AISI 1040 Steel, as rolled

AISI 1040 Steel, as rolled Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1040 Steel, as rolled Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

AISI 1040 Steel, as rolled Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **Technical Datasheet: AISI 1040 Steel - As Rolled Condition** --- ## **1. Product Overview** AISI 1040 as-rolled steel is a medium-carbon, non-alloy steel supplied directly from hot-rolling operations without subsequent heat treatment or cold finishing. This condition represents the most economical form of the material, characterized by a characteristic mill scale surface and mechanical properties developed through controlled rolling and natural cooling. As one of the most widely used carbon steels, AISI 1040 in as-rolled condition provides a balanced combination of strength, ductility, and machinability suitable for numerous industrial applications where additional processing costs are to be minimized. --- ## **2. Key Characteristics** - **Cost-Effective Production**: Eliminates expenses associated with heat treatment or cold working processes - **Balanced Mechanical Properties**: Provides good strength (515-655 MPa tensile) with reasonable ductility (18-23% elongation) - **Characteristic Surface**: Features blue/black mill scale requiring removal for most finishing operations - **Good Fabricability**: Can be welded, machined, and formed with proper techniques and equipment - **Heat Treatable Base Material**: Serves as excellent raw material for subsequent normalizing, annealing, or hardening processes - **Wide Availability**: Commonly stocked in various shapes and sizes by steel service centers worldwide --- ## **3. Chemical Composition** | Element | Composition Range (%) | Standard Reference | |---------|----------------------|-------------------| | **Carbon (C)** | 0.37 - 0.44 | SAE J403 / ASTM A29 | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.60 - 0.90 | SAE J403 / ASTM A29 | | **Phosphorus (P)** | ≤ 0.040 | SAE J403 / ASTM A29 | | **Sulfur (S)** | ≤ 0.050 | SAE J403 / ASTM A29 | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.15 - 0.35 | SAE J403 / ASTM A29 | | **Iron (Fe)** | Balance | - | *Note: The manganese range may extend to 1.00% in some specifications for improved hardenability.* --- ## **4. Typical Mechanical Properties (As-Rolled Condition)** | Property | Value Range | Test Standard | |----------|-------------|---------------| | **Tensile Strength** | 515 - 655 MPa (75 - 95 ksi) | ASTM A370 | | **Yield Strength (0.2% offset)** | 345 - 485 MPa (50 - 70 ksi) | ASTM A370 | | **Elongation in 50 mm (2")** | 18% - 23% | ASTM A370 | | **Reduction of Area** | 40% - 50% | ASTM A370 | | **Brinell Hardness** | 149 - 207 HB | ASTM E10 | | **Modulus of Elasticity** | 200 GPa (29,000 ksi) | ASTM E111 | | **Shear Modulus** | 80 GPa (11,600 ksi) | - | | **Poisson's Ratio** | 0.29 | - | | **Impact Strength (Charpy V-notch)** | 20 - 40 J (15 - 30 ft-lb) | ASTM A370 | | **Fatigue Strength (10⁷ cycles)** | 240 - 300 MPa | - | | **Machinability Rating** | ~60% (relative to 1212 steel) | - | --- ## **5. Physical Properties** | Property | Value | |----------|-------| | **Density** | 7.87 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³) | | **Melting Point** | 1480 - 1520°C (2696 - 2768°F) | | **Thermal Conductivity** | 51.9 W/m·K (36.0 BTU·in/hr·ft²·°F) | | **Specific Heat Capacity** | 486 J/kg·K (0.116 BTU/lb·°F) | | **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion** | 11.3 µm/m·°C (6.3 µin/in·°F) 20-100°C | | **Electrical Resistivity** | 0.160 µΩ·m | | **Magnetic Properties** | Ferromagnetic | --- ## **6. Microstructural Characteristics** - **Typical Structure**: Ferrite-pearlite mixture with banding from rolling - **Grain Size**: ASTM 5-7 (medium grain size) - **Decarburization**: Surface decarburization of 0.1-0.3 mm typical - **Inclusion Content**: Commercial quality with typical stringer-type inclusions - **Surface Condition**: Heavy mill scale (Fe₃O₄) 0.025-0.075 mm thick --- ## **7. International Standard Equivalents** | Standard System | Designation | Primary Specification | |----------------|-------------|----------------------| | **UNS** | G10400 | Unified Numbering System | | **SAE/AISI** | 1040 | SAE J403 | | **ASTM** | Grade 1040 | ASTM A29 / ASTM A576 | | **EN (Europe)** | 1.1186 (C40E) | EN 10083-2 | | **ISO** | C40E | ISO 683-18 | | **JIS (Japan)** | S40C | JIS G4051 | | **GB (China)** | 40# (40钢) | GB/T 699 | | **DIN (Germany)** | 1.1186, Ck40 | DIN 17200 | | **BS (UK)** | 080M40 | BS 970 | --- ## **8. Manufacturing Process** ### **Hot Rolling Parameters** - **Reheating Temperature**: 1250-1300°C (2280-2370°F) - **Finishing Temperature**: 850-950°C (1560-1740°F) - **Cooling Method**: Air cooling on cooling beds - **Scale Formation**: 0.5-2.0% weight loss as mill scale ### **Typical Mill Practices** - Continuous casting or ingot casting followed by blooming - Multiple pass reduction in roughing and finishing mills - Natural air cooling without controlled atmosphere - Surface inspection and straightening as required --- ## **9. Heat Treatment Potential** ### **Subsequent Heat Treatment Options** | Process | Temperature Range | Purpose | |---------|------------------|---------| | **Annealing** | 790-815°C (1450-1500°F) | Soften for machining | | **Normalizing** | 870-925°C (1600-1700°F) | Refine grain structure | | **Quenching** | 830-855°C (1525-1575°F) | Harden for strength | | **Tempering** | 200-650°C (400-1200°F) | Achieve desired toughness | | **Stress Relieving** | 550-650°C (1020-1200°F) | Reduce residual stresses | ### **Expected Results After Heat Treatment** - **Maximum Hardness (as-quenched)**: 58-62 HRC - **Tempered Hardness Range**: 25-45 HRC achievable - **Improved Strength**: 850-1100 MPa tensile after Q&T - **Enhanced Toughness**: Impact values increased by 50-100% --- ## **10. Primary Applications** ### **General Manufacturing & Fabrication** - Structural frames and supports - Base plates and mounting brackets - General machinery components - Material handling equipment - Industrial hardware and fittings ### **Automotive & Transportation** - Chassis components - Suspension parts (non-critical) - Bracket and mount fabrication - Truck and trailer structural members - Agricultural equipment frames ### **Construction & Infrastructure** - Anchor bolts and foundation hardware - Structural connectors - Support beams and columns - Bridge components (secondary) - Construction equipment parts ### **Industrial Components** - Gear blanks (for subsequent machining/HT) - Shaft stock (for further processing) - Die blocks and tooling bases - Press and machine frames - General repair and maintenance parts ### **Agricultural Equipment** - Implement frames - Tractor components - Harrow and cultivator parts - Storage and handling equipment --- ## **11. Fabrication & Processing Guidelines** ### **Machining Operations** - **Tool Selection**: Carbide or HSS tools with positive rake - **Cutting Speeds**: 25-40 m/min (80-130 ft/min) - **Feeds**: 0.1-0.3 mm/rev (0.004-0.012 in/rev) - **Coolant**: Recommended for improved tool life - **Scale Removal**: Essential before precision machining - **Chip Formation**: Generally produces continuous chips ### **Welding Procedures** - **Pre-heating**: 150-260°C (300-500°F) for thickness >12 mm - **Electrodes**: E7018 low-hydrogen recommended - **Interpass Temperature**: 150-200°C (300-400°F) - **Post-Weld Treatment**: Stress relief at 600-650°C (1110-1200°F) - **Technique**: Moderate heat input, controlled cooling ### **Forming & Bending** - **Hot Forming Temperature**: 1150-900°C (2100-1650°F) - **Cold Forming**: Limited to simple bends with adequate radius - **Minimum Bend Radius**: 2× thickness for 90° bends - **Springback**: Significant; require overbending ### **Surface Preparation** - **Scale Removal Methods**: - Abrasive blasting (most effective) - Pickling (acid bath) - Mechanical descaling - **Surface Treatments**: - Painting/primer application - Galvanizing (after proper cleaning) - Powder coating - Plating (nickel, chrome, zinc) --- ## **12. Quality Assurance & Inspection** ### **Standard Testing** - **Chemical Analysis**: Spectrographic or wet chemical methods - **Tensile Testing**: Round or flat specimens per ASTM A370 - **Hardness Testing**: Brinell, Rockwell, or Vickers methods - **Dimensional Checks**: Calipers, micrometers, gauges - **Visual Inspection**: Surface quality, straightness, defects ### **Optional Testing** - **Impact Testing**: Charpy V-notch at various temperatures - **Microstructural Analysis**: Grain size, phase distribution - **Non-Destructive Testing**: UT, MT, PT as required - **Hardenability Testing**: Jominy end-quench test ### **Certification Requirements** - Mill test reports (MTR) typically provided - Heat number traceability - Chemical composition certification - Mechanical property test results - Compliance with specified standards --- ## **13. Comparison with Other Conditions** | Property | As-Rolled | Normalized | Quenched & Tempered | Cold Drawn | |----------|-----------|------------|---------------------|------------| | **Tensile Strength** | 515-655 MPa | 550-700 MPa | 850-1100 MPa | 620-760 MPa | | **Yield Strength** | 345-485 MPa | 380-520 MPa | 700-950 MPa | 515-655 MPa | | **Elongation** | 18-23% | 20-25% | 12-18% | 12-18% | | **Hardness** | 149-207 HB | 156-217 HB | 25-45 HRC | 179-241 HB | | **Cost Factor** | 1.0 | 1.1-1.2 | 1.3-1.5 | 1.2-1.3 | | **Primary Use** | General fabrication | Improved uniformity | High strength | Precision parts | --- ## **14. Storage & Handling** ### **Storage Conditions** - **Environment**: Dry, covered storage preferred - **Stacking**: Level supports, proper weight distribution - **Protection**: From weather elements and contamination - **Identification**: Clear marking of grade and dimensions - **Inventory Management**: FIFO system recommended ### **Handling Precautions** - Use appropriate lifting equipment - Avoid dropping or impact damage - Protect edges and surfaces - Follow safety protocols for heavy materials ### **Corrosion Protection** - **Short-term**: Natural mill scale provides some protection - **Medium-term**: Weathering resistant but will rust - **Long-term**: Requires protective coatings - **Special Conditions**: Indoor storage recommended for extended periods --- ## **15. Economic Considerations** ### **Cost Factors** - **Raw Material**: Lowest cost condition for AISI 1040 - **Processing**: No additional heat treatment costs - **Finish Machining**: May require more stock removal due to scale - **Overall Economy**: Most economical for non-critical applications ### **Value Analysis** - Best for applications where surface finish not critical - Ideal for components receiving complete machining - Suitable for parts that will be heat treated by end user - Economical choice for large volume production --- ## **16. Technical Support & Services** ### **Available Assistance** - Material selection guidance - Fabrication process recommendations - Heat treatment consultation - Quality assurance support ### **Supplier Services** - Cutting to size - Surface preparation - Basic testing and certification - Just-in-time delivery options --- **Disclaimer**: This technical data sheet provides general information about AISI 1040 steel in as-rolled condition. Actual properties may vary based on manufacturer, rolling mill practices, cooling conditions, and specific production parameters. For engineering applications, consult official material specifications and conduct appropriate testing. Professional engineering judgment should be applied for specific applications, particularly for safety-critical components. --- **Revision**: 1.1 **Date**: November 2023 **Status**: Current Specification -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1040 Steel, as rolled Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <4821 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1040 Steel, as rolled Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of AISI 1040 Steel, as rolled -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers AISI 1040 Steel, as rolled -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of AISI 1040 Steel, as rolled -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 1292 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition