three interconnected elements—a flange, a gasket, and bolts—that together form a sealed structural unit. In the context of piping systems, a "pipe flange" specifically denotes a flange used for plumbing within the installation; when applied to equipment, it refers to the inlet or outlet flange of that specific device. Flanges feature a series of holes through which bolts are inserted to securely fasten the two flanges together, while a gasket placed between the flanges ensures a leak-proof seal. Flanges are broadly categorized into three types: threaded (screw-in) flanges, welded flanges, and clamp-type flanges. Flanges are invariably used in pairs; threaded flanges are suitable for low-pressure piping applications, whereas welded flanges are required for systems operating at pressures exceeding 4 kilograms per square centimeter. A sealing gasket is inserted between the two flange plates, which are then firmly secured using bolts. The thickness of a flange—as well as the specifications of the bolts used to fasten it—vary depending on the specific pressure rating required for the application. When connecting equipment such as water pumps or valves to piping systems, the corresponding connection points on these devices are often manufactured in the shape of a matching flange; this method of attachment is also referred to as a "flange connection." Generally, any connecting component that utilizes bolts to join and seal the perimeters of two flat surfaces—such as the joints in ventilation ducts—is termed a "flange"; such components may collectively be classified as "flange-type parts." However, since such a connection often constitutes merely a *portion* of a larger device—for instance, the interface between a flange and a water pump—it would be inappropriate to classify the entire water pump itself as a "flange-type part." Conversely, smaller components—such as valves—that feature such flanged interfaces may indeed be appropriately categorized as "flange-type parts." -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: SHKH15-SHD High Carbon Bearing Steel Flange (Composition Spec) Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: SHKH15-SHD High Carbon Bearing Steel Flange (Composition Spec) Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

SHKH15-SHD High Carbon Bearing Steel (Composition Spec) Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ### **Product Datasheet: SHKH15-SHD High Carbon Bearing Steel (Composition Specification)** --- #### **1. Material Overview** **SHKH15-SHD** is a **Russian/GOST-standardized, high-carbon, chromium alloy bearing steel**, representing a **high-quality, vacuum-arc remelted variant** of the standard **ШХ15 (ShKh15)** grade. The "**CД (SD)**" suffix (Cyrillic for "SHD") specifically denotes **"Vacuum-Arc Remelted"** production. This advanced secondary refining process significantly enhances the steel's purity, leading to exceptional **fatigue life, fracture toughness, and microstructural homogeneity**. It is the premier bearing steel grade within the GOST system, designed for the most demanding applications in aerospace, defense, and high-precision machinery where failure is not an option. #### **2. Key Material Concept: Vacuum-Arc Remelting (VAR) for Ultra-Cleanliness** The **SHD (Vacuum-Arc Remelting)** designation is the core differentiator from standard ШХ15: - **Base Composition:** Similar to standard ШХ15 (and analogous to AISI 52100/100Cr6), with ~1.0% C and ~1.5% Cr. - **VAR Process:** The steel is remelted under high vacuum using a consumable electrode. This process: 1. **Drastically Reduces Gas Content:** Lowers oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen to ultra-low levels (e.g., [O] < 10 ppm). 2. **Improves Inclusion Morphology and Distribution:** Promotes the floatation and removal of non-metallic inclusions, resulting in a **"Super Clean"** microstructure with minimal oxide and sulfide stringers. 3. **Enhances Chemical and Microstructural Homogeneity:** Eliminates macrosegregation, leading to uniform carbide distribution and consistent hardenability throughout large ingots. 4. **Result:** The steel achieves superior **contact fatigue strength, rolling contact fatigue (RCF) life, and fracture toughness** compared to air-melted or even vacuum-degassed grades. #### **3. International Standard & Cross-References** - **Primary Standard:** **GOST 801-2018** (or older versions: GOST 801-78). This is the Russian state standard for "Bearing Steels. Specifications." - **Grade Designation:** **ШХ15-СД** (ShKh15-SD) in Cyrillic. "ШХ" stands for "Bearing Steel, Chromium," "15" indicates ~1.5% Cr, and "СД" means "Vacuum-Arc Remelted." - **Closest International Equivalents:** - **AISI/SAE:** **E52100 VAR** (Vacuum Arc Remelted) - **EN/DIN:** **1.3505 (100Cr6) VAR** or **1.3547 (100Cr6 ESR)** for Electroslag Remelted quality. - **JIS:** **SUJ2** in "Super Clean" or special melted quality. - **Quality Level:** Represents the **highest quality tier** within the GOST bearing steel system, comparable to "Ultra-Clean" or "Aerospace Quality" in Western standards. #### **4. Chemical Composition (% by Weight, per GOST 801)** | Element | Content Range (%) | Key Role in SHD Quality | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Carbon (C)** | **0.95 – 1.05** | Provides high hardness and carbide volume. Tight control ensures consistency. | | **Silicon (Si)** | **0.17 – 0.37** | Deoxidizer. | | **Manganese (Mn)** | **0.20 – 0.40** | Contributes to hardenability. | | **Chromium (Cr)** | **1.30 – 1.65** | **Key alloying element.** Provides hardenability and forms wear-resistant carbides. | | **Phosphorus (P)** | **≤ 0.020** | Very low to prevent embrittlement. | | **Sulfur (S)** | **≤ 0.010** | **Extremely low** – critical for maximizing fatigue life; VAR process enables this. | | **Nickel (Ni)** | **≤ 0.25** | Residual; tightly controlled. | | **Copper (Cu)** | **≤ 0.20** | Residual; tightly controlled. | | **Gases (O, H, N)** | **Specified at very low levels** | **Defining SHD characteristic.** Oxygen often ≤ 10 ppm. | #### **5. Typical Physical & Mechanical Properties** **A. Physical Properties:** - **Density:** 7.83 g/cm³ - **Modulus of Elasticity:** 210 GPa - **Thermal Conductivity:** 46 W/m·K **B. Mechanical Properties (After Standard Bearing Heat Treatment):** - **Hardness:** **62 – 66 HRC** (after quenching and low-temp tempering). Achieves high, uniform hardness. - **Contact Fatigue Life (L10):** **30-100% higher** than standard air-melted ШХ15/52100 due to ultra-cleanliness. - **Bending Fatigue Strength:** Excellent. - **Fracture Toughness (K1C):** Superior to standard grades due to clean microstructure and fine carbide distribution. - **Dimensional Stability:** Exceptional, with minimal retained austenite. #### **6. Processing & Fabrication Characteristics** - **Hardenability:** **Excellent and Consistent.** The VAR process ensures uniform chemical composition, leading to predictable and uniform depth of hardening. - **Machinability (Annealed):** **Fair to Poor.** Similar to other high-carbon bearing steels; the clean microstructure does not significantly improve machinability. - **Grindability:** **Excellent.** The homogeneous structure allows for precise grinding without subsurface damage. - **Weldability:** **Very Poor.** Not recommended for any structural applications. - **Forging & Hot Working:** Performs well, but requires controlled conditions to preserve the premium quality. #### **7. Primary Applications** SHKH15-SHD is mandated for extreme-performance and safety-critical applications: - **Aerospace & Defense:** **Critical aircraft engine bearings** (main shaft, gearbox), **helicopter rotor bearings**, **missile guidance system bearings**, and **armored vehicle transmission bearings**. - **High-Speed Machine Tool Spindles:** **Precision grinding spindles, CNC milling spindles, and high-speed bearings** where minimal runout and long life are essential. - **Specialized Industrial Machinery:** Bearings in **high-load, high-RPM turbines, compressors, and pumps** in the energy sector. - **Precision Measuring Instruments:** **Ultra-precision gauge blocks and standards** requiring supreme dimensional stability. - **Racing & High-Performance Automotive:** **Formula 1 gearbox bearings, turbocharger bearings**, and other critical drivetrain components. #### **8. Available Forms & Quality Assurance** - **Forms:** **Primarily supplied as forged or rolled bars, billets, and sometimes as semi-finished rings or tubes** from specialized mills. - **Quality Assurance:** Subject to **rigorous testing** beyond standard grades, including: - **Ultrasonic Testing (UT)** for internal defects. - **Advanced inclusion rating** (e.g., GOST 1778, ASTM E45 Method D with stricter limits). - **Microstructural analysis** for carbide network, grain size, and banding. - **Chemical analysis** for trace elements and gases. - **Certification:** Requires full **traceability and a comprehensive material certificate** confirming VAR process and all test results. #### **9. Comparison with Standard Grades** | Aspect | Standard ШХ15 / 52100 | **SHKH15-SHD (VAR)** | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Melting Process** | Electric Arc Furnace + Ladle Refining. | **Vacuum-Arc Remelting (Secondary Refining).** | | **Inclusion Content** | Standard "Bearing Quality." | **"Ultra-Clean" / "Super Clean."** | | **Oxygen Content** | Typically 5-15 ppm. | **Typically ≤ 10 ppm, often near 5 ppm.** | | **Fatigue Life** | Baseline. | **Significantly Enhanced (30-100%+).** | | **Cost** | Standard market price. | **Premium (2-5x higher).** | | **Application** | General industrial bearings. | **Critical Aerospace/Defense/High-Precision.** | --- **Disclaimer:** SHKH15-SHD is a **specialized, high-cost material** justified only by extreme performance requirements. It is not a drop-in replacement for standard bearing steel. Procurement is typically through specialized metallurgical suppliers with expertise in high-performance alloys and adherence to strict quality protocols (e.g., NADCAP). The use of this material often requires **customer approval of the mill source and processing route**. For non-critical applications, standard ШХ15 or equivalent grades are technically and economically sufficient. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: SHKH15-SHD High Carbon Bearing Steel (Composition Spec) Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <5199 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: SHKH15-SHD High Carbon Bearing Steel (Composition Spec) Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of SHKH15-SHD High Carbon Bearing Steel Flange (Composition Spec) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers SHKH15-SHD High Carbon Bearing Steel Flange (Composition Spec) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of SHKH15-SHD High Carbon Bearing Steel Flange (Composition Spec) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Flange drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 1670 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition